Post on 08-Mar-2016
description
Dr. George Gougoulidis
En
erg
y s
ecu
rity
Not limited to oil storage facilities
Operate during crisis (economic and
geopolitical)
High degree of readiness
Flexibility in strategic planning
Decreasing exposure
legislative issues
foreign fuel availability
price volatility
international embargos
Energy efficiency
Energy independence
Royal Navy Green Ship Challenge
18% reduction by 2020 of fossil fuel consumption compared to a 2010 baseline
Measures considered:
technology
alternatives to fossil fuels
behavioral measures
US Navy Great Green Fleet Use of alternative sources of energy, including
nuclear power, as well as a series of energy saving measures
First demonstration in 2012
Voyage Planning Optimized trim Cold ironing Hull and propeller maintenance Machinery maintenance (Condition based
maintenance) Behavioral measures
Voyage planning includes:
Weather routing
Speed optimization
Just-in-time
Turnaround time in port
A variety of available software in the market Navies can make use of their own satellites,
meteorological stations, etc.
Trim has an immediate effect on resistance
Several systems in the market Naval combatants do not
have large disposable loads Minimal trim margins
The provision of shoreside electrical power to a ship at berth while its auxiliary engines are shut down
Hull Regular in-water inspection of the condition of the
hull
Monitoring of the fouling
Monitoring of the coatings condition
Cleaning of the hull when required
Docking intervals planning Propeller Use divers to polish the propeller in regular intervals
while ship is in-service
Speed profile of DDG-51
Speed profile of FFG-7
Hard Fouling on an S-type Frigate
Installation of torque meters power measurements compared to baseline values
Low limit: 18% increase in shaft power @13 kt High limit: 30% increase in shaft power @13 kt Monthly measurements compared to
annually published trigger values If measurements exceed the trigger value, 2
additional @ 8 and 18 kt Cleaning performed when the cost can be
recouped in 3 months
Essential to clean both at regular intervals If partial cleaning, then follow the order:
propellers fwd 1/3 of the hull after 2/3 of the hull
Buffing instead of propeller polishing
Follow manufacturers instructions on maintenance schedule
Condition based maintenance
Maintenance is performed based on information received by the equipment and on evaluation of this information by experts
Persuade the personnel of the necessity of energy savings
Create a culture of fuel saving, with an incentive or bonus based on fuel savings
Alter the routine Shut down AC Plant when the weather is good
and use only the blowers Switch off lights in areas such as cabins,
recreation rooms, mess rooms, etc. when not required
Hydrodynamics Bulbous bow
Stern flaps and wedges
Other ESDs CLT propellers
Propeller Boss-Cap Fins
Integration of the rudder with the hub cap
Coatings Machinery Alternative fuels
MEKO 200 HN with no bulb at the bow
MEKO A200 SA with a bulb at the bow
Retrofit Bow Bulb on a USN DDG-51 model
US Navy research in the 90s
Integration of the sonar dome into the bulb
4% fuel reduction 200 million USD life-cycle
fuel savings if bulbs fitted on 50 DDG-51
USS KEARSARGE LHD 3 USS WHIDBEY ISLAND LSD 41
USS PORT ROYAL CG73 HMS IRON DUKE
Spanish Navy BAM Meteor
Savings 3-6% for single screw Savings 2-5% for twin screw
Integration of rudder and propeller
Savings 2-9%
Hellenic Navy tugboat built in 1943
AF coatings
Biocidal
CDP
SPC
Hybrid
Non- biocidal
Foul Release
STC
USS Gunsotn Hall (LSD 44) with coated propeller
After 3 years in the water with CDP
After 12 years in the water with FRC
Large number of mechanical and electromechanical systems onboard
Usually main focus goes to the engines Commercial vessels: 2-stroke, slow-speed
diesel engines Naval vessels: medium-, or high-speed 4-
stroke diesel engines, and gas turbines
USS Truxtun, the first DDG-51 ship to be fitted with HED
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Biofuels Methanol Glycerol Hydrogen
Include a wide range of alternative fuels produced by biomass, or bio waste
Mostly used as blends with conventional fuels Most common blend Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
(FAME) 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels cost 4 times more
than F-76 fuel US Navy and USDA "Farm-to-Fleet" venture Great Green Fleet demonstration in 2012
Type 214 submarine of the Hellenic Navy
Naval ships are energy intensive systems
Plethora of available measures
Limitations such as weight and space have to be considered
Operational limitations
Jevons paradox: As efficiency improved, we used more energy
NMIOTC - NATO Maritime Interdiction Operational Training Centre - Greece
Dr. George Gougoulidis, Lieutenant Commander, Hellenic Navy