Post on 04-Jan-2016
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ENERGI TERBARUKAN
Dr. Ir. Agus Haryanto, M.PPS. Keteknikan Pertanian
Universitas Lampung2009
ENERGY CHALLENGES
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ENERGY CHALLENGES
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ENERGY CHALLENGES
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BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
World primary energy consumption
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Regional primary energy consumption pattern 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Primary energy consumption per capita
World Energy Demand
World Energy Demand (by type)
Consumption Growth
World Energy Demand (by region)
Driving force 1
Driving force 2 : Population
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Map of proved oil reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Distribution of proved (oil) reserves 1986, 1996 and 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil production by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil consumption by area
Consumption growth
• Global oil consumption grew by 1.1% in 2007. Consumption growth was robust in oil-exporting countries.
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Crude oil prices since 1861
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Major oil trade movements
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Proved natural gas reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Distribution of proved (natural gas) reserves 1986, 1996 and 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas production by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Natural gas consumption per capita
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Major natural gas trade movements
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Coal section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Proved coal reserves at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Coal production – Coal consumption
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Fossil fuel reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios at end 2006
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Nuclear energy section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Nuclear energy consumption by area
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Hydroelectricity section
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Hydroelectricity consumption by area
Solar electricity capacity
Growth averaged 42% pa over the past 10 years – at that rate solar capacity doubles every two years.
Solar electricity capacity
Megawatts 2006 2007 2008
US 624.0 830.5 1172.5
North America 664.2 877.0 1226.7
Germany 2863.0 3998.0 5498.0
Spain 118.2 630.2 3291.2
Europe 3220.4 4999.6 9614.9
Jepang 1708.5 1918.9 2148.9
Total Others 1814.9 2080.8 2603.3
Total 5699.5 7957.4 13444.9
Geothermal• The slowest growing renewable energy in 2008. • Geothermal capacity grew by 4.2% (422 MW) in
2008, to reach 10.4 GW. • New plants coming on stream in the US, Iceland,
Indonesia, New Zealand, Turkey and Kenya. • The US has the largest geothermal capacity (3
GW or 28.6% of the world total), followed by the Philippines (2GW), Mexico and Indonesia (1 GW each).
Geothermal capacity
Megawatts 2006 2007 2008
US 2830.7 2936.5 2998.5
Philippines 1978.0 1978.0 1978.0
Indonesia 872.5 982.5 1042.5
Mexico 959.5 959.5 964.5
Italy 810.5 810.5 810.5
New Zealand 434.0 471.6 586.6
Kenya 422.1 485.5 573.0
Total 9675.3 10045.5 10469.7
WIND ENERGY
Wind capacity
Megawatts 2006 2007 2008
US 11635 16879 25237
Germany 20652 22277 23933
Spain 11614 14714 16543
China 2588 5875 12121
India 6228 7845 9655
Total 74306 94005 122158
ETHANOL ENERGY
BIODIESEL ENERGY (US)
BIODIESEL ENERGY (WORLD)
Decarbonization