Post on 27-Dec-2015
Energy Generation Energy Generation via Existing Water via Existing Water
FlowFlow
By: Cathy Chwastek , John By: Cathy Chwastek , John Martino, Nikita Byalsky , and Martino, Nikita Byalsky , and
Henry Blum Henry Blum
What will be discussed:What will be discussed:
Problem BackgroundProblem Background Potential solutionsPotential solutions Our proposed solutionOur proposed solution Assumptions/ConcernsAssumptions/Concerns Recommendations for Future WorkRecommendations for Future Work ReferencesReferences Q & AQ & A
Growing Concerns:Growing Concerns:
Fossil fuels are depleting.Fossil fuels are depleting. 35.2% of world’s power derived from oil.35.2% of world’s power derived from oil.
Oil prices soaring.Oil prices soaring. Estimated $4.00 per gallon.Estimated $4.00 per gallon.
Need for renewable energy sources.Need for renewable energy sources. Another finite solution will eventually Another finite solution will eventually
lead to the same problem.lead to the same problem.
Industrial Ecology, Second Edition
Adapting New Ideas:Adapting New Ideas:
Earth-friendly energy sources.Earth-friendly energy sources. Environmental standpoint.Environmental standpoint.
Few solutions utilize resources Few solutions utilize resources naturally consumed every day.naturally consumed every day. ““From thin air”From thin air” InexpensiveInexpensive
Bringing it all together.Bringing it all together.
Current Sources:Current Sources:Fuel
SourceProblems
Oil Global warming; air pollution by vehicles; acid rain; oil spills; oil rig accidents
NaturalGas
Global warming; pipe leakage; methane explosions
CoalGlobal warming; environmental spoliation by open-cast mining; land subsidence due to deep
mining; spoil heaps; groundwater pollution; acid rain
NuclearPower
Global warming (despite what they say); radioactivity (routine release, risk of accident, waste disposal); misuse of fissile material by terrorists; spread of nuclear weapons
BiomassEffect of landscape of and biodiversity; groundwater pollution due to fertilizers; use of
scarce water; competition with food production
Hydro-Electric
Displacement of populations; effect on rivers and groundwater; dams (visual intrusion and risk of accident); seismic effects; downstream effects on agriculture
WindPower
Noise; visual intrusion in sensitive landscapes; bird strikes; TV interference
Tidal Power
Destruction of wildlife habitat; reduced dispersal of effluents
Geo-Thermal
Release of polluting gases (SO2, H2S, etc); groundwater pollution by chemicals including heavy metals; seismic effects
SolarEnergy
Sequestration of large land areas; use of toxic materials in manufacture of PV cells; visual intrusion in both rural and urban environments
http://wolf.readinglitho.co.uk/mainpages/altenergy.html
AlternativesAlternatives
Solar PanelsSolar Panels
WindmillsWindmills
Exercise BikesExercise Bikes
www.dbrooke.org.uk
www.newmediaexplorer.org
www.engadget.com
Hydro PowerHydro Power
Generate energy via turbines in Generate energy via turbines in water pipeswater pipes
Utilizing existing water flowUtilizing existing water flow Currently untapped resourceCurrently untapped resource Same concept as water dams Same concept as water dams
but on a smaller scalebut on a smaller scale
www.originenergy.com.au/?pageid=1710
www.waterwheelfactory.com/Turbine/
Pelton Turbine
High efficiency of 80-90%High efficiency of 80-90%
High water pressure from the High water pressure from the main water linemain water line
Turbine can act as a pressure Turbine can act as a pressure regulatorregulator
System DiagramSystem Diagram
Venturi Effect
Pressure will drop Pressure will drop significantly; Venturi effect significantly; Venturi effect will be implementedwill be implemented
Piping will narrow thus causing the Venturi Piping will narrow thus causing the Venturi effect which will cause a suction to occur and effect which will cause a suction to occur and pull the water through the pipespull the water through the pipes
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
EquationsEquations Power Power P= ½ ρQvP= ½ ρQv22
Density ρ = 1g/cmDensity ρ = 1g/cm33 = 1000kg/m = 1000kg/m33
Volume flow rate Q = A * v = πrVolume flow rate Q = A * v = πr22 * v * v
P = ½ ρAvP = ½ ρAv33 = ½ ρπr = ½ ρπr22vv33
Static pressure p = 50psi = 344.74kPaStatic pressure p = 50psi = 344.74kPa
Velocity v = Velocity v = √√(2*p / ρ)(2*p / ρ)
P = ½ ρπrP = ½ ρπr22(2p/ρ)(2p/ρ)3/23/2
ρ = 1000kg/mρ = 1000kg/m33, p = 344.74kPa, r = 2in = .0508m, p = 344.74kPa, r = 2in = .0508m
P =P = ½(1000kg/m½(1000kg/m33)π(.0508m))π(.0508m)22(2(344.74*10(2(344.74*1033Pa)/(1000kg/mPa)/(1000kg/m33))))3/23/2
P = 7.34*10P = 7.34*104 4 Watts = 7.34*10Watts = 7.34*104 4 Joules/secondJoules/second
80% efficiency = 58.72kW80% efficiency = 58.72kW
CostCost 20 floors * 10 apartments/floor * 300 gallons/apartment = 20 floors * 10 apartments/floor * 300 gallons/apartment =
60,000 gal60,000 gal
$1500-2000 per turbine$1500-2000 per turbine
$0.0986/kWh electricity$0.0986/kWh electricity
kWh is (1000 J/s)*(3600 s) = 3,600,000 JkWh is (1000 J/s)*(3600 s) = 3,600,000 J
Q = 56.237 gal/sQ = 56.237 gal/s 58,720 J/s / 56.237 gal/s = 1044 J/gal58,720 J/s / 56.237 gal/s = 1044 J/gal 1044 J/gal * 60,000 gal = 62,640,000 J in a day per apartment1044 J/gal * 60,000 gal = 62,640,000 J in a day per apartment
62,640,000 J /3,600,000 J = 17.4 kWh62,640,000 J /3,600,000 J = 17.4 kWh 17.4 kWh * $0.0986/kWh = $1.7217.4 kWh * $0.0986/kWh = $1.72 $2000 / $1.72/day = 1162 days$2000 / $1.72/day = 1162 days 1162 days / 365 days/year =1162 days / 365 days/year =3.2 years3.2 years
US average March 2006
AssumptionsAssumptions
Efficiency estimationEfficiency estimation Pressure lossPressure loss Pricing Estimation Pricing Estimation
(www.canyonhydro.com)(www.canyonhydro.com)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/Water_Turbine_Chart.png
Ethical/Environmental Ethical/Environmental ConcernsConcerns
Infection of waterInfection of water Cleaning of turbine before useCleaning of turbine before use Using materials that will not affect the Using materials that will not affect the
waterwater Recycling the turbine after useRecycling the turbine after use
Recommendations for Recommendations for Future WorkFuture Work
Areas of Focus for ImprovementAreas of Focus for Improvement Individual parts:Individual parts:
AC electrical power generatorAC electrical power generator TurbineTurbine MaterialsMaterials
Adapting for Alternate ScenariosAdapting for Alternate Scenarios HousesHouses FactoriesFactories Office complexesOffice complexes StadiumsStadiums
Recommendations for Recommendations for Future WorkFuture Work
Areas of Focus for InvestigationAreas of Focus for Investigation Improved Design for MaintenanceImproved Design for Maintenance
Goal: Ability to perform maintenance without Goal: Ability to perform maintenance without turning off water or dismantle plumbingturning off water or dismantle plumbing
Backup Power InfrastructureBackup Power Infrastructure Inspiration: Although blackouts occur, the Inspiration: Although blackouts occur, the
water distribution system is able to continue water distribution system is able to continue to provide waterto provide water
Goal: During a blackout, provide electrical Goal: During a blackout, provide electrical power from water system, at least for critical power from water system, at least for critical power needs (e.g. elevators, security systems, power needs (e.g. elevators, security systems, etc.)etc.)
ReferencesReferences http://www.waterwheelfactory.com/Pelton.htmhttp://www.waterwheelfactory.com/Pelton.htm
http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/fluids/turbine.htmhttp://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/fluids/turbine.htm
http://www.aspe.org/xcart/product.php?productid=70http://www.aspe.org/xcart/product.php?productid=70
http://home.honolulu.hawaii.edu/~jkemmler/chapter2.htmhttp://home.honolulu.hawaii.edu/~jkemmler/chapter2.htm
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/bernouilli-equation-d_183.htmlhttp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/bernouilli-equation-d_183.html
http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/cost.htmlhttp://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/cost.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/fluids/imgflu/venturi.gifhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/fluids/imgflu/venturi.gif
www.originenergy.com.au/?pageid=1710 www.originenergy.com.au/?pageid=1710
Thank You!Thank You!
This presentation made This presentation made possible by: Dr. Wan Y Shih, possible by: Dr. Wan Y Shih,
Dr. Todd Doehring, and Dr. Todd Doehring, and Richard Rajauski. Thank you Richard Rajauski. Thank you
for your aid and support.for your aid and support.
Q & AQ & A