Dr. George Gougoulidis

En

erg

y s

ecu

rity

Not limited to oil storage facilities

Operate during crisis (economic and

geopolitical)

High degree of readiness

Flexibility in strategic planning

Decreasing exposure

legislative issues

foreign fuel availability

price volatility

international embargos

Energy efficiency

Energy independence

Royal Navy Green Ship Challenge

18% reduction by 2020 of fossil fuel consumption compared to a 2010 baseline

Measures considered:

technology

alternatives to fossil fuels

behavioral measures

US Navy Great Green Fleet Use of alternative sources of energy, including

nuclear power, as well as a series of energy saving measures

First demonstration in 2012

Voyage Planning Optimized trim Cold ironing Hull and propeller maintenance Machinery maintenance (Condition based

maintenance) Behavioral measures

Voyage planning includes:

Weather routing

Speed optimization

Just-in-time

Turnaround time in port

A variety of available software in the market Navies can make use of their own satellites,

meteorological stations, etc.

Trim has an immediate effect on resistance

Several systems in the market Naval combatants do not

have large disposable loads Minimal trim margins

The provision of shoreside electrical power to a ship at berth while its auxiliary engines are shut down

Hull Regular in-water inspection of the condition of the

hull

Monitoring of the fouling

Monitoring of the coatings condition

Cleaning of the hull when required

Docking intervals planning Propeller Use divers to polish the propeller in regular intervals

while ship is in-service

Speed profile of DDG-51

Speed profile of FFG-7

Hard Fouling on an S-type Frigate

Installation of torque meters power measurements compared to baseline values

Low limit: 18% increase in shaft power @13 kt High limit: 30% increase in shaft power @13 kt Monthly measurements compared to

annually published trigger values If measurements exceed the trigger value, 2

additional @ 8 and 18 kt Cleaning performed when the cost can be

recouped in 3 months

Essential to clean both at regular intervals If partial cleaning, then follow the order:

propellers fwd 1/3 of the hull after 2/3 of the hull

Buffing instead of propeller polishing

Follow manufacturers instructions on maintenance schedule

Condition based maintenance

Maintenance is performed based on information received by the equipment and on evaluation of this information by experts

Persuade the personnel of the necessity of energy savings

Create a culture of fuel saving, with an incentive or bonus based on fuel savings

Alter the routine Shut down AC Plant when the weather is good

and use only the blowers Switch off lights in areas such as cabins,

recreation rooms, mess rooms, etc. when not required

Hydrodynamics Bulbous bow

Stern flaps and wedges

Other ESDs CLT propellers

Propeller Boss-Cap Fins

Integration of the rudder with the hub cap

Coatings Machinery Alternative fuels

MEKO 200 HN with no bulb at the bow

MEKO A200 SA with a bulb at the bow

Retrofit Bow Bulb on a USN DDG-51 model

US Navy research in the 90s

Integration of the sonar dome into the bulb

4% fuel reduction 200 million USD life-cycle

fuel savings if bulbs fitted on 50 DDG-51

USS KEARSARGE LHD 3 USS WHIDBEY ISLAND LSD 41

USS PORT ROYAL CG73 HMS IRON DUKE

Spanish Navy BAM Meteor

Savings 3-6% for single screw Savings 2-5% for twin screw

Integration of rudder and propeller

Savings 2-9%

Hellenic Navy tugboat built in 1943

AF coatings

Biocidal

CDP

SPC

Hybrid

Non- biocidal

Foul Release

STC

USS Gunsotn Hall (LSD 44) with coated propeller

After 3 years in the water with CDP

After 12 years in the water with FRC

Large number of mechanical and electromechanical systems onboard

Usually main focus goes to the engines Commercial vessels: 2-stroke, slow-speed

diesel engines Naval vessels: medium-, or high-speed 4-

stroke diesel engines, and gas turbines

USS Truxtun, the first DDG-51 ship to be fitted with HED

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Biofuels Methanol Glycerol Hydrogen

Include a wide range of alternative fuels produced by biomass, or bio waste

Mostly used as blends with conventional fuels Most common blend Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

(FAME) 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels cost 4 times more

than F-76 fuel US Navy and USDA "Farm-to-Fleet" venture Great Green Fleet demonstration in 2012

Type 214 submarine of the Hellenic Navy

Naval ships are energy intensive systems

Plethora of available measures

Limitations such as weight and space have to be considered

Operational limitations

Jevons paradox: As efficiency improved, we used more energy

NMIOTC - NATO Maritime Interdiction Operational Training Centre - Greece

Dr. George Gougoulidis, Lieutenant Commander, Hellenic Navy