Essential Question
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Essential QuestionEssential Question
Why did the Spanish and Why did the Spanish and French build colonies in the French build colonies in the
Americas? Americas?
The Migration to America
Land Bridge to America
Look at the map on pages 18 and 19 of our text and answer the following questions.
What geographical event made the sea level drop to reveal the land bridge between Asia and America?
What other ways might settlers have made their way to America?
Bering Strait
Separates Alaska from Siberia
Dry land during the last Ice Age
This land bridge is known as Beringia
Beringia
People crossed by foot or by boat from the continent of Asia
Nomads moved continually from place to place
Early American
s
Mesoamerica
Mexico, Central America
Agricultural Revolution – maize (corn), squash, peppers, beans
First permanent villages
Mesoamerica
Europeans in North America
Name the three European groups which had the greatest impact on settling North America:
1. 2. 3.
The Spanish and French Build The Spanish and French Build EmpiresEmpires
Hernan CortesHernan Cortes Hernan Cortes Hernan Cortes
led an expedition led an expedition to the Yucatan to the Yucatan PeninsulaPeninsula
Purpose = find Purpose = find Indians to work Indians to work Cuban farms and Cuban farms and minesmines
550 men, 11 550 men, 11 shipsships
Cortes in MexicoCortes in Mexico
1519 – Cortes 1519 – Cortes landed in the landed in the Yucatan PeninsulaYucatan Peninsula
Montezuma led the Montezuma led the Aztec EmpireAztec Empire
Quote, Aztec writerQuote, Aztec writer
““While the Spaniards were in Tlaxcala, While the Spaniards were in Tlaxcala, a great plague broke out here in a great plague broke out here in Tenochtitlan . . . Sores erupted on Tenochtitlan . . . Sores erupted on our faces and our bellies; we were our faces and our bellies; we were covered with agonizing sores from covered with agonizing sores from head to foot. The illness was so head to foot. The illness was so dreadful that no one could walk or dreadful that no one could walk or move . . . If they did move their move . . . If they did move their bodies, they screamed with pain.”bodies, they screamed with pain.”
Spanish VictorySpanish Victory
Cortes ordered a Cortes ordered a new city – Mexico new city – Mexico CityCity
Capital of the Capital of the Spanish colony of Spanish colony of New SpainNew Spain
Northern Spanish ExplorationNorthern Spanish Exploration1513-16101513-1610
Spanish Missions of GeorgiaSpanish Missions of Georgia
Southwest SettlementsSouthwest Settlements
Failure to find Failure to find gold, wealthgold, wealth
1598 – settlers 1598 – settlers migrated north of migrated north of the Rio Grande the Rio Grande into New Mexicointo New Mexico
Capital city – Capital city – Santa Fe (1609-Santa Fe (1609-1610)1610)
Mining and RanchingMining and Ranching
Spanish Spanish discovered silverdiscovered silver
Cattle ranches Cattle ranches (haciendas)(haciendas)
Native Americans in New Native Americans in New SpainSpain
Native Native Americans paid Americans paid taxestaxes
Also worked as Also worked as slaves in mines slaves in mines
Most diedMost died
Jacques Jacques CartierCartier
First trip in 1534 First trip in 1534 for the French for the French EmpireEmpire
Mapped the St. Mapped the St. Lawrence RiverLawrence River
St. Lawrence RiverSt. Lawrence River
New FranceNew France French fished French fished
off the North off the North American American coastlinecoastline
Fur became Fur became fashionable in fashionable in EuropeEurope
Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain
1608 – founded 1608 – founded the city of the city of QuebecQuebec
Capital of New Capital of New FranceFrance
Life in New FranceLife in New France
Colony grew Colony grew slowlyslowly
Coureurs de bois – Coureurs de bois – fur traders lived fur traders lived among the Native among the Native AmericansAmericans
Jesuit missionariesJesuit missionaries
French ExplorersFrench Explorers
Joliet and Joliet and Marquette Marquette explored the explored the Mississippi RiverMississippi River
La Salle followed La Salle followed the Mississippi the Mississippi River all the way River all the way to the Gulf of to the Gulf of MexicoMexico
Settling LouisianaSettling Louisiana Desire to ship furs Desire to ship furs
down the Mississippi down the Mississippi to the Gulfto the Gulf
Settlements such as Settlements such as New OrleansNew Orleans
Labor intensive Labor intensive crops (sugar, rice, crops (sugar, rice, indigo) required indigo) required slave laborslave labor
French and Spanish French and Spanish SettlementsSettlements
France vs. SpainFrance vs. Spain
Spanish founded Spanish founded St. Augustine in St. Augustine in Florida in 1565 to Florida in 1565 to protect their protect their territoryterritory
1690 – 1690 – established first established first Spanish town in Spanish town in eastern Texaseastern Texas