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ICS: 75.100
Published by Ethiopian Standards Agency ©ESA
ETHIOPIAN STANDARD
Industrial liquid lubricants – ISO Viscosity Classification.
(Identical with ISO 3448:1992)
ES ISO 3448:2005
First edition
(Reaffirmed:2012)
ES ISO3448 :2005(2012)
ii
Foreword 4
This Ethiopian Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Committee for
petroleom and related products (TC 59) and published by the Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA).
The standard is a reaffirmation for reprint of the Ethiopian Standard ES ISO3448:2005,Industrial liquid lubricants – ISO Viscosity Classification, with some editorial changes without altering the
technical contents in the former text.
©ESA
Industrial liquid lubricants - IS0 viscosity classification
1 scope
This International Standard establishes a system of viscosity classification for industrial liquid lubricants and related fluids. This includes mineral oils used as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, electrical oils and for other applications. The usual method for kinematic- viscosity determination is that specified in IS0 3104, but this may give anomalous results when used with non-Newtonian fluids (i.e. those whose coefficient of viscosity varies significantly with rate of shear). For SUCII fluids, it is therefore important to state the particular method by which viscosity has been de- termined.
It is also recognized that there may be some pure chemicals and‘naturally occurring products. used as lubricants, which will not fatI within this classifi- cation.
2 Normative reference
The following standard contains provisions which, through refe;-ence in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publi- cation, the edition indicated was valid. A!I standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this lnternationai Standard are encour- aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur- rently valid International Standards. c
1SO 3104:1 Ptroleum products -- Transparent and opaque liquids - Determinafior, of kinematic viscosity and cakulation of dynamic viscosity.
3 Classification
3.1 The classification defines 20 viscosity grades in the range 2 mm*/s to 3 200 rnm*/s at 40 “C. This covers, as far as petroleum-based liquids are con- cerned, approximately the range from kerosine to cylinder oils.
3.2 Each viscosity grade is designated by the nearest whole number to its mid-boint kinematic viscosity in square millimetres per second (mm%) at 40 “C, and a kinematic-viscosity range of + IO % of this value is permitted. The 20 viscosity grades with the limits appropriate to each are given in table 1.
3.3 The classification is based on the principle that the mid-point kinematic viscosity of each grade should be approximately 50 % greater than that of the preceding one. The division of each decade into six equal logarithmic steps provides such a system and permits a uniform progression from decade to decade, but in order to provide simple numbers the logarithmic series has been rounded off. The maxi- mum deviation of the mid-point viscosities from the logarithmic series is 2,2 7%.
3.4 The classification implies no quality evaluation, and provides information only on the kinematic vis- cosity at the defining temperature of 40 “C. The kinematic viscosities at other temperatures will de- pend on the viscosity/temperature characteristics of the lubricants. which are usually reported as visco~~ity/ter~-~l~e~-at~~r.~ curves or stated in terms of a viscosity in&x (VI).
©ESA
ES ISO3448 :2005(2012) ETHIOPIAN STANDARD
IS0 3448:1992(E)
3.5 The kinematic viscosities of the same lubricants defined by this International Standard, but identified at other temperatures customarily used in some countries, are shown in annex A. Three val- ues of the viscosity index have been used. These data are given only for the purpose of general guid- ante in understanding or adoption of this Inter-
4 Designation
The followinq wording shall be used to designate a particular viscosity grade:
IS0 viscosity grade . . . (IS0 3448)
national Standard. which may be abbreviated to:
IS0 VG...
Table I - IS0 viscosity classification
IS0 viscosity grade
IS0 VG 2
IS0 VG 3
IS0 VG 5
IS0 VG 7
IS0 VG 10
IS0 VG 15
ISO’VG 22
IS0 VG 32
IS0 VG 46
IS0 VG 68
IS0 VG 100
IS0 VG 150
IS0 VG 220
IS0 VG 320
IS0 VG 460
IS0 VG 680
IS0 VG *l 000
IS0 VG 1500
IS0 VG 2 200 IS0 VG 3 200 --
Mid-point khema tic viscosity
Kinematic-viscosity limits
nw?/s at 40 “C
rnrn2/s at 40 “C - ~---_-__
min.
2,2 1.98
3,2 2,88
436 4,14
618 6,12
10 9,00
15 13.5
22 19,8
32 28,8
46 41,4
68 61,2
100 90,o
150 135
220 198
320 288
460 414
680 612
1 000 900
1 500 1 350
2 200 1 980
3 300 2 880
---- __________. max.
2,42
3,52
5,06
7,4R
11 ,o
16,5
24,2
35,2
50,6
74,8
110
16.5
242
352
506
748
1100
1 650
2 430
3 520 ---.--
ES ISO3448:20m
05(2012)
©ESA
IS0 3448:1992(E)
Annex A (informative)
IS0 viscosity classification with corresponding kinematic viscosities at various temperatures for differing viscosity indices
©ESA
ES ISO3448:2005(2012)m
Kine
mat
ic-
Appr
oxim
ate
kinem
atic
visco
sity
at
othe
r te
mpe
ratu
res
for
diffe
rent
va
lues
of v
iscos
ity i
ndex
IS
0 vis
cosit
y I
visco
sity
I ra
nge
I Vi
scos
ity
index
=
13
I ! Vi
scg
sity
index
=
50
I Vi
scos
ity
index
=
95
grad
e 1
mm
z/s
at
1
40
“C
mm
2/s
at
20
“C
mm
2/s
at
mm
+ at
i
I m
m%
at
I
mm
+ at
m
m2ls
at
37
,8
“C
mm
2/s
at
20
“C
1 50
“C
m
m%
at
1
mm
2!s
at
20
“C
! IS
0 ‘JG
2
f 1.
98
to
2,42
1
i2.82
to
33
67)
(2,0
5 to
2,
52)
(1.6
9 to
2.
03)
IS0
VG
3 2.
88
to
3.52
/
J,‘4
to
5,
06
i id,
60
to
5.99
) (3
.02
t0
3,71
) i
IS0
VG
5 (2
,37
to
2.83
) /
j ;:7
,39
to
9.60
) / /
($38
to
5.
38)
1 !3
,27
to
3,91
)
IS0
VG
7 6,
12
to
7.48
’
I
is0
VG
10
! 1
(12.
3 to
?6
.0)
1 {,6
,55
to
8.05
)
iSO
‘/‘G
15
j
9,oo
to
11
.0
j Z0
.2
to
25.9
j
9.73
to
12
.0
‘3.5
to
16.5
33
.5
to
43.0
’
i j
‘4.7
to
?8,1
I
IS0
VG
22
j 19
.8
to
24.2
1
54.2
to
69
.8
1 21
.8
to
26.8
/
‘3,3
to
16.0
I
51.0
to
65
.8
IS0
VG
32
28,8
to
35
,2
I 87
.7
to
115
32.0
to
39
,4
18,6
to
22
,2
82,6
to
10
8 31
.9
to
39.2
IS
0 ‘JG
46
19
,0
to
22.6
76
.9
to
98.7
’
&-I
to
50.6
‘44
to
18
9 i
46.6
to
57
,4
I /
l 25
,5
to
30,3
j
133
to
172
J6,3
to
j
56,9
j
26,l
to
31.3
12
0to
153
45,9
to
56
,3
27.0
to
32
,5
1
IS0
‘JG
68
61.2
to
74
,s 24
2to
315
1 69
.8
to
85,8
35
.9
to
42.8
/
219
to
283
69.2
to
85
.0
Xl
to
44.-t
19
3to
244
I iS
O
VG
100
68,4
83
,9
to
38,7
te
46
.6
’ 40
2to
520
104t
o 12
7 j
I so
,4
to
60,3
1
356
to
454
103
to
‘26
52,4
to
63
,O
303
to
383
101
to
124
IS0
VG
150
j ,
55,3
to
66
.6
135t
o 16
5 67
2 to
86
2 1
157t
o 19
4 72
,5
to
86,9
58
3 to
74
3 15
5 to
19
1 !
75.9
to
91
,2
186t
o 61
4 ’ I
153t
o 18
8 80
,6
to
97,’
IS0
‘“‘G
33
0
IS0
VG
ii0
j 19
8to2
42
/ 1
080
to
i 39
0 /
233
to
286
/ 1
102
t0
i23
927
to
1 18
0 23
0 to
28
2 i08
to
129
761
to
964
226
to
277
115
to
‘38
288
to
352
i j ‘72
0 to
22
10
1 33
1 to
41
9 ’
‘44
to
172
i 1
460
to
1 87
0 j
337t
o 41
4 ‘5
’ to
18
2 ‘18
0to
‘500
331
to40
6 16
3 to
19
6 iS
O
'JG
460
/ J1
4to
506
2700
to
3480
39
5 to
60
8 19
9to
239
I 22
90to
29
30
488
to
1 59
9 21
oto
252
I ‘81
0 to
23
00
478
to
587
1 I 22
8 to
27
4 , I
I !S
O
:+.‘G
$80
1
,;‘2
:CJ 7
18
j 28
3 to
33
9 j
3700
to
4740
72
8 to
89
4 30
0 to
36
0 1
2880
to
36
50
1 71
2 to
87
4 IS
0 VG
1 C
OO
:
326
to
393
3oo:
o 11
00
: ;‘1
70
to
I ’
9230
1
loot0
13
50
-toot
0 47
9 ! i
5960
10
764
0 ‘08
0 to
‘33
0 1
425
to
509
i 15
50to
57I3
0 10
50to
12
90
j 46
6 to
56
0 iS
OVG
15
00
j 13
5Oto
!E
50
i 57
5 to
68
8 98
50
to
1260
0 ‘64
0 to
20
10
j 81
3 to
73
4 1
7390
to
9400
‘59
0 to
19
60
1 /
1 67
6 to
81
2 I
! :
: I
ISO
'JG
2200
* 3
80
!o
2 -1
20
?940
0to2
5200
1
2460
to30
20
f I 81
0 to
97
0 15
900t
o 20
400
2420
to
29
70
! :S
65to
i 0
40
/ 11
710t
o 15
300
2350
to
28
90
I 95
0 to
1
150
iSO
VG
3200
I
L380
?0
2520
31
18
0 to
40
300
I /
3610
to
-I4
35
[ 11
30
to
1355
,
/ 25
360
to
32
600
1 3
350
to
4 36
0 j
1210
to
1150
18
450
to
24
500
34
50
to
4260
13
50
to
i 620
/
I t
1
NOTE
-
Valu
es
in
pare
nthe
ses
have
be
en
deriv
ed
by e
xtra
pola
tion
and
are
appr
oxim
ate.
©ESA
ES ISO3448 :2005(E)
ES ISO3448:20m
05(2012)
4
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