Post on 27-Apr-2015
Early Christian, Jewish & Byzantine
Art
Map
Ancient Jewish People
Canaan
Mount Sinai & Moses
Ark of the Covenant
Temple 1
Second Temple
Christians
General Beliefs
• Jesus of Nazareth
• From 30 – 33 most influential
• Incarnation, Crucifixion, Resurrection, Ascension
• Trinity
Council of Nicaea
Gospels
Constantine
After 313
• Archbishops & “sees”• Western Church – Rome• Eastern Church – Constantinople• Jerusalem, Alexandria, & Antioch
• To 1054 all united
Muslims
Jewish and Early Christian Art
Early Jewish Art
Orants
Good Shepherd
Good Shepard, Orants, Story of Jonah, 4th Century, Early
Christian
loculi
Cubiculum of the Catacomb of Via Dino Compagni
Good Shepherd
Detail of a central medallion
Detail with Jonah
Orants
Sculpture
Jonah Swallowed and Jonah Cast Up, 3rd century, Early Christian
Early Christian Architecture
Dura-Europa
Early Christian House-Church
Roman Basilica
Imperial Christian Architecture and
Art
Important Facts
• 313 – Edict of Milan
• 324 – Consolidation of Empire and big building program
• 404 – Vulgate Bible
Two Church Plans
Basilica Plan Church
Old St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome, c.320-27
Floor plan
Outside details
Church of Santa Sabina, Rome, 422-32
Central Plan Churches
Santa Constanza, Rome, 1256
Harvesting of Grapes
Detail
Sculpture
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, c.359, Early Christian or
Beautiful Style
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
Detail – Christ Giving the Law
Detail – Christ entering Jerusalem
Detail
Byzantine Art
Byzantine Periods
• Early Byzantine Period – associated with Justinian I
• Middle Byzantine Period – worship of icons accepted again
• Late Byzantine Period – 1261-1453
Map of the City
Early Byzantine Art
Visigoths and Vandels invading
Emperor Justinian and his wife Empress Theodora
Map of Justinian’s Empire
Anthemius and Isidorus, Hagia Sophia, 532-537,
Byzantine
Hagia Sophia
Pendentives
Interior
Interior
Empress Logia
Ravenna
Church of San Vitale
Floor plan
Interior
Squinches
Interior
Mosaics
Emperor Justinian and His Attendants, c.547,
Byzantine
Empress Theodora and her retinue
Ivories & Manuscripts
Archangel Michael, Early 6th century, Byzantine
Comparison
Manuscripts – key ideas
• Scriptorium
• Manuscripts
• Codex
• Vellum/Parchment
Clay & Wax Tablets
Papyrus
Parchment Making
Scrolls
Codex
Illuminated Manuscripts
Covers
Types of Manuscripts
Rebecca at the Well, Early 6th Century, Byzantine
Middle Byzantine Art
Iconoclast Controversy
• Iconoclasts – against icons (“breaking icons”)
• Iconophiles – for icons
• Seventh Ecumenical Council
Map
Macedonian Dynasty (867-1056)
Virgin of Vladimir, 12th century, Byzantine
Christ Pantocrater, c.1080-1100, Byzantine
Archangel Michael, 11th century, Byzantine
Archangel Michael, 11th century, Byzantine
Manuscripts during the Middle
Byzantine Period
David the Psalmist, Paris Psalter, 10th century,
Byzantine
Joshua Roll, c.950, Byzantine
Late Byzantine Art
• 1261-1453
• New style in art – church liturgy important
• Use of trompe l’oeil in the churches
Anastasis, c. 1315-21, Byzantine