Post on 09-Oct-2020
COURSE HAND-OUT
B.TECH. - SEMESTER VI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 2
RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (RSET)
VISION
TO EVOLVE INTO A PREMIER TECHNOLOGICAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTION,
MOULDING EMINENT PROFESSIONALS WITH CREATIVE MINDS, INNOVATIVE
IDEAS AND SOUND PRACTICAL SKILL, AND TO SHAPE A FUTURE WHERE
TECHNOLOGY WORKS FOR THE ENRICHMENT OF MANKIND
MISSION
TO IMPART STATE-OF-THE-ART KNOWLEDGE TO INDIVIDUALS IN VARIOUS
TECHNOLOGICAL DISCIPLINES AND TO INCULCATE IN THEM A HIGH DEGREE
OF SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND HUMAN VALUES, THEREBY ENABLING
THEM TO FACE THE CHALLENGES OF LIFE WITH COURAGE AND CONVICTION
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 3
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (EC), RSET
VISION
TO EVOLVE INTO A CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, MOULDING PROFESSIONALS HAVING
INQUISITIVE, INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE MINDS WITH SOUND PRACTICAL
SKILLS WHO CAN STRIVE FOR THE BETTERMENT OF MANKIND
MISSION
TO IMPART STATE-OF-THE-ART KNOWLEDGE TO STUDENTS IN ELECTRONICS
AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND TO INCULCATE IN THEM A HIGH
DEGREE OF SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND A SENSE OF HUMAN VALUES,
THEREBY ENABLING THEM TO FACE CHALLENGES WITH COURAGE AND
CONVICTION
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 4
B.TECH PROGRAMME
PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Graduates shall have sound knowledge of the fundamental and advanced concepts of
electronics and communication engineering to analyze, design, develop and
implement electronic systems or equipment.
2. Graduates shall apply their knowledge and skills in industrial, academic or research
career with creativity, commitment and social consciousness.
3. Graduates shall work in a team as a member or leader and adapt to the changes taking
place in their field through sustained learning.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
Graduates will be able to
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, Engineering
fundamentals, and Electronics and Communication Engineering to the solution of
complex Engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and Engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex Engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
Engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The Engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional Engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
Engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and the need for sustainable developments.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the Engineering practice.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 5
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex Engineering activities with
the Engineering Community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
Engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi disciplinary
environments.
12. Life -long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life- long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
Programme-Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
Engineering graduates will be able to:
1. demonstrate their skills in designing, implementing and testing analogue and digital
electronic circuits, including microprocessor systems, for signal processing,
communication, networking, VLSI and embedded systems applications;
2. apply their knowledge and skills to conduct experiments and develop applications
using electronic design automation (EDA) tools;
3. demonstrate a sense of professional ethics, recognize the importance of continued
learning, and be able to carry out their professional and entrepreneurial
responsibilities in electronics engineering field giving due consideration to
environment protection and sustainability.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 6
INDEX
1. Semester Plan 7
2. Assignment Schedule 8
3. Scheme 9
4. Digital Communication Techniques 10
4.1. Course Information Sheet 11
4.2. Course Plan 13
4.3. Sample Questions 17
5. Digital Signal Processing 19
5.1. Course Information Sheet 20
5.2. Course Plan 22
5.3. Sample Questions 25
6. Radiation and Propagation 28
6.1. Course Information Sheet 29
6.2. Course Plan 31
6.3. Sample Questions 34
7. Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing 36
7.1. Course Information Sheet 37
7.2. Course Plan 39
7.3. Sample Questions 42
8. Microcontrollers and Applications 44
8.1. Course Information Sheet 45
8.2. Course Plan 47
8.3. Sample Questions 49
9. Medical Electronics 51
9.1. Course Information Sheet 52
9.2. Course Plan 54
9.3. Sample Questions 57
10. Television and Radar Engineering 59
10.1. Course Information Sheet 60
10.2. Course Plan 62
10.3. Sample Questions 65
11. Microprocessor and Microcontroller Lab 67
11.1. Course Information Sheet 68
11.2. Course Plan 70
11.3. Sample Questions 71
12. Mini Project Lab 72
12.1. Course Information Sheet 73
12.2. Course Plan 75
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 7
1. SEMESTER PLAN
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 8
2. ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE
Week Assignment 1 Assignment 2
4 EC010 601 EC010 602
5 EC010 603 EC010 604
6 EC010 605 EC010 606L04/ EC010 606L06
7 EC010 601 EC010 602
8 EC010 603 EC010 604
9 EC010 605 EC010 606L04/ EC010 606L06
10 EC010 601 EC010 602
11 EC010 603 EC010 604
12 EC010 605 EC010 606L04/ EC010 606L06
13 EC010 601 EC010 602
14 EC010 603 EC010 604
15 EC010 605 EC010 606L04/ EC010 606L06
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 9
3. SCHEME: B.TECH 6th SEMESTER
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)
Mahatma Gandhi University Revised Scheme for B.Tech Syllabus Revision 2010
Code Subject
Hours/Week
Marks End-
Sem
duration
Credits
L T P/
D Internal
End-
Sem
EC010 601
Digital
Communication
Techniques
2 2 - 50 100 3 4
EC010 602 Digital Signal
Processing 2 2 - 50 100 3 4
EC010 603 Radiation and
Propagation 3 1 - 50 100 3 4
EC010 604
Computer
Architecture and
Parallel
Processing
3 1 - 50 100 3 4
EC010 605
Microcontrollers
and
Applications
3 1 - 50 100 3 4
EC010
606Lxx Elective I 3 1 - 50 100 3 4
EC010 607
Microprocessor
and
Microcontroller
Lab
- - 3 50 100 3 2
EC010 608 Mini Project Lab - - 3 50 100 3 2
Total 16 8 6 28
Elective I
EC010 606L01 – Data Structures and Algorithms
EC010 606L02 – Data Base Management Systems
EC010 606L03 – High Speed Digital Design
EC010 606L04 – Medical Electronics
EC010 606L05 – Soft Computing Techniques
EC010 606L06 – Television and Radar Engineering
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 10
4.
EC010 601
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
4.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 11
COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES SEMESTER: VI CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: EC010 601 REGULATION: 2010
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: COMMUNICATION CONTACT HOURS: 2+2 (Tutorial) hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): EC010 707 LAB COURSE NAME: ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB
SYLLABUS: UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I Random Signal Theory: Random process: stationarity,ergodicity, mean, auto
correlation, cross correlation, covariance, random process transmission
through linear filters, power spectral density, cross correlation functions,
cross spectral densities, Gaussian process, Discrete Time Random Process,
White Process
Signal Space Representation of Waveforms: Vector Space Concept, Signal
Space Concepts, Orthogonal Expansion, Gram- Schmidt Orthogonalization
Procedure.
12
II Detection and Estimation: Model of digital communication system, response
of bank of correlators to noisy input. Detection of known signals in noise:-
ML Receiver. Probability of error calculation, erf, Correlation Receiver,
Matched Filter Receiver, properties, detection of signals with unknown
phase in noise, Estimation concepts: ML Estimate.
12
III Pulse Modulation Techniques: Sampling and pulse modulation: Sampling
theorem, Ideal sampling and reconstruction, practical sampling and Aliasing,
PAM, PWM, PPM, Quantizing, Quantization Noise, Companding, PCM
generation and reconstruction, DPCM, Delta Modulation, Adaptive Delta
Modulation, digital multiplexing.
12
IV Baseband shaping for Data Transmission: Binary signaling format, Inter
Symbol Interference, Nyquist criterion for distortion less base band binary
transmission: Ideal solution, practical solution, correlative coding:
Duobinary signaling, modified duobinary, generalized form of correlative
coding, eye pattern, equalization ,adaptive equalization, synchronization
techniques: bit synchronization, frame synchronization.
12
V Bandpass Digital Transmission: Digital CW Modulation: ASK, BFSK,
BPSK, MSK, Coherent binary system, timing and synchronization, Non
coherent binary system, Differentially coherent PSK, Quadrature carrier and
M-ary systems: quadrature carrier system, MPSK, M-ary QAM, Trellis
coded modulation.
12
TOTAL HOURS 60
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS: T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1 Simon Haykin , Introduction To Analog And Digital Communications, Wiley India
Edition 2 Proakis& Salehi, Digital Communications, Mc Graw Hill International Edition. 3 Herbert Taub, Schilling Donald L.,“Principles of Communication Systems,3rd e/d, Tata
Mc Graw Hill,2007. 4 Carlson, Crilly, Rutledge, “Communication Systems” 4th Edition, McGraw Hill
5 Simon Haykin , Digital Communications, Wiley India Edition
6 Sklar,Kumar Ray, Digital Communications, Pearson Education
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 12
7 Glover,Grant, Digital Communications, Pearson Education COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC010 301 Mathematics Probability theory III
COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1 To use random signal theory and vector space concepts for the analysis of base band data
transmission system. 2 To understand the various detection methods and estimation of the digital signals. 3 To study pulse modulation and discuss the process of sampling, quantization and coding that are
fundamental to the digital transmission of analog signals. 4 To gain Knowledge about ISI effects, synchronization techniques and Baseband shaping
for Data Transmission. 5 To gain Knowledge about various shift keying techniques like BPSK, BFSK, MSK are used for the
transmission of digital signals. COURSE OUTCOMES: S
NO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering to the analysis
and design of communication systems
a,b,c,e
2 Ability to analyze various detection related problems in digital communication
systems.
a.b,c,e,k
3 Design and conduct experiments for testing digital communication circuits and
systems.
b,c,e
4 Design digital communication circuits and systems to meet predefined specifications. a,b,c,e
5 Identify, formulate and solve digital communication circuits and systems problems. b,c,e,k
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS: SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Estimation theory ASSIGNMENT
2 Design of optimum receiver ASSIGNMENT
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Transmitter and receiver design
2 Error control coding
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 nptel.iitm.ac.in
2 ocw.mit.edu
3 www.utexas.edu
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES: ☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐ WEB RESOURCES
☐ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT ☐ ASSIGNMENTS STUD. SEMINARS ☐ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☐ UNIV. EXAMINATION
STUD. LAB PRACTICES STUD. VIVA MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS CERTIFICATIONS
ADD-ON COURSES OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT ☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,
ONCE)
☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
(Faculty) (HOD)
S. Santhi Jabarani
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 13
4.2. COURSE PLAN
Hour Module Contents
1 1 Introduction- Syllabus description
2 1 Random Signal Theory: Random process: stationarity,Mean
3 1 Mean, auto correlation, cross correlation,ergodicity
4 1 Covariance, random process transmission through linear filters
5 1 Power spectral density, cross correlation functions
6 1 Tutorial
7 1 Tutorial
8 1 Cross spectral densities, Gaussian process
9 1 Discrete Time Random Process, White Process
10 1 Signal Space Representation of Waveforms: Vector Space Concept
11 1 Tutorial
12 1 Tutorial
13 1 Signal Space Concepts, Orthogonal Expansion
14 1 Gram- Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure
15 2 Detection and Estimation: Model of digital communication system
16 2 Response of bank of correlators to noisy input
17 2 Tutorial
18 2 Tutorial
19 2 Detection of known signals in noise
20 2 ML Receiver. Probability of error calculation, erf
21 2 Correlation Receiver
22 2 Matched Filter Receiver, properties
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 14
23 2 Tutorial
24 2 Tutorial
25 2 Detection of signals with unknown phase in noise
26 2 Estimation concepts
27 2 ML Estimate
28 3 Pulse Modulation Techniques: Sampling and pulse modulation: Sampling
theorem
29 2 Tutorial
30 2 Tutorial
31 3 Ideal sampling and reconstruction, practical sampling and Aliasing
32 3 PAM
32 3 PAM
33 3 PWM, PPM
34 3 Quantizing
35 3 Tutorial
36 3 Tutorial
37 3 Quantization Noise
38 3 Companding
39 3 PCM generation and reconstruction
40 3 DPCM, Delta Modulation
41 3 Tutorial
42 3 Tutorial
43 3 Adaptive Delta Modulation, digital multiplexing
44 4 Baseband shaping for Data Transmission: Binary signaling format
45 4 Inter Symbol Interference
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 15
46 4 Nyquist criterion for distortion less base band binary transmission: Ideal
solution, practical solution
47 4 Tutorial
48 4 Correlative coding: Duobinary signaling, modified duobinary
49 4 Generalized form of correlative coding, eye pattern
50 4 Equalization ,adaptive equalization
51 4 Synchronization techniques: bit synchronization, frame synchronization
52 4 Tutorial
53 4 Tutorial
54 5 Bandpass Digital Transmission: Digital CW Modulation
55 5 ASK
56 5 BFSK
57 5 BPSK
58 5 Tutorial
58 5 Tutorial
59 5 MSK, Coherent binary system, timing and synchronization,
60 5 Non coherent binary system, Differentially coherent PSK
61 5 Quadrature carrier and M-ary systems: quadrature carrier system
62 5 MPSK
63 5 Tutorial
64 5 Tutorial
65 5 M-ary QAM
66 5 Trellis coded modulation
67 5 Revision
68 5 Revision
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 16
69 5 Tutorial
70 4 Tutorial
71 1 Revision
72 2 Revision
73 3 Revision
74 3 Tutorial
75 4 Tutorial
76 4 Revision
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 17
4.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Explain the concept of stationarity.
2. Define ergodicity.
3. What is Wiener – Khintchine- Einstein theorem? Derive the relationship.
4. State and explain the properties of Power spectral density.
5. Explain in detail about Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure.
6. Explain ML detector.
7. Explain with an example the detection of signals with unknown phase in noise. Also
derive the error probability
8. Explain the response of bank of correlators to noisy input.
9. Define maximum likelihood estimate.
10. Explain briefly about maximum likelihood estimation.
11. What is meant by aliasing effect?
12. What are the synchronization problems associated with PAM?
13. Draw the frequency spectrum of a PAM wave.
14. What is stuffing?
15. Explain how the channel capacity of a PCM system can be measured.
16. What is meant by expander.
17. What is meant by nonuniform quantization?
18. What is the use of prediction filter in differential PCM?
19. Differentiate PCD and DM.
20. What is the need for predictor?
21. What is companding? How the companding improves the performance of PCM?
22. With a relevant diagram, describe the operation of Delta sigma modulation.
23. With the help of neat block diagram explain the principle of Adaptive Delta
Modulation.
24. Write notes on TDM and Digital Multiplexers.
25. Explain the principle of linear prediction?
26. Explain in detail the various sources of noise in Delta modulation system.
27. What is an intersymbol interference in an baseband binary PAM system?
28. What is correlative level coding?
29. What is an eye pattern?
30. What is an optimum filter?
31. What are the disadvantages of closed loop bit synchronization?
32. What is called frame synchronization?
33. Draw the block diagram of duo binary encoder and explain.
34. Discuss baseband data transmission with suitable diagram.
35. Explain the binary PAM system with the help of block diagram. Draw the
36. How is modified duobinary coding superior compared to duobinary coding. Explain
with example.
37. Explain the different types of synchronization techniques.
38. Write the expression for bit error rate for coherent binary PSK.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 18
39. When will the SNR becomes maximum in an matched filter?
40. What is meant by coherent receiver?
41. Differentiate coherent and non coherent receiving techniques.
42. What is the difference between FSK and PSK?
43. Draw the correlation receiver structure for coherent receiver scheme
44. Define Matched Filter?
45. Briefly explain how ASK, PSK and FSK signals are generated?
46. Compare different coherent digital modulation schemes based on bandwidth, SNR
and bit error probability.
47. Explain noncoherent ASK receiver.
48. Explain coherent PSK receiver.
49. Discuss in detail the generation, detection, signals space diagram and error probability
of FSK.
50. Derive the probability of Error and power spectra for QPSK and MSK. Compare the
same.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 19
5.
EC010 602
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 20
5.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SEMESTER: 6 CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: EC 010 602 REGULATION :
2010
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: SIGNAL PROCESSING CONTACT HOURS: 2+2 (Tutorial) hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): EC 010 708 LAB COURSE NAME: SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB
SYLLABUS: UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I Advantages of DSP – Review of discrete time signals and systems – Discrete time LTI
systems –Review of DTFT – Existence – Symmetry properties – DTFT theorems –
Frequency response- Review of Z transform – ROC – Properties
Sampling of Continuous time signals – Frequency domain representation of sampling –
Aliasing - Reconstruction of the analog signal from its samples – Discrete time processing
of continuous time signals – Impulse invariance – Changing the sampling rate using
discrete time processing –Sampling rate reduction by an integer factor – Compressor –
Time and frequency domain relations – Sampling rate increase by an integer factor –
Expander – Time and frequency domain relations – Changing the sampling rate by a
rational factor.
12
II Transform analysis of LTI systems – Phase and group delay – Frequency response for
rational
system functions – Frequency response of a single zero and pole – Multiple poles and zeros
-
Relationship between magnitude and phase – All pass systems – Minimum phase systems
–
Linear phase systems – Generalised linear phase – 4 types – Location of zeros.
12
III Structures for discrete time systems – IIR and FIR systems – Block diagram and SFG
representation of difference equations – Basic structures for IIR systems – Direct form –
Cascade form - Parallel form - Transposed forms – Structures for FIR systems – Direct and
Cascade forms - Structures for Linear phase systems – Overview of finite precision
numerical effects in implementing systems
Analog filter design: Filter specification – Butterworth approximation – Pole locations –
Design of analog low pass Butterworth filters – Chebyshev Type 1 approximation – pole
locations – Analog to analog transformations for designing high pass, band pass and band
stop filters.
12
IV Digital filter design: Filter specification – Low pass IIR filter design – Impulse invariant
and
Bilinear transformation methods – Butterworth and Chebyshev – Design of high pass, band
pass and band stop IIR digital filters – Design of FIR filters by windowing – Properties of
commonly used windows – Rectangular, Bartlett, Hanning, Hamming and Kaiser.
12
V The Discrete Fourier Transform - Relation with DTFT – Properties of DFT – Linearity –
Circular shift – Duality – Symmetry properties – Circular convolution – Linear convolution
using the DFT – Linear convolution of two finite length sequences – Linear convolution of
a
finite length sequence with an infinite length sequence – Overlap add and overlap save –
Computation of the DFT – Decimation in time and decimation in frequency FFT – Fourier
analysis of signals using the DFT – Effect of windowing – Resolution and leakage – Effect
of
spectral sampling.
12
TOTAL HOURS 60
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS: T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1. A V Oppenheim, R W Schaffer, Discrete Time Signal Processing , 2nd Edition Pearson Education. 2. S K Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach ,Tata Mc.Graw Hill. 3. L C Ludeman, Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing, Wiley 4. J R Johnson, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall of India
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 21
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC010 403 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS Analysis of continuous time and discrete time signals and
systems
4
EN010 401 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III Fourier series, Fourier Transform, Probability distribution 4
COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1 To study the fundamentals of discrete time system analysis, digital filter design and the DFT.
COURSE OUTCOMES: SNO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 The students will understand the fundamentals of discrete time signals, systems and their
properties.
a, b, d, e
2 The students will understand the basics of digital filter design and the Discrete Fourier Transform. a, b, d, e 3 The mathematical problem solving ability of students get improved. a, b, d,
e, j, k 4 The students will be motivated to apply signal processing to various areas such as speech and
audio processing, image processing, biomedical signal processing, array signal processing etc.
a, b, d,
e, j, k 5 The digital system analyzing and designing skills of students will be improved.
a, b, d,
e, j, k
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS: SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Matlab Simulations are not included in
the syllabus
One day course on Matlab is conducted so that the students
will get the feel of what has happened in the class PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 MATLAB introduction 2 Advanced applications 3 Performance and analyses of systems
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 http:// www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/
2 http:// www.slideshare.net
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐ WEB RESOURCES
☐ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☐ UNIV. EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB PRACTICES ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,
ONCE)
☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS
Prepared by Approved
by:
Rithu James (HOD)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 22
Sreekumar G
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 23
5.2. COURSE PLAN
Hour Module Contents
1 5
Advantages of DSP – Review of discrete time signals and systems –
Discrete time LTI systems – Review of DTFT – Existence – Symmetry
properties
2 5 DTFT theorems – Frequency response- Review of Z transform – ROC –
Properties
3 5 The Discrete Fourier Transform
4 5 The Discrete Fourier Transform -Tutorial Class
5 5 Relation of DFT with DTFT – Properties of DFT
6 5 Linearity – Circular shift – Duality – Symmetry properties
7 5 Circular convolution – Linear convolution using the DFT – Linear
convolution of two finite length sequences
8 5 Tutorial Class
9 5 Linear convolution of a finite length sequence with an infinite length
sequence
10 5 Overlap add and overlap save – Computation of the DFT
11 5 Decimation in time FFT algorithm
12 5 Decimation in frequency FFT algorithm
13 5 Tutorial Class
14 5 Fourier analysis of signals using the DFT – Effect of windowing
15 5 Resolution and leakage – Effect of spectral sampling
16 5 Class test on Module 5
17 3 Structures for discrete time systems – IIR and FIR systems – Block diagram
and SFG representation of difference equations
18 3 Basic structures for IIR systems – Direct form - Cascade form - Parallel
form
19 3 Transposed forms – Structures for FIR systems – Direct and Cascade forms
- Structures for Linear phase systems
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 24
20 3 Tutorial Class
21 3 Overview of finite precision numerical effects in implementing systems
22 3 Analog filter design: Filter specification
23 3 Tutorial Class
24 3 Butterworth approximation – Pole locations – Design of analog low pass
Butterworth filters
25 3 Chebyshev Type 1 approximation – pole locations
26 3 Analog to analog transformations for designing high pass, band pass and
band stop filters
27 3 Tutorial Class
28 3 Class Test on Module 3
29 4 Digital filter design: Filter specification
30 4 Low pass IIR filter design
31 4 Impulse invariant and Bilinear transformation methods
32 4 Butterworth and Chebyshev
33 4 Tutorial Class
34 4 Design of high pass, band pass and band stop IIR digital filters
35 4 Design of FIR filters by windowing
36 4 Properties of commonly used windows
37 4 Rectangular, Bartlett, Hanning, Hamming and Kaiser
38 4 Problem Solving with windows
39 4 Tutorial Class
40 4 Class Test on Module 4
41 1 Sampling of Continuous time signals – Frequency domain representation of
sampling – Aliasing
42 1 Reconstruction of the analog signal from its samples – Discrete time
processing of continuous time signals
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 25
43 1 Tutorial Class
44 1 Impulse invariance – Changing the sampling rate using discrete time
processing – Sampling rate reduction by an integer factor
45 1 Compressor – Time and frequency domain relations
46 1 Time and frequency domain relations – Changing the sampling rate by a
rational factor
47 1 Tutorial Class
48 1 Class Test on Module 1
49 2 Transform analysis of LTI systems
50 2 Phase and group delay
51 2 Frequency response for rational system functions
52 2 Tutorial Class
53 2 Frequency response of a single zero and pole – Multiple poles and zeros
54 2 Frequency response of a single zero and pole – Multiple poles and zeros
55 2 Relationship between magnitude and phase
56 2 All pass systems – Minimum phase systems
57 2 Tutorial Class
58 2 Linear phase systems – Generalised linear phase
59 2 4 types – Location of zeros
60 2 Tutorial Class
61 2 Class Test on Module 2
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 26
5.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. List the advantages and applications of DSP.
2. What are the factors that influence the selection of DSPs.
3. Explain the sampling rate change by integer factor.
4. Explain the sampling rate change by rational factor.
5. Design a system which can reconstruct a bandlimited signal from its samples.
6. Explain the frequency domain illustration of an upsampler.
7. Explain the frequency domain illustration of a downsampler.
8. What is multirate signal processing? With the help of block diagrams and waveforms
explain its application in a CD audio player.
9. With help of necessary equations and waveforms bring out the time and frequency
domain relations of the system which increases the sampling rate by an integer factor.
10. Explain why IIR filter cannot have linear phase.
11. Discuss on the position of zeros of linear phase FIR filter in the Z-plane.
12. With help of necessary equations and waveforms bring out the time and frequency
domain relations of the system which increases the sampling rate by an integer factor.
13. Describe linear phase FIR filter.
14. Discuss on the all pass systems.
15. Plot the log magnitude, phase and group delay of a single zero for a stable LTI system
with the parameters r (the radius of the zero) and θ (the angle of the zero) in the z-
plane.
16. Obtain the order and pole locations for a Chebyshev filter with a maximum passband
attenuation of 2.5dB at ΩP = 20rad/sec and the stopband attenuation of 30dB at
ΩS=50rad/sec.
17. For each of the following system functions HK(z), specify a minimum phase system
function Hmin(z) such that the frequency response magnitudes of the two system
functions are equal, i.e. | HK(ejw) | = | Hmin(ejw) |.
i.
-1
1-1
-1 -1
2-1 -1
-1 -1
3-1 -1
1 2z) (z)
11 z
3
1(1 3z )(1 z )
4) (z)3 4
(1 z )(1 z )4 3
1(1 3z )(1 z )
2) (z)1
z (1 z )3
a H
b H
c H
18. Differentiate IIR filters and FIR filters.
19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filters?
20. List the three well known methods of design technique for IIR filters and explain any
one.
21. Write expression for variance of round-off quantization noise.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 27
22. When zero limit cycle oscillation and Over flow limit cycle oscillation has occur?
23. Why? Scaling is important in Finite word length effect.
24. The output of an A/D is fed through a digital system whose system function is
a. H(Z)=0.6z/z-0.6. Find the output noise power of the digital system=8 bits.
25. A digital system is characterized by the difference equation Y(n)=0.95y(n-
1)+x(n). Determine the dead band of the system when x(n)=0 and y(-1)
=13.
26. Two first order filters are connected in cascaded whose system functions of the
Individual sections are H1(z)=1/(1-0.8z-¹ ) and H2(z)=1/(1-0.9z¹ ). Determine the
Overall output noise power.
27. Design and implement linear phase FIR filter of length N =15 which has following
unit sample sequence H(k) = 1 ; for k = 0, 1, 2, 3
= 0 ; for k =4, 5, 6, 7
28. Convert the analog filter in to a digital filter whose system function is S + 0.2 ,
H(s) = (S + 0.2) 2 + 9. Use Impulse Invariant Transformation. Assume
T=1sec
29. Define pre-warping effect? Why it is employed?
30. Write the expression for Kaiser Window function.
31. Why mapping is needed in the design of digital filters?
32. Apply impulse invariant transformation to H(S) = (S +1) (S + 2) with T =1sec and
find H(z).
33. Explain the procedural steps the design of low pass digital Butterworth filter and list
its properties.
34. List the three well known methods of design technique for IIR filters and explain any
one.
35. Design a low pass filter using rectangular window by taking 9 samples of w(n) and
with a cutoff frequency of 1.2 radians/sec. Using frequency sampling method, design
a band pass FIR filter with the following specification. Sampling frequency Fs =8000
Hz, Cutoff frequency fc1 =1000Hz, fc2=3000Hz.Determine the filter coefficients for
N =7.
36. Determine the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length N =15 which has a
symmetric unit sample response and a frequency response that satisfies the conditions
H (2 _k /15) = 1; for k = 0, 1, 2, 3
37. Design and implement linear phase FIR filter of length N =15 which has following
unit sample sequence H(k) = 1 ; for k = 0, 1, 2, 3
i. = 0 ; for k =4, 5, 6, 7
38. Convert the analog filter in to a digital filter whose system function is S + 0.2 ,H(s) =
(S + 0.2)2 + 9.Use Impulse Invariant Transformation .Assume
T=1sec
39. Find the values of WNk, when N=8, k=2 and also for k=3.
40. Draw the radix-2 FFT–DIT butterfly diagram.
41. What is the necessity of sectioned convolution in signal processing?
42. Define Correlation of the sequence.
43. State any two DFT properties.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 28
44. Why impulse invariant transformation is not a one-to-one mapping?
45. State and prove shifting property of DFT.
46. Derive and draw the radix -2 DIT algorithms for FFT of 8 points.
47. Compute the DFT for the sequence {1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1}. Using radix -2 DIF FFT and
radix -2 DIT- FFT algorithm.
48. Find the output y(n) of a filter whose impulse response is h(n) = {1, 1, 1} and input
signal x(n) = {3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1}. Using Overlap add overlap save
method.
49. In an LTI system the input x(n) = {1, 1, 1}and the impulse response h(n) = {-1,-1} .
Determine the response of LTI system by radix -2 DIT FFT .
50. Find the output y(n) of a filter whose impulse response is h(n) = {1, 1, 1} and input
signal x(n) = {3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1}. Using Overlap save method .
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 29
6.
EC010 603
RADIATION AND PROPAGATION
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 30
6.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: Electronics and Communication
Engineering
DEGREE: B.Tech
COURSE: Radiation and Propagation SEMESTER: 6 CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: EC010 603 REGULATION:
2010
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Communication CONTACT HOURS: 3 hours lecture and 1 hour
tutorial/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF
ANY): Advanced communication Lab
LAB COURSE NAME: EC010 707
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
1. Retarded potentials: Concept of vector potential- Modification for time varying-
retarded case- Fields associated with Hertzian dipole- Power radiated and radiation
resistance of current element-Radiation from half-wave dipole and quarter-wave
monopole antennas.
Antenna Parameters: Introduction, Isotropic radiators, Radiation pattern, Gain -
radiation intensity-Directive gain, Directivity, antenna efficiency- antenna field zones.
Reciprocity theorem & its applications, effective aperture, Effective height, radiation
resistance, terminal impedance, front-to back ratio, antenna beam width, antenna
bandwidth, antenna beam efficiency, antenna beam area or beam solid angle,
polarization, antenna temperature.
13
2 Antenna Arrays: Introduction, various forms of antenna arrays, arrays of point
sources, non isotropic but similar point sources, multiplication of patterns, arrays of n-
isotropic point sources, Grating lobes, Properties and Design of Broadside, Endfire,
Binomial and Dolph Chebyshev arrays, Phased arrays, Frequency- Scanning arrays-
Adaptive arrays and Smart antennas.
13
3 Antenna Types:- Horizontal and Vertical Antennas above the ground plane. Loop
Antennas: Radiation from small loop and its radiation resistance- Radiation from a
loop with circumference equal to a wavelength-Helical antenna: Normal mode and
axial mode operation-Yagi uda Antenna- Log periodic antenna- rhombic antenna-
Horn antenna- Reflector antennas and their feed systems- Micro strip antenna-
Selection of antenna based on frequency of operation – Antennas for special
applications: Antenna for terrestrial mobile communication systems, Ground
Penetrating Radar(GPR), Embedded antennas, UWB, Fractal antenna ,Plasma antenna.
13
4. Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation-
Calculation of field strength at a distance – Space wave propagation: Reflection
characteristics of earth- Resultant of direct and reflected ray at the receiver- LOS
distance – Effective earth‘s radius – Field strength of space wave - duct propagation
Sky wave propagation: Structure of the ionosphere- effect of earth‘s magnetic field
Effective dielectric constant of ionized region- Mechanism of refraction- Refractive
index- Critical frequency- Skip distance- Effect of earth’s magnetic field- Attenuation
factor for ionospheric propagation- Maximum usable frequency(MUF) – skip distance
– virtual height – skip distance, Fading and Diversity reception.
13
5 Antenna Measurements: Reciprocity in Antenna measurements – Measurement of
radiation pattern – Measurement of ranges - Measurement of different Antenna
parameters- Directional pattern, Gain, Phase, Polarization, Impedance, and Efficiency,
Effective gain,SAR.
8
TOTAL HOURS 60
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1. John D. Krauss, Ronald J Marhefka: “Antennas and Wave Propagation”, 4th Edition,Tata Mc Graw Hill
2. Jordan & Balman. “Electromagnetic waves & Radiating Systems”– Prentice Hall India
3. Constantine. A. Balanis: “Antenna Theory- Analysis and Design”, Wiley India, 2nd Edition, 2008
4. R.E Collin: “Antennas & Radio Wave Propagation”, Mc Graw Hill. 1985
5. Terman: “Electronics & Radio Engineering”, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 31
6. Kamal Kishor: “Antenna and wave Propagation”, IK International
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC 010 505 Applied Electromagnetic Theory Review of vector analysis, coordinate
system, coordinate transformation, concept
of electric and magnetic field, Maxwell’s
equation
5
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To impart the basic concepts of radiating structures and antenna parameters
2 To give understanding about analysis of arrays and different types
3 To give idea about different antennas for various applications
4 To give idea about basic propagation mechanisms
5 To give idea about antenna measurements
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 Students will be able to understand basic concepts of antenna radiation and its
parameters.
a,b,c,h,e
2 Students will be able to design and analysis of antenna arrays and its applications. a,b,c,e,h,k
3 Students will be able to develop the idea about the different antenna types and
antennas for special applications
a,b,c,e,f,h,I,j
4 Students will be able to develop concepts in antenna parameter measurements a,b,c,e,f,h,k
5 Students will be able to understand different propagation mechanisms namely ground,
space and sky waves
a,b,c,e
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Hands on different antenna types and measurement set up Lab Sessions
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST
LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 High Frequency Simulation Tools for Antenna Designs
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 www.antenna-theory.com
2 http://www.dxzone.com/catalog/Antennas/
3 http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/rkwok/EE172/Antenna_Fundamental.pdf
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐ WEB RESOURCES ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ TESTS/MODEL
EXAMS
☐ UNIV.
EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB
PRACTICES
☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR
PROJECTS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY
FEEDBACK, ONCE)
☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY
(TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY
EXT. EXPERTS
Prepared by Approved by
Dr.Deepti Das Krishna, Swapna Davies (HOD)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 32
6.2. COURSE PLAN
Hour Module Contents
1 1 Retarded potentials: Concept of vector potential
2 1 Modification for time varying- retarded case
3 1 Fields associated with Hertzian dipole
4 1 Power radiated and radiation resistance of current element
5 1 Radiation from half-wave dipole and quarter-wave monopole antennas
6 1 Antenna Parameters: Introduction, Isotropic radiators
7 1 Radiation pattern, Gain -radiation intensity
8 1 Directive gain, Directivity
9 1 Antenna efficiency- antenna field zones
10 1 Reciprocity theorem & its applications, effective aperture
11 1 Tutorial problems
12 1 Effective height, radiation resistance, terminal impedance
13 1 Front-to back ratio, antenna beam width
14 1 Antenna beam area or beam solid angle
15 1 Polarization, antenna temperature
16 1 Tutorial problems
17 2 Antenna Arrays: Introduction, various forms of antenna arrays
18 2 Arrays of point sources
19 2 Non isotropic but similar point sources
20 2 Multiplication of patterns
21 2 Arrays of n-isotropic point sources Grating lobes
22 2 Properties and Design of Broadside Endfire
23 2 Binomial
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 33
24 2 Dolph Chebyshev arrays
25 2 Phased arrays
26 2 Frequency- Scanning arrays
27 2 Adaptive arrays Smart antennas
28 3 Horizontal and Vertical Antennas above the ground plane. Loop
Antennas
29 3 Tutorial Problems
30 3 Radiation from small loop and its radiation resistance, Radiation from a
loop with circumference equal to a wavelength
31 3 Helical antenna: Normal mode and axial mode operation, Yagi uda
Antenna
32 3 Log periodic antenna, rhombic antenna- Horn antenna
33 3 Reflector antennas and their feed systems
34 3 Tutorial Problems
35 3 Micro strip antenna, Selection of antenna based on frequency of
operation
36 3 Antennas for special applications: Antenna for terrestrial mobile
communication systems
37 3 Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR)
38 3 Embedded antennas, UWB Fractal antenna ,Plasma antenna
39 3 Tutorial Problems
40 4 Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for ground wave
propagation
41 4 Calculation of field strength at a distance
42 4 Space wave propagation: Reflection characteristics of earth- Resultant of
direct and reflected ray at the receiver
43 4 LOS distance – Effective earth‘s radius
44 4 Tutorial Problems
45 4 Field strength of space wave -duct propagation
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 34
46 4 Sky wave propagation: Structure of the ionosphere- effect of earth‘s
magnetic field Effective dielectric constant of ionized region
47 4 Mechanism of refraction- Refractive index- Critical frequency
48 4 Skip distance- Effect of earth’s magnetic field
49 4 Tutorial Problems
50 4 Attenuation factor for ionospheric propagation- Maximum usable
frequency(MUF)
51 4 Skip distance – virtual height – skip distance
52 4 Fading and Diversity reception
53 5 Antenna Measurements: Reciprocity in Antenna measurements
54 5 Tutorial Problems
55 5 Measurement of radiation pattern – Measurement of ranges
56 5 Measurement of different Antenna parameters- Directional pattern
57 5 Gain, Phase
58 5 Polarization
59 5 Tutorial Problems
60 5 Impedance
61 5 Efficiency
62 5 Effective gain
63 5 SAR
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 35
6.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Explain the following terms (i) Beam width (ii) Omni directional pattern (iii)Side
lobe level (iv)Field pattern of antenna
2. Define the terms, (i) Bandwidth (ii) Polarization (iii) Effective aperture area.
3. What are principle planes? How the antenna beam width is defined in such planes?
4. Distinguish between directive gain and power gain.
5. Write short note on Normalized field pattern.
6. Explain the following, i. Beam area ii. Radiation intensity iii. Beam Efficiency
iv. Directivity.
7. Explain scalar, vector potential and retarded vector potential .Explain its significance
in electromagnetic radiation.
8. Explain near field and radiation field. Explain the distance requirement between
transmitter and receiver so as to obtain accurate radiation pattern.
9. What is meant by Radiation pattern. With derivation explain the radiation pattern of
half wave dipole also explain the significance of radiation pattern.
10. What is an isotropic radiator? What is the shape of its radiation pattern in three
dimensional spaces?
11. State and explain reciprocity theorem. What are the applications of reciprocity
theorem to antennas?
12. Write short note on effective area and effective length of an antenna.
13. Derive the field components and draw the field pattern for two point source with
spacing of λ/2 and fed with current of equal n magnitude but out of phase by 1800.
14. What is the necessity of an array?
15. Explain the three different types of array with regard to beam pointing direction.
16. Explain about radiation pattern of 4-isotropic and 8-isotropic elements fed in phase,
spaced λ/2 apart?
17. What is uniform linear array? Discuss the application of linear array?
18. Explain the advantages and disadvantage of linear array?
19. What is the optimum spacing in parasitic array? Why?
20. Compare Broad side array and End fire array?
21. Explain the concept of scanning arrays and what the requirement of tapering of arrays
is.
22. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of binomial array? and also Explain the
procedure for measuring the radiation pattern of half wave dipole?
23. Show that, the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind of order 4 in x is given: T4(x) =
8x4-8x2+1.
24. What happens when spacing between elements of broad side array is a multiple of
wavelength? Explain.
25. Write short note on small loops.
26. Compare far fields of small loop and short dipole.
27. What are the different advantages and disadvantages of loop antennas
28. Sketch the far field patterns of loops of 0.1λ, λ and 3λ/2 diameter.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 36
29. What is the effect of the shape of the small loop on its far field pattern?
30. Write short notes on travelling wave antenna?
31. What is a V- antenna? Explain its characteristics?
32. Explain the constructional features and characteristics of a rhombic antenna.
33. Sketch and explain the constructional features of a helical antenna?
34. Distinguish between Resonant and non-resonant antennas.
35. Distinguish between Narrow band and Wide band antennas.
36. What are the different paths used for propagating radio waves from 300 kHz and 300
MHz?
37. Distinguish between radio and optical horizons. Give the reasons?
38. What is line of sight propagation and explain it.
39. Write short note on tropospheric scatter propagation.
40. Discuss the salient features of space wave propagation.
41. Write short notes on duct propagation.
42. VHF communication is to be established with a 50 watt transmitter at 100 MHz.
43. Calculate the LOS distance, if the heights of transmitting and receiving antennas are
respectively 50 m and 10 m. Assuming the capture area of the transmitting antenna is 25
sqmts, calculate the field strength at the receiving neglecting ground reflected wave.
44. Write a short note on “Antenna Pattern Measurements”.
45. Describe the method of measuring the gain and radiation pattern of an antenna?
46. Explain the impedance measurement of a horn antenna by using slotted line method
with necessary relations?
47. Explain the method of measurement of HPBV of a horn antenna in H plane with a
neat sketch ?
48. Explain the method to find the directivity of the horn antenna?
49. Define and explain Radiation resistance and radiation efficiency
50. With neat sketches, describe how radiation resistance is experimentally measured.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 37
7.
EC010 604
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND PARALLEL
PROCESSING
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 38
7.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET PROGRAMME: ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
DEGREE: B.TECH
COURSE: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND
PARALLEL PROCESSING
SEMESTER: VI CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: EC010 601
REGULATION: 2010
COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: COMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE
CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial) hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY):
NIL
LAB COURSE NAME: NIL
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I Introduction : Difference between Architecture, Organisation and Hardware, Review of basic
operational concepts – Stored program concept, Instruction sequencing, bus structure, Software
support- translating and executing a program- assembler, linker, loader, OS, Instruction types and
Addressing modes. CPU Performance and its factors, Performance evaluation, The Power wall,
Switch from uniprocessors to multiprocessors, Basic concepts of pipelining, superscalar architecture
and multithreading, Instruction level parallelism (basic idea only).
12
II Processor Organisation: Control Unit design: Execution of a complete instruction, Single bus and
multibus organisation, Sequencing of control signals, Hardwired control unit, Microprogrammed
control unit. Arithmetic and logic design – review of signed and unsigned binary arithmetic, fast
adders, Array multiplier, sequential multiplier, Booth’s algorithm, fast multiplication methods,
integer division – restoring and non-restoring methods, floating point numbers.
12
III Memory and I/O Organisation: Memory hierarchy, Memory characteristics, Internal organization of
semiconductor RAM memories, Static and Dynamic RAM memories, flash memory, Cache memory
– mapping function, replacement algorithm, measurement and improvement of cache performance,
Virtual memory and address translation, MMU. Secondary memories – magnetic and optical disks,
I/O accessing – Programmed, Interrupt driven and DMA , Buses- synchronous and asynchronous,
bus standards.
12
IV Parallel Processing :Enhancing performance with pipelining-overview, Designing instruction set for
pipelining, pipelined datapath, Hazards in pipelining. Flynn’s classification, Multicore processors
and Multithreading, Multiprocessor systems-Interconnection networks, Multicomputer systems,
Clusters and other message passing architecture.
12
V PC Hardware: Today’s PC architecture – block diagram, Familiarisation of PC hardware
components. Processor - Pentium series to higher processors - single core, hyperthreading, dual
core, multi core and many core processors (brief idea about evolution and improvements in
performance) Motherboard – Typical architecture , Essential Chipsets, Sockets, Slots and ports –
serial, parallel, USB, RAM , Brief idea about buses, Subsystems (Network, Sound and Graphics,
Ethernet port), Storage devices : Hard Disks-Types and Classification based on interface- Optical
Storage – CD, DVD, BLURAY SMPS – Functions, power connectors.
Typical specifications for a computer
12
TOTAL HOURS 60
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1 Carl Hamacher : “Computer Organization ”, Fifth Edition, Mc Graw Hill.
2 David A. Patterson and John L.Hennessey, “Computer Organisation and Design”, Fourth Edition, Morgan
Kaufmann.
3 William Stallings: “Computer Organisation and Architecture”, Pearson Education.
4 John P Hayes : “Computer Architecture and Organisation”, Mc Graw Hill.
5 Andrew S Tanenbaum : “Structured Computer Organisation”, Pearson Education.
6 Craig Zacker : “PC Hardware : The Complete Reference”, TMH.
7 Nicholas P Carter : “Computer Architecture and Organization”, Mc Graw Hill.
8 Pal Chaudhari: “Computer Organisation and Design”, Prentice hall of India.
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC010 Digital Electronics Control Unit and ALU designs which needs a thorough IV
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 39
404 knowledge of Digital Electronics
EC010
506 Microprocessors and Applications
The topics Memory and I/O organization and Parallel
Processing needs better understanding of Microprocessors
and their interfacing.
V
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To impart the basic concepts of architecture and organisation of computers
2 To develop understanding about pipelining and parallel processing techniques
3 To impart knowledge about the current PC hardware
COURSE OUTCOMES:
S NO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 Will have a sound understanding of architecture and organisation of computers. a, b
2 Will have a sound understanding of pipelining and parallel processing techniques. a, b
3 Will be able to design control unit and ALU for simple applications thus able to design and
interpret engineering problems. a, b
4 Will be able to appear for any competitive examinations for computers / microprocessors since it
deals with pipelining, parallel processing and processor, memory & I/O organizations. a
5 Will be able to understand and interpret new processors developed hence helps in lifelong
learning. a, i, c
6 Will have lot of scope for doing research in this area to develop new concepts and processor
architectures. i, j, k, l
7 Reading assignments are given to read the books so as to develop a imagination capability to
understand the processor architecture and organization. d, e
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Interfacing of processor and memory Assignment
2 Interconnection of various computing modules Mini Project
3 Practical application of parallel processing techniques Project
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST
LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Evolution of computers to today’s form
2 Convergence of different computing devices
3 Cloud computing
4 Pipelining & Parallel Processing techniques used by various processor manufacturers
5 Basic idea of supercomputers
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=106102062
2 http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=106106092
3 https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/parallel_comp/ DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐ WEB RESOURCES
☐ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☐ UNIV. EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB PRACTICES ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK, ONCE) ☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS
Prepared by Approved
by
(Faculty) (HOD)
Bonifus P L
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 40
7.2. COURSE PLAN
Hour Module Contents
1 1 CIS, Introduction
2 1 Prerequisite Tutorials (Digital Electronics & Microprocessors and
Applications)
3 1 Difference between Architecture, Organisation and Hardware, Review of
basic operational concepts – Stored program concept
4 1 Instruction sequencing, bus structure
5 1 Tutorial
6 1 Software support- translating and executing a program- assembler, linker,
loader, OS
7 1 Instruction types and Addressing modes
8 1 CPU Performance and its factors
9 1 Performance evaluation, The Power wall, Switch from uniprocessors to
multiprocessors
10 1 Tutorial
11 1 Basic concepts of pipelining
12 1 Superscalar architecture and multithreading
13 1 Tutorial
14 1 Instruction level parallelism
15 2 Control Unit design: Execution of a complete instruction
16 2 Tutorial
17 2 Single bus and multibus organisation
18 2 Sequencing of control signals, Hardwired control unit
19 2 Tutorial
20 2 Microprogrammed control unit
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 41
21 2 Arithmetic and logic design – review of signed and unsigned binary
arithmetic
22 2 Fast adders
23 2 Tutorial
24 2 Array multiplier, sequential multiplier
25 2 Booth’s algorithm, fast multiplication methods
26 2 Integer division – restoring and non-restoring methods
27 2 Tutorial
28 2 Floating point numbers
29 3 Memory hierarchy, Memory characteristics
30 3 Tutorial
31 3 Internal organization of semiconductor RAM memories, Static and
Dynamic RAM memories
32 3 Flash memory, Cache memory – mapping function
33 3 Replacement algorithm, measurement and improvement of cache
Performance
34 3 Virtual memory and address translation
35 3 Tutorial
36 3 MMU
37 3 Secondary memories – magnetic and optical disks
38 3 Tutorial
39 3 I/O accessing – Programmed, Interrupt driven and DMA
40 3 Tutorial
41 3 Buses- synchronous and asynchronous, bus standards
42 4 Enhancing performance with pipelining-overview
43 4 Tutorial
44 4 Designing instruction set for pipelining, pipelined datapath
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 42
45 4 Hazards in pipelining
46 4 Tutorial
47 4 Flynn’s classification
48 4 Tutorial
49 4 Multicore processors and Multithreading
50 4 Multiprocessor systems-Interconnection networks
51 4 Multicomputer systems
52 4 Tutorial
53 4 Clusters and other message passing architecture
54 5 SMPS – Functions, power connectors Typical specifications for a
computer
55 4 Tutorial
56 5 Today’s PC architecture – block diagram
57 5 Familiarisation of PC hardware components
58 5 Tutorial
59 5 Processor - Pentium series to higher processors - single core,
hyperthreading
60 5 Tutorial
61 5 Dual core, multi core and many core processors
62 5 Motherboard – Typical architecture , Essential Chipsets, Sockets
63 5 Tutorial
64 5 Slots and ports – serial, parallel, USB, RAM
65 5 Tutorial
66 5 Brief idea about buses, Subsystems (Network, Sound and Graphics,
Ethernet port)
67 5 Storage devices : Hard Disks-Types and Classification based on interface-
Optical Storage – CD, DVD, BLURAY
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 43
7.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Explain difference between architecture and organization.
2. Explain multithreading in processors.
3. Explain the concept of power wall.
4. Explain how user program and OS routines shares the processor with a suitable
example and diagram.
5. A compiler designer is trying to decide between two code sequences for a particular
computer. The hardware designers have supplied the following facts:
CPI
Instruction Class
A B C
1 2 3
For a particular high-level language statement, the compiler writer is
considering two code sequences that require the following instruction counts:
Code
Sequence
Instruction counts for each instruction class
A B C
1 2 1 2
2 4 1 1
Which code sequence executes the most instructions? Which will be faster?
What is the CPI for each sequence?
6. Explain in detail different methods of I/O accessing.
7. Write short not about switch form uniprocessors to multiprocessors.
8. What do you mean by CPU performance, how it is measured and what are its factors?
Also write down classic CPU performance equation.
9. How on-chip parallelism can increase the throughput of a chip, also explain different
techniques to achieve on-chip parallelism.
10. How does micro programmed control unit works.
11. Explain different types of division techniques.
12. Write short note about Booth algorithm and its efficiency with suitable examples.
13. Explain how signed and unsigned addition can be performed using 2’s complement
logic.
14. Explain execution of a complete instruction for a single bus organization. What
happens when an unconditional and conditional branch occurs, explain with control
sequence.
15. Explain Microprogrammed control unit in detail.
16. Explain long hand, restoring & non-restoring division of binary numbers in detail.
Also draw the circuit arrangement for binary division.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 44
17. How carry save addition can be used to speed up the addition of summands in a
multiplication operation compared to ripple carry addition? Explain in detail with
suitable diagrams and examples.
18. Explain how signed and unsigned subtraction can be performed using 2’s complement
logic.
19. Describe the working of a sequential multiplier with the help of an example.
20. Explain in detail about Carry Look Ahead addition and its propagation delays. Also
explain about high level generate and propagate functions.
21. Briefly explain MMU.
22. Explain replacement algorithm.
23. Briefly explain types of memories used in computer.
24. Write a brief note on magnetic disk principles.
25. Explain how virtual address is translated to physical address
26. What is the need for replacement algorithms in cache memory, explain any one in
brief.
27. Write a note on use of a PCI bus in a computer system. Also explain how read
operation is done on PCI bus.
28. Explain about Superscalar operation and Multithreading.
29. Explain in detail organization of asynchronous and synchronous DRAMs. Also write
notes on concepts of burst read operation, latency & bandwidth and DDR SDRAM.
30. Explain in detail different cache memory mapping functions.
31. How cache performance can be measured and analyzed. What are the techniques to
improve cache performance?
32. What are the hazards of pipelining?
33. Explain instruction sets for pipelining.
34. Explain message passing architecture in detail.
35. What is operand forwarding?
36. What are the different types of parallel processor systems according to Flynn?
37. How performance can be enhanced with pipelining? Explain with the help of an
example.
38. Draw a neat diagram of pipelined datapath, mention what are the changes from a non-
pipelined datapath.
39. Explain different message passing networks in detail.
40. What is a cluster? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
41. What are the peculiarities of the instruction set for pipelined architecture?
42. Explain in detail about data hazard and instruction hazard.
43. Classify storage devices.
44. Write notes on Pentium processor.
45. Explain block diagram and architecture of common PC.
46. Explain various hardware units of PC.
47. What is hyperthreading?
48. Explain in detail about various optical storage methods.
49. Explain the working and functions of SMPS.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 45
50. Explain various hardware units of PC.
8.
EC010 605
MICROCONTROLLERS AND APPLICATIONS
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 46
8.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: U.G. DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: MICROCONTROLLERS AND APPLICATIONS
SEMESTER: SIX CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: EC010 605 REGULATION: 2010 COURSE TYPE: REGULAR
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Microcontrollers CONTACT HOURS: 4+2 (Tutorial) hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): yes LAB COURSE NAME:ECE 010 607 Microprocessor
&Microcontroller Lab
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I Introduction to Microcontrollers: Comparison with Microprocessors – Harvard and Von
Neumann Architectures - 80C51 microcontroller – features - internal block schematic -
pin descriptions, I/O ports.
9
II Memory organization – Programming model - Program status word - register banks -
Addressing modes - instruction set –Programming examples.
9
III Interrupts - interrupt sources - interrupt handling – programming examples. Timers
operation- different modes –waveform generation- programming examples - Serial
communication-different modes - programming examples.
9
IV Interfacing of DIP switch- LED -7 segment displays -alphanumeric LCD – relay interface
–Stepper motor –ADC-DAC-interfacing programs using assembly language.
9
V Overview of PIC 18, memory organisation, CPU, registers, pipelining, instruction format,
addressing modes, instruction set, interrupts, interrupt operation, resets, parallel ports,
timers, CCP.
9
TOTAL HOURS 45
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1 Muhammad Ali Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and embedded sytems, Pearson Education 2nd edition,
2006
2 Kenneth J Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Penram International, 3rd edition 2007
3 Myke Predko, “Programming and customizing the 8051 microcontroller” TMH, 2004
4 Han Way Huang, “PIC microcontroller An introduction to software and hardware interfacing”, Cenage
learning 2007
5 Muhammad Ali Mazidi “PIC microcontroller and embedded systems using assembly and C for PIC 18” ,
Pearson 2009
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EN010 506 Microprocessors and applications 8085 and 8086 processors architecture and assembly
language programming basics
5
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 47
1 To study the architecture of 8051, PIC18 microcontrollers
2 To understand the instruction set and programming of 8051.
3 To know the Interfacing methods and programming using 8051.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 At the completion of the course the students are expected to have a detailed idea about the
architecture of microcontrollers.
a,b,c,e,i,k
2 By this course students will get knowledge about the assembly language programming a,b,c,e,i,k
3 They are expected to design, implement and program microcontrollers for any system
based on the knowledge acquired of the subject.
a,b,c,e,i,k
4 They will able to design interfacing circuits and systems using microcontrollers a,b,c,e,i,k
5 This would be helpful to students to study about PIC microcontroller
a,b,c,e,i,k,l
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED ACTIONS
1 High level programming in the theory Can be included in the syllabus
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Keil programming
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 www.atmel .com
2 http://galia.fc.uaslp.mx/
3 http://www.keil.com/c51/
4 www.nptel.com
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐ WEB RESOURCES
☐ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☐ UNIV. EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB PRACTICES ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,
ONCE)
☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
MS. TRESSA MICHAEL MR. JAISON JACOB
(Faculty) (HOD)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 48
8.2. COURSE PLAN
Hour Module Contents
1 1 Pin Descriptions Port0 ,Port 1, Port 2, Port3 Internal Block Schematic Pin
Configurations
2 1
8051 architecture Oscillator and Clock Program Counter and Data Pointer A and
B CPU Registers Flags and Program Status Word Internal Memory Stack and
Stack Pointer Special Function Register
3 1
8051 architecture Oscillator and Clock Program Counter and Data Pointer A and
B CPU Registers Flags and Program Status Word Internal Memory Stack and
Stack Pointer Special Function Register
4 1
8051 architecture Oscillator and Clock Program Counter and Data Pointer A and
B CPU Registers Flags and Program Status Word Internal Memory Stack and
Stack Pointer Special Function Register
5 1 Program protection Power control Register PCON Idle and Power Down
Mode
6 1 Program protection Power control Register PCON Idle and Power Down
Mode
7 2 Addressing modes of 8051
8 1 Addressing modes of 8051
9 2 Instruction set classification
10 1 16 bit arithmetic operations
11 2 Programming example
12 2 Subroutines basic concepts
13 2 Programming examples
14 2 Branch instructions -programming examples
15 2 Rotation instructions programming examples
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 49
16 2 More programming examples
17 3 Interrupts - interrupt sources - interrupt handling
18 3 Interrupts - interrupt sources - interrupt handling
19 3 Timers operationdifferent modes
20 3 Timers operationdifferent modes
21 3 Waveform generation
22 3 Waveform generation
23 3 Serial communicationdifferent modes
24 3 Serial communicationdifferent modes
25 3 Programming examples
26 3 Programming examples
27 4 Interfacing of DIP switch- LED -7 segment displays
28 4 Alphanumeric LCD
29 4 Relay interface –Stepper motor
30 4 ADC-DAC-interfacing programs
31 5 Overview of PIC 18
32 5 CPU, registers
33 5 Memory
34 5 Pipelining
35 5 Addressing modes
36 5 Instruction set
37 5 Interrupts, interrupt operation
38 5 Resets
39 5 Parallel ports
40 5 Parallel ports
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 50
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 51
8.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Differentiate between Microprocessor and Microcontroller?
2. Describe the Pin configuration of 8051?
3. Draw and Explain the Block Diagram of 8051?
4. What are different ways for classifying the Microcontroller?
5. List the various types of Microcontroller and their family members?
6. Describe the port structure of Microcontroller?
7. Define the Input port and Output port?
8. Explain 8051 signals which has different meaning at different instances?
9. When should EPROM to be used and when to be flash to be used?
10. Describe Internal Structure of Data Memory?
11. List the benefits of EPROM and Flash memory?
12. Describe the Instruction DJNZ,SETB,CLR, RL?
13. W.A.P. to add two 8 bit numbers kept in internal memory?
14. W.A.P. to multiply two 8-bit kept in the External data memory addressed by
5000H and 5001H respectively. Store the result in the Memory addressed by
5002H.
15. W.A.P. to move bit 4 of RAM location to bit 2 of Accumulator?
16. Describe the concept of stack in 8051?
17. W.A.P. to find largest number among two 8-bit number?
18. Describe the classification of instruction set of 8051?
19. Explain the difference between MOC, MOVX, and MOVC?
20. Describe the difference between LJMP, AJMP and SJMP?
21. Why PUSH and POP instructions are useful for serving to an interrupt?
22. Compare program, routine, interrupt service routine?
23. How do you find execution time for set of instructions in the program?
24. WAP to load 98H into accumulator and execute RRC three times and then add
70H. What will be the results in A and Flags? Assume CF=0?.
25. Create a Square wave of 50% duty cycle over Port 0.0?
26. WAP perform a) keep monitoring the P0.1 until it becomes high b) When P0.1
become high, read data from Port 1 and c) send a low to high pulse on P0.2
indicate that data has been read?
27. WAP to toggle P1.3, P1.7, P.15 continuously without disturbing other pins of
port?
28. Explain the difference between MOV 80H, #99H and MOV @R0, #99H if
R0=80H?
29. If A=90H and CY=1, what is the value A after execution of a) RR A b) RL A c)
RLC A DNA) RRC A
30. Describe the interrupt structure of 8051?
31. Define the Interrupt latency and Dead line?
32. How enabling and disabling of interrupt can be carried out?
33. What is the role of polling to determine the interrupt sources?
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 52
34. List the flags for each interrupt source in 8051?
35. Describe the multiple interrupt sources in 8051?
36. How do you disable all the interrupts?
37. How you will set the priorities of interrupt?
38. Describe the Block diagram of 8259?
39. Describe ICW1, ICW2, ICW3, and ICW4?
40. Describe OCW1, OCW2 and OCW3?
41. Draw the interfacing of 8259 with 8051?
42. List interrupts supported by 8051, with their priority and vector location?
43. Interface ADC0816 with 8051 with Port 0 and Port 1? W.A.P. to read the analog
sample and store into memory addressed by 20H?
44. Interface DAC 0800 with 8051?
45. W.A.P. to generate a square wave through it?
46. Describe the IC ADC0816? List it specification?
47. Interface LCD display with 8051? W.A.P. to display 10 characters whose ASCII
code is stored in internal memory addressed by 20H?
48. Design Temperature controlled system using 8051 where system is sensed
temperature of furnace at a regular interval. If it exceeds the desired level
(assume) then Heater control should be turn off otherwise it remains On?
49. Describe the Ideal and Power down mode of 8051?
50. List the various LCD command codes?
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 53
9.
EC010 606L04
MEDICAL ELECTRONICS
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 54
9.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: U.G. DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: MEDICAL ELECTRONICS SEMESTER: S6 CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: EC010 606 L04 REGULATION: COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: INSTUMENTATION CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial) hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY):_ LAB COURSE NAME:_
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I
Introduction to the physiology of cardiac, nervous & muscular and respiratory systems.
Transducers and Electrodes: Different types of transducers & their selection for
biomedical applications. Electrode theory, selection criteria of electrodes & different types
of electrodes such as, Ag - Ag Cl, pH, etc
12
II
Cardiovascular measurement: The heart & the other cardiovascular systems. Measurement
of Blood pressure-direct and indirect method, Cardiac output and cardiac rate.
Electrocardiography-waveform-standard lead systems typical ECG amplifier,
phonocardiography, Ballisto cardiography, Cardiac pacemaker –defibrillator –different
types and its selection.
12
III
EEG Instrumentation requirements –EEG electrode –frequency bands – recording systems
EMG basic principle-block diagram of a recorder –pre amplifier. Bed side monitor –
block diagram- measuring parameters-cardiac tachometer-Alarms-Lead fault indicator-
central monitoring. Telemetry – modulation systems – choice of carrier frequency – single
channel telemetry systems.
12
IV
Instrumentation for clinical laboratory: Bio electric amplifiers-instrumentation amplifiers-
isolation amplifiers-chopper stabilized amplifiers –input guarding - Measurement of pH
value of Blood-blood cell counting, blood flow, Respiratory transducers and instruments.
12
V
Medical Imaging: Computer tomography – basic principle, application –advantage, X ray
tubes, collimators, detectors and display - Ultra sound imaging
12
TOTAL HOURS 60
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
R J J Carr, “Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology” : Pearson Education 4th e/d.
R K S Kandpur, “Hand book of Biomedical instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill 2nd e/d.
R John G Webster, “Medical Instrumentation application and design”, John Wiley 3rd e/d.
R Richard Aston, “Principle of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement”.
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC010305 Analog Circuits-I To provide an insight into the working, analysis and
design of basic analog circuits and its applications
1
EC010406 Analog Circuits- II
To understand operational amplifier in detail and its
applications.
4
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1
To help the students learn the basics of instrumentation related to biomedical systems and to get an
overall knowledge of the medical equipments for diagnosis and therapy and medical imaging
systems.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 55
SNO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 The ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs in the biomedical
sector .
a,b,c,e
2 The capability to apply science and engineering concepts to solve problems at the
interface of engineering and biology.
a,b,h,i,j,k
3 An ability to make measurements and interpret data from living systems.
a,c,e,h
4 An ability to address problems associated with man-machine interaction systems.
b,c,e,h,i
5 To develop technology to help the medical world in the diagnosis and therapy
of diseases.
c,f,h,i,k
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Practical Implementation of Digital Signal Processing techniques Concepts and techniques demonstrated using
simulation tools like Matlab.
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Systolic, Diastolic and Mean Detector circuit Plethysmography.
2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) Technique
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 http://users.rowan.edu/~polikar/CLASSES/ECE404/Lecture6.pdf
2 http://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/nmr/inside.htm
3 http://users.rowan.edu/~polikar/CLASSES/ECE404/Lecture13.pdf
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐ WEB RESOURCES
☐ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☐ UNIV. EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB PRACTICES ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,
ONCE)
☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
MS. ANILA KURIAKOSE MR. JAISON JACOB
(Faculty) (HOD)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 56
9.2. COURSE PLAN
Hour Module Contents
1 1 Introduction to the physiology of cardiovascular system
2 1 Introduction to the physiology of respiratory system
3 1 Introduction to the physiology of nervous system
4 1 Introduction to the physiology of muscular system
5 1 Transducers and their selection criteria
6 1 Types of transducers
7 1 Electrode theory
8 1 Selection criteria of electrodes & different types of electrodes
9 1 Types of transducers -- contd.
10 2 The heart & the other cardiovascular systems
11 2 Measurement of Blood pressure-direct method-indirect method
12 2 Measurement of Blood pressure- contd.
13 2 Cardiac output and cardiac rate
14 2 Electrocardiography-waveform-standard lead systems
15 2 Standard lead systems (contd)
16 2 Typical ECG amplifier, phonocardiography
17 2 Ballisto cardiography,Cardiac pacemaker
18 2 Cardiac Pacemakers -- contd.
19 2 Defibrillator selection-different types
20 2 Defibrillator selection-different types-- contd
21 3 EEG Instrumentation requirements –EEG electrode-frequency bands
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 57
22 3 EEG recording systems
23 3 EMG basic principle-block diagram of a recorder –pre amplifier
24 3 Bed side monitor –block diagram,measuring parameters
25 3 Cardiac tachometer-Alarms-Lead fault indicator
26 3 Cardiac tachometer-Alarms-Lead fault indicator
27 3 Central monitoring
28 3 Telemetry – modulation systems - choice of carrier frequency
29 3 Single channel telemetry systems
30 4 Instrumentation for clinical laboratory: Bio electric amplifiers
31 4 Instrumentation amplifiers isolation amplifiers
32 4 Chopper stabilized amplifiers –input guarding
33 4 Measurement of ph value of Blood
34 4 Blood cell counting
35 4 Blood flow measurements
36 4 Respiratory transducers
37 4 Instruments for respiratory measurements
38 4 Instruments for respiratory measurements -- contd.
39 5 Medical Imaging: Computer tomography – basic principle
40 5 Medical Imaging: Computer tomography – basic principle-- contd.
41 5 Computed tomography (contd)
42 5 Applications and advantages of CT
43 5 X ray tubes
44 5 X ray tubes -- contd.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 58
45 5 Collimators
46 5 Detectors and display
47 5 Ultrasound imaging
48 5 Ultrasound imaging (contd)
48 5 Ultrasound imaging (contd)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 59
9.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Explain with figure the electrical activity of the heart. Also draw the
electrocardiogram waveform and explain.
2. Briefly explain respiratory system and blood purification.
3. Define and explain resting and action potentials.
4. How is an action potential generated and propagated? Draw and explain an action
potential waveform.
5. Describe the anatomy and physiology of a human brain.
6. Explain the concept of electrode-skin interface.
7. Explain with figure the different types of surface and microelectrodes with their
uses.
8. With figure, explain construction, working and applications of Ag-Agcl electrode
and pH electrodes.
9. Describe in detail the transducers for biological applications.
10. Write a short note on implantable transducers.
11. Describe in detail the different methods of direct pressure measurement.
12. Define cardiac rate and cardiac output.
13. Describe the thermal dilution method to measure cardiac output.
14. Draw and explain ECG waveform.
15. Explain the 12 lead system of ECG measurement with figures. What are its
clinical applications?
16. Define and explain Einthoven’s triangle and cardiac vector.
17. Explain Phonocardiography.
18. What is a cardiac pacemaker? Explain the different types.
19. What is the necessity of a defibrillator? Describe with schematic, the different
types of defibrillators used.
20. Explain in detail the different cardiac pacing modes.
21. List the different frequency bands of EEG related to the state of a human being.
22. Explain the following:
i. EEG electrodes
ii. EMG electrodes.
23. Explain EMG Recorder with a neat block diagram.
24. What are the different parameters measured in a bedside monitoring system.
25. With the help of a neat diagram, explain the construction and working of different
types of cardio tachometers.
26. Explain the different types of alarm circuits employed in bedside monitors.
27. What is a Lead Fault Indicator?
28. With block diagram, explain a single channel telemetry system.
29. Write a short note on, choice of carrier frequency in a telemetry system.
30. With a neat block diagram, explain a multichannel EEG system. Also explain a
visual and auditory evoked potential system.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 60
31. Describe an instrumentation amplifier and explain its role in biomedical
instruments.
32. Explain isolation amplifier for biomedical applications and explain its different
types?
33. What is input guarding?
34. Explain in detail the principle of spirometer with a neat sketch.
35. Explain the measurement of pH value of blood.
36. Explain the principle of ultrasonic Doppler shift blood flow meter and explain its
operation with a block diagram.
37. With block diagram, explain the principle and working of Coulter counter.
38. What is a blood cell counter? Explain the different types.
39. Sketch the arrangement used for measuring the arterial blood flow using NMR
method. Explain its operation.
40. Name different respiratory transducers and briefly explain its working.
41. Explain the role of collimators and grids in X-ray tubes.
42. Briefly explain the gantry geometry.
43. Explain the basic principle of X-Ray tubes.
44. Explain the basic principle of computed tomography with neat diagram.
45. Briefly explain the different ultrasound imaging techniques.
46. Describe the automatic dose control in an X-Ray image intensifier system.
47. Compare the advantages and applications of X-Ray and ultrasound scanning
systems.
48. Draw the block diagram of X-Ray image intensifier system and explain its
constructional details.
49. Explain micro shock hazards and macro shock hazards with figures.
50. Explain patient safety and the precautions taken to ensure it.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 61
10.
EC010 606L06
TELEVISION AND RADAR ENGINEERING
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 62
10.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: TELEVISION AND RADAR ENGINEERING SEMESTER: 6 CREDITS: 4
COURSE CODE: EC010 606L06 REGULATION :
2010
COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: COMMUNICATION CONTACT HOURS: 3+1 (Tutorial) hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): NIL LAB COURSE NAME: NA
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I Principles of television - image continuity - interlaced scanning - blanking - synchronizing –
composite video signal - video and sound signal modulation - channel bandwidth - vestigial sideband transmission – television signal propagation
Television receiver circuits – IF section, video detector-video amplifiers-AGC, Sync
processing and AFC-Horizontal and vertical deflection circuits –sound section-tuner .
12
II Colour TV - Colour perception - luminance, hue and saturation - colour TV camera and
picture tube(working principle only) - colour signal transmission - bandwidth - modulation - formation of chrominance signal - principles of NTSC, PAL and SECAM coder and decoder.
12
III Digital TV - composite digital standards - 4 f sc NTSC standard - general specifications - sampling structure - digital transmission, Flat panel display TV receivers-LCD and Plasma
screen receivers-3DTV-EDTV.
Cable TV - cable frequencies - co-axial cable for CATV - cable distribution system - cable decoders - wave traps and scrambling methods, Satellite TV technology-Geo Stationary
Satellites-Satellite Electronics
12
IV Introduction- Radar Equation- Block diagram- Radar frequencies- Applications- Prediction of range performance –Pulse Repetition Frequency and Range ambiguities –Antenna
parameters- System losses.
CW Radar-The Doppler Effect- FM-CW radar- Multiple frequency radar – MTI Radar- Principle- Delay line cancellors- Noncoherent MTI-Pulse Doppler Radar- Tacking Radar –
Sequential lobing-Conical Scan- Monopulse – Acquisition- Comparison of Trackers.
12
V Radar Transmitters- Modulators-Solid state transmitters, Radar Antennas- Parabolic-
Scanning feed-Lens- Radomes, Electronically steered phased array antenna-Applications, Receivers-Displays-Duplexers.
Special purpose radars-Synthetic aperture radar- HF and over the horizon radar- Air
surveillance radar- Height finder and 3D radars – Bistatic radar-Radar Beacons- Radar Jamming and Electronic Counters .
12
TOTAL HOURS 60
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
T Gulati R.R., Modern Television Engineering, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
R Dhake A.M., Television Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill, 2001 .
R R.P.Bali, “Color Television, Theory and Practice”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1994
R R.G Gupta., “ Television Engineering and Video System”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2005
R Bernard Grob & Charles E. Herndon, “Basic Television and Video Systems”, McGraw Hill International
T Damacher P., “Digital Broadcasting”, IEE Telecommunications Series
T Merrill I. Skolnik, “Introduction to Radar Systems”– 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2001.
R Merril I.Skolnik , “Radar Handbook”-, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Publishers,2008.
R J. C. Toomay, Paul Hannen, “Radar Principles for the Non-Specialist”, Printice hall
of India,2004
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EN010 109 Basic Electronics Engineering & Information Technology
Basics of Communication Engineering & Circuits 1
EC010 405 Analog Communications Basics of Communication Engineering 4
EC010 505 Applied Electromagnetic Theory Basics of EM waves 5
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To familiarize the students with the fundamentals of TV Engineering and its applications
2 To familiarize the students with the fundamentals of Radar Engineering and its applications
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 63
SNO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 To familiarise the students with the working principles of television images, TV signal
modulation, transmission & propagation and television receiver circuits
a, b, d, e
2 To familiarise the students with the working principles of Colour TV; NTSC, PAL and
SECAM standards; Digital TV; Flat panel display TV receivers & Cable TV
a, b, d,
e, j, k
3 To understand Radar systems and basic equations.
a, b, d, e
4 To study different types of radar systems and its applications; radar transmitters; different
special purpose radars
a, b, d,
e, j, k
5 To understanding working principle of the digital TV standards and displays and cable TV c,h
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Electromagnetic Deflection Seminar topic
2. Weather surveillance radar (WSR) Seminar topic
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Familiarize students with the modern TV technology, display system and transmission means.
2 Familiarize students with the real life applications of radar systems
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 http://broadcastengineering.com/
2 http://www.rfcafe.com/
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐ WEB RESOURCES
☐ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☐ UNIV. EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB PRACTICES ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,
ONCE)
☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS
Prepared by Approved by
DR. DEEPTI DAS KRISHNA MR. JAISON JACOB
(Faculty) (HOD)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 64
10.2. COURSE PLAN
Hour Module Contents
1 1 Principles of television
2 1 Elements of TV system
3 1 Image continuity - interlaced scanning
4 1 Blanking - synchronizing
5 1 Composite video signal
6 1 Video and sound signal modulation
7 1 Channel bandwidth
8 1 Channel bandwidth
9 1 Vestigial sideband transmission
10 1 Television signal propagation
11 1 Television receiver circuits
12 1 IF section, video detector-video amplifiers
13 1 AGC,Sync processing
14 1 AFC
15 1 Horizontal and vertical deflection circuits
16 1 Sound section-tuner
17 2 Colour TV
18 2 Colour perception - luminance, hue and saturation
19 2 Colour TV camera - (working principle only)
20 2 Colour TV picture tube(working principle only)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 65
21 2 Colour signal transmission
22 2 Bandwidth - modulation
23 2 Formation of chrominance signal
24 2 Tutorial
25 2 Principles of NTSC, PAL
26 2 Principles of SECAM coder and decoder.
27 3 Digital TV
28 3 Digital standards - 4 f sc NTSC standard - general specifications
29 3 Sampling structure - digital transmission
30 3 Flat panel display TV receivers
31 3 LCD and Plasma screen receivers-3DTV-EDTV
32 3 Cable TV - cable frequencies - co-axial cable for CATV
33 3 Cable distribution system - cable decoders
34 3 Wave traps and scrambling methods
35 3 Satellite TV technology
36 3 Geo Stationary Satellites
37 3 Satellite Electronics
38 3 Tutorial
39 3 Module 1,2,3 tutorial
40 4 Introduction RADAR
41 4 Radar Equation
42 4 Block diagram- Radar frequencies- Applications
43 4 Prediction of range performance –Pulse Repetition Frequency and Range
ambiguities
44 4 Antenna parameters- System losses
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 66
45 4 CW Radar-The Doppler Effect
46 4 FM-CW radar
47 4 Frequency radar – MTI Radar- Principle
48 4 Delay line cancellors
49 4 Noncoherent MTI-Pulse Doppler Radar
50 4 Tacking Radar –Sequential lobing-Conical Scan
51 4 Monopulse – Acquisition- Comparison of Trackers
52 5 Radar Transmitters- Modulators
53 5 Solid state transmitters
54 5 Solid state transmitters
55 5 Radar Antennas- Parabolic-Scanning feed-Lens- Radomes, Electronically
steered phased array antenna
56 5 Applications, Receivers-Displays-Duplexers
57 5 Special purpose radars
58 5 Synthetic aperture radar
59 5 Synthetic aperture radar- HF and over the horizon radar
60 5 Air surveillance radar
61 5 Height finder and 3D radars
62 5 Bistatic radar
63 5 Radar Beacons
64 5 Radar Jamming and Electronic Counters
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 67
10.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. What is the effective no. of lines scanned in 625 B TV system? Explain.
2. Discuss briefly on the resolving power of image reproducing system considering both
vertical and horizontal resolution.
3. What are the functions of equalizing pulses, front porch & back porch of horizontal
sync pulses?
4. What is a BALUN?
5. What causes trailing and leading ghost images?
6. (a) What is meant by flicker? How is it is avoided?
a. (b) Describe by a block diagram, the general working of a TV system.
7. Define scanning. What is Interlaced scanning and how it differs from Ordinary
scanning. Explain.
8. (a) Compare SSB transmission with VSB transmission.
a. (b) Explain in detail about image continuity and interlaced scanning.
9. Describe how EHT and boosted B+ voltages are developed from the horizontal output
circuit
10. What is a SAW filter? Explain
11. Draw the basic colour camera arrangement and write down the use of dichroic mirror
12. What is burst blanking? Explain about colour burst blanking circuit.
13. Give two ways in which colour and monochrome television broadcasting are
compatible.
14. Explain the generation of chrominance signal and Y signal in 625 line system.
15. What is frequency interleaving ? Explain.
16. Draw the circuit diagram of luminance channel and explain its working
17. With the help of simplified block diagram of NTSC colour decoder briefly explain
working of a colour Receiver
18. Explain briefly how the human eye perceives brightness and colour sensations.
Comment on the spectral response of the human eye.
19. Compare and contrast PAL, NTSC and SECAM TV systems
20. Write short notes on :
a. Colour killer circuit.
b. Unsuitability of G-Y for transmission.
21. Explain about digital recording.
22. Explain sampling structure.
23. What is LNB ? Explain it in detail.
24. Why is it desirable to down-convert the satellite TV signal received at the antenna?
25. Write note on cable frequencies.
26. What is DTV? What are all its standards? Explain its compatibility
27. Explain the working of Plasma screen receivers
28. Draw the block diagram and explain the up-down cable TV converter
29. Explain about satellite television.
30. With a block diagram, explain a cable converter
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 68
31. Explain the principle of FM CW altimeter.
32. What is Doppler effect? How it is used in Radar?
33. What are the main factors to be considered when deriving radar range equation.
34. Explain, what is meant by "Clutter"?
35. What are delay line cancellers?
36. With a block diagram explain the working of FM-CW radar? How it is used to
measure altitudes?.
37. Explain in detail the principle of operation of: FM CW altimeter MTI Radar.
38. Draw and explain the basic schematic of pulse RADAR.
39. Explain the working of a parabolic antenna, defining the important antenna
parameters
40. Differentiate MTI Radar from pulse Doppler radar. Explain the difference.
41. Write short notes on :
Dish Antenna.
Lens Antennas
Radomes
Modulators
42. What is the function of duplexer used in radar? Explain.
43. Explain the role of a mixer in a radar receiver.
44. What are reflector antennas? List them. Explain anyone.
45. What are the advantages of Electronically steered phased array antenna in radar
systems
46. Explain the working of Electronically steered phased array antenna.
47. Write short notes on Solid state transmitters
48. Write short notes on Air surveillance radar
49. Write short notes on Bistatic radar
50. Write short notes on Radar Jamming and Electronic Counters.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 69
11.
EC010 607
MICROPROCESSOR & MICROCONTROLLER LAB
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 70
11.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: Electronics & Communication Engineering DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab SEMESTER: 6 CREDITS: 2
COURSE CODE: EC010 607 REGULATION: 2010 COURSE TYPE: CORE
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Embedded system CONTACT HOURS: 3 hrs.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): LAB COURSE NAME: Nil
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
I 8086: Sum of N Numbers. 3 hrs.
II 8086: Display message on screen using code and data segment. 3 hrs.
III 8086: Sorting, factorial of a number 3 hrs.
IV 8086: Square, Square root, & Fibonacci series 3hrs
V 8051: Addition and subtraction, Multiplication and division 3 hrs
VI 8051: Sorting, Factorial of a number 3 hrs.
VII 8051: Square, Square root, & Fibonacci series 3 hrs.
VIII 8051: Display (LED, Seven segments) interface. 3 hrs.
IX 8051: Stepper motor interface. 3 hrs.
TOTAL HOURS 27 hrs.
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
1 “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems”, Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Pearson
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
EC010
506
Microprocessors And Applications Students should know architecture and instruction sets of
8086.
5th
EC010
605
Microcontrollers And Applications Students should know architecture and instruction sets of
8051.
6th
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To give the students a systematic, step by step approach to embedded systems and
microcontrollers
2 Interfacing of various hardware to the microcontroller and the programming is
included in the syllabus
3 Assembly language programming 4 To develop the programming skills of the students 5 To make students able to do the projects and research in embedded area
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 The lab course make the students able to know the detailed architecture of
microcontrollers.
a,b,c,e,i,k
2 By this course students will get knowledge about the assembly language
programming
a,b,c,e,i,k
3 Students will study keil and masm software
a,b,c,e,i,k
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 71
4 Students will be able to in develop embedded systems using 8051 a,b,c,e,i,k
5 They will able to design interfacing circuits and systems using microcontrollers a,b,c,e,i,k
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED ACTIONS
1 High level programming in the theory Can be included in the syllabus
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
1 Keil programming
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 www.atmel .com
2 http://galia.fc.uaslp.mx/
3 http://www.keil.com/c51/
4 www.nptel.com
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
☐ CHALK & TALK ☐ STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐ WEB RESOURCES
☐ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
☐ ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☐ UNIV. EXAMINATION
☐ STUD. LAB PRACTICES ☐ STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,
ONCE)
☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS
Prepared by Approved
by
(Faculty): Tressa Michael
(HOD)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 72
11.2. COURSE PLAN
Session Contents
1 BATCH A- Basic arithmetic operations using 8051 : Simulation
2 BATCH B - Basic arithmetic operations using 8051 : Simulation
3 BATCH A- Basic arithmetic operations using 8051 : Circuit Wiring.
4 BATCH B - Basic arithmetic operations using 8051 : Circuit Wiring.
5 BATCH A-Sorting, Factorial of a number.
6 BATCH B-Sorting, Factorial of a number.
7 BATCH A- Square, Square root, & Fibonacci series
8 BATCH B- Square, Square root, & Fibonacci series
9 BATCH A -Stepper motor interface
10 BATCH B -Stepper motor interface
11 BATCH A -Display (LED, Seven segments
12 BATCH B -Display (LED, Seven segments
13 8086 BATCH A-Display message on screen using code and data
segment
14 8086 BATCH B-Display message on screen using code and data
segment
15 BATCH A- Addition /Subtraction of 32 bit numbers,SUM OF N
NUMBERS -8086
16 BATCH B- Addition /Subtraction of 32 bit numbers,SUM OF N
NUMBERS -8086
17 BATCH A-Sorting, factorial of a number-8086
18 BATCH B-Sorting, factorial of a number-8086
19 BATCH A-Square, Square root, & Fibonacci series-8086
20 MODEL LAB EXAM
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 73
11.3. SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Write an ALP to design a 4 bit decade counter using 8051.( Delay needed : 1 sec)
2. Write an ALP to find the average of ‘N’ numbers using 8086.
3. Write an ALP to set up an 8 bit Johnson counter using 8051. (Delay needed : 1 sec)
4. Write an ALP in 8051 to solve the equation X2 + 5X +4.
5. Write an ALP to find factorial of a number using 8086.
6. Write a program to rotate stepper motor clockwise for 3 rotations at a speed of 40 rpm
and then anti clockwise for 2 rotations at a speed of 20 rpm using 8051.
7. Write an ALP to check whether a given number is odd or even.
8. Write an ALP in 8051 to find the sum of factorials up to a number inputted through
port 1 and display the output through port 2. (Hint: 1! + 2! +...+ n!)
9. Write an ALP in 8086 to multiply two numbers using repeated addition.
10. Write an ALP to implement a traffic signalling system using 8051, delay 3 seconds.
a. [Signalling system should include pedestrian signals (WALK and Don’t
WALK)]
11. Write an ALP to find the sum of first ‘N’ natural numbers using 8086.
12. Write an ALP on 8051 to accept a block of data. If numbers in that block is divisible
by a number entered through port1 that number should be moved to a new block.
13. Write an ALP to find the sum of ‘N’ numbers using 8086.
14. Write an ALP in 8051 to accept a block of numbers .Count the no: of numbers
repeating.
15. Write an ALP to find factorial of a number using 8086.
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 74
12.
EC010 608
MINI PROJECT LAB
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 75
12.1. COURSE INFORMATION SHEET
PROGRAMME: Electronics & Communication DEGREE: BTECH
COURSE: MINI PROJECT LAB SEMESTER:6 CREDITS: 2
COURSE CODE:EC010 608
REGULATION:2010
COURSE TYPE: CORE /ELECTIVE / BREADTH/ S&H
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: Electronics & Communication CONTACT HOURS: 3 practical hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE (IF ANY): LAB COURSE NAME:
SYLLABUS:
UNIT DETAILS HOURS
1 555 applications 3
2 Light activated alarm circuit 3
3 Speed control of electric fan using TRIAC 3
4 Illumination control circuits 3
5 Touch control circuits 3
6 Sound operated circuits 3
7 Design, construction, and debugging of an electronic
system approved by the department
12
TOTAL HOURS 30
TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:
T/R BOOK TITLE/AUTHORS/PUBLICATION
R Pulse, Digital and Switching waveforms by Milman and Taub
COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
Circuit designing and debugging skill
Programming skill viz. C as well as Assembly level
Programming
PCB designing and soldering skill is good provided known.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1 To provide students with the opportunity to identify, design, construction, and debugging of an electronic system. Projects like intercom, SMPS, burglar alarm, UPS, inverter, voting machine, etc, can be chosen
2 To familiarize students with the standard schematic capture & PCB design software and in choosing,
buying and implementing in a circuit on a PCB.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
SNO DESCRIPTION PO
MAPPING
1 Ability to understand and use appropriate electronics components and their data
sheets
a,b,c,e,i,j,k
2 Ability to do presentations to an audience of students and teachers a,b,c,d,e,f,g,i,j,k
3 Ability to plan and work in a team d,g
GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY/PROFESSION REQUIREMENTS:
SNO DESCRIPTION PROPOSED
ACTIONS
1 Hands on training program on PIC microcontroller Add on Course
2 LateX software based documentation
PROPOSED ACTIONS: TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ASSIGNMENT/INDUSTRY VISIT/GUEST
LECTURER/NPTEL ETC
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS/ADVANCED TOPICS/DESIGN:
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 76
1 Students learn to make reports in LaTeX
2 Students do self-learning of MATLAB, PIC programming and other tools as required by their project
WEB SOURCE REFERENCES:
1 http://www.electronicsforu.com
2 http://www.labcenter.com
DELIVERY/INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:
☐| CHALK & TALK ☐| STUD. ASSIGNMENT ☐| WEB RESOURCES
☐ LCD/SMART BOARDS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐ ADD-ON COURSES
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-DIRECT
☐| ASSIGNMENTS ☐ STUD. SEMINARS ☐| TESTS/MODEL EXAMS ☐| UNIV. EXAMINATION
☐| STUD. LAB PRACTICES ☐|STUD. VIVA ☐ MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS ☐ CERTIFICATIONS
☐ ADD-ON COURSES ☐ OTHERS
ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES-INDIRECT
☐ ASSESSMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES (BY FEEDBACK,
ONCE)
☐ STUDENT FEEDBACK ON FACULTY (TWICE)
☐ ASSESSMENT OF MINI/MAJOR PROJECTS BY EXT. EXPERTS ☐ OTHERS
Prepared by Approved
by
(Faculty): Dr. Deepti Das Krishna
Mr. Sreekumar G. (HOD)
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 77
12.1. COURSE PLAN
Session Contents
1 Mini Project abstract presentation - Batch I
2 Mini Project abstract presentation - Batch II
3 Lab experiments 1, 2, 3 - Batch I
4 Lab experiments 1, 2, 3 - Batch II
5 Lab experiments 4,5,6 - Batch I
6 Lab experiments 4,5,6 - Batch II
7 Mini Project; Submission of fair record of expts. - Batch I
8 Mini Project; Submission of fair record of expts. - Batch II
9 Mini Project - Batch I
10 Mini Project - Batch II
11 Mini Project - Batch I
12 Mini Project - Batch II
13 Mini Project 50% output - Batch I
14 Mini Project 50% output - Batch II
15 Mini Project - Batch I
16 Mini Project - Batch II
17 Mini Project 80% output - Batch I
18 Mini Project 80% output - Batch II
19 Mini Project - Batch I
20 Mini Project - Batch II
21 Mini Project - Batch I
Semester VI, Course Hand-Out
Department of EC, RSET 78
22 Mini Project final demo - Batch II
23 Mini Project final demo - Batch I
24 Project Report submission - Batch II
25 Project Report submission - Batch I