Post on 20-Jun-2015
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Pumps & Pipes 1
Downhole Coring and Sampling
Fred Palumbo
Core Laboratories, LPPetroleum Services Division
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
New Horizons, Evolving Challenges, Difficult Samples to Acquire!
◙ Wells “Pushing” the Technology Envelope• Higher pressures, temperatures• Deep formations• Ultra-Deepwater Wells
◙ Mud Filtrate Contamination◙ Complex hydrocarbons
• Flow assurance issues• Hydrocarbon Solids• Heavy Oils
• Compartmentalization• Fluid Contacts within Sample Interval
◙ Unconventional Reservoirs• Heterogeneities
• Alternating rock types, Sand-Shale-Carbonates• Varied Hardness and Densities, Cemented-Friable-Unconsolidated• Fractured and Vuggular Rocks
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
The Importance of Proper Core Processing
The reliability of the petrophysical measurements, made in the laboratory, is dependent upon the quality of the core and fluid sampling.
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Pumps & Pipes 1
Downhole Reservoir Fluids Sampling
Downhole Coring and Sampling
Objectives:◙ Single Phase Fluid
• In situ Pressure• Constant Volume• In situ Temperature
◙ “Clean” Sample• No filtrate• Downhole Analysis
• Infrared CQ◙ Multiple Samples
• Sufficient Volumes
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Formation Fluids Test Sampling
Core Lab
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Pumps & Pipes 1
Drill Cuttings
Downhole Coring and Sampling
Objectives:◙ Formation “Rocks”◙ Issues
• Depth Control• Subjective• Cross Contamination• Mechanical Alteration
◙ Value• Mineralogy• Texture• Continuous Sequence
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Pumps & Pipes 1
Percussion Sidewall Coring Tools
Downhole Coring and Sampling
◙ Rocks at Depth• On Wire line• On Drill pipe
◙ “Shot” into formation• Black powder charge
◙ Multiple Samples• Groups of 30-50
◙ Issues?• Fractured, Compacted• “Mud-shot”
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Pumps & Pipes 1
Drilled-Rotary Sidewall Coring Tools
Downhole Coring and Sampling
◙ Rocks at Depth• On Wire line• On Drill pipe
◙ “Drilled” into formation• Controlled parameters
• RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit
◙ Multiple Samples• Groups of 30-50
◙ Issues?• Limited to cemented rock• Otherwise GREAT!
Baker Atlas
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Rotary Core Receiving Tube
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
“Conventional” Coring◙ Continuous Cylindrical Section of formation
• On Drill pipe • On Wire line
◙ “Drilled” into formation• Controlled parameters
• RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit
◙ Multiple Lengths, Extended Cores• 30’ intervals (30, 60, 90…)
◙ Requires proper tool for rock type• Unconsolidated, Friable, Cemented, Fractured
◙ Special Barrels• Inner Sleeves, Sponge Core, Full Closure, Pressure Retained,
Oriented Core◙ Trip out of the hole requires planning
• “The Bends”
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
High Quality Cores Require PLANNING
CT image cross-section of 4” OD core in liner
Damage due to rapid gas expansion; fast trip
Recommended Trip Schedule (Core Point to Surface)Core 1 (2280 m)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Trip Rate (meters / hour)
De
pth
- T
VD
(m
)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Incremental Gas Displaced (cc)
Nexen Petroleum International, LTDZorro No. 1 (K-1)Offshore, Equatorial Guinea
30 minute wait period to allow for gas evolution
Indication of critical gas
Bubble point
Gas bubbles forming
“Critical Gas”bubbles coalescing
Tremendous gas expansion
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Coring Mode Core Retrieval Mode
OuterCore
Barrel
Full-ClosureCore
Catcher
CoreBit
Core
Core
“Conventional” Coring
Baker Hugh Inteq
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Specialized Coring Tools
◙ Wire line Coring◙ Coring While Drilling◙ Pressure Core System ◙ Full Closure System◙ Oriented Coring◙ JamBustersm Tool◙ Sponge Core Barrel◙ Gel CoringSM System
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Specialized Coring Tools
◙ Wire line Coring◙ Coring While Drilling
• Sample on demand
◙ Pressure Core System• Pressure Retained Barrel
• In situ saturation• In situ pressure
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Specialized Coring ToolsFull Closure Systems
◙ Full closure catchers and inner barrel liners• Unconsolidated rocks• Fractured rocks
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Specialized Coring ToolsDirectional Sampling
◙ Oriented Coring• Directional features• Fractures, bedding orientation• Directional-horizontal drilling• Well placement
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Specialized Coring ToolFractured Reservoirs
◙ Sleeved Cores• JamBustersm
• Telescoping sleeves• 2 restarts
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Specialized Coring Tools Sponge Core Analysis
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Specialized Coring Tools Gel Core
◙ Sleeved Cores• Gel Cores
• Minimize filtrate invasion• Preserve core wettability
• “fresh-state” testing
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling
The “Future” of Downhole Coring and SamplingVERY Remote Locations!
Lunar Polar Coring Lander
Department of Aerospace Engineeringand Engineering Mechanics
The University of Texas at Austin