Downhole Coring and Sampling, pumpsandpipesmdhc

Pumps & Pipes 1Downhole Coring and Sampling

Pumps & Pipes 1

Downhole Coring and Sampling

Fred Palumbo

Core Laboratories, LPPetroleum Services Division


New Horizons, Evolving Challenges, Difficult Samples to Acquire!

◙ Wells “Pushing” the Technology Envelope• Higher pressures, temperatures• Deep formations• Ultra-Deepwater Wells

◙ Mud Filtrate Contamination◙ Complex hydrocarbons

• Flow assurance issues• Hydrocarbon Solids• Heavy Oils

• Compartmentalization• Fluid Contacts within Sample Interval

◙ Unconventional Reservoirs• Heterogeneities

• Alternating rock types, Sand-Shale-Carbonates• Varied Hardness and Densities, Cemented-Friable-Unconsolidated• Fractured and Vuggular Rocks


The Importance of Proper Core Processing

The reliability of the petrophysical measurements, made in the laboratory, is dependent upon the quality of the core and fluid sampling.


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Downhole Reservoir Fluids Sampling


Objectives:◙ Single Phase Fluid

• In situ Pressure• Constant Volume• In situ Temperature

◙ “Clean” Sample• No filtrate• Downhole Analysis

• Infrared CQ◙ Multiple Samples

• Sufficient Volumes


Formation Fluids Test Sampling

Core Lab


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Drill Cuttings


Objectives:◙ Formation “Rocks”◙ Issues

• Depth Control• Subjective• Cross Contamination• Mechanical Alteration

◙ Value• Mineralogy• Texture• Continuous Sequence


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Percussion Sidewall Coring Tools


◙ Rocks at Depth• On Wire line• On Drill pipe

◙ “Shot” into formation• Black powder charge

◙ Multiple Samples• Groups of 30-50

◙ Issues?• Fractured, Compacted• “Mud-shot”


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Drilled-Rotary Sidewall Coring Tools


◙ Rocks at Depth• On Wire line• On Drill pipe

◙ “Drilled” into formation• Controlled parameters

• RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit

◙ Multiple Samples• Groups of 30-50

◙ Issues?• Limited to cemented rock• Otherwise GREAT!

Baker Atlas


Rotary Core Receiving Tube


“Conventional” Coring◙ Continuous Cylindrical Section of formation

• On Drill pipe • On Wire line

◙ “Drilled” into formation• Controlled parameters

• RPM, Penetration Rate, Weight on bit

◙ Multiple Lengths, Extended Cores• 30’ intervals (30, 60, 90…)

◙ Requires proper tool for rock type• Unconsolidated, Friable, Cemented, Fractured

◙ Special Barrels• Inner Sleeves, Sponge Core, Full Closure, Pressure Retained,

Oriented Core◙ Trip out of the hole requires planning

• “The Bends”


High Quality Cores Require PLANNING

CT image cross-section of 4” OD core in liner

Damage due to rapid gas expansion; fast trip

Recommended Trip Schedule (Core Point to Surface)Core 1 (2280 m)

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2250

2500

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Trip Rate (meters / hour)

De

pth

- T

VD

(m

)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Incremental Gas Displaced (cc)

Nexen Petroleum International, LTDZorro No. 1 (K-1)Offshore, Equatorial Guinea

30 minute wait period to allow for gas evolution

Indication of critical gas

Bubble point

Gas bubbles forming

“Critical Gas”bubbles coalescing

Tremendous gas expansion


Coring Mode Core Retrieval Mode

OuterCore

Barrel

Full-ClosureCore

Catcher

CoreBit

Core

Core

“Conventional” Coring

Baker Hugh Inteq


Specialized Coring Tools

◙ Wire line Coring◙ Coring While Drilling◙ Pressure Core System ◙ Full Closure System◙ Oriented Coring◙ JamBustersm Tool◙ Sponge Core Barrel◙ Gel CoringSM System


Specialized Coring Tools

◙ Wire line Coring◙ Coring While Drilling

• Sample on demand

◙ Pressure Core System• Pressure Retained Barrel

• In situ saturation• In situ pressure


Specialized Coring ToolsFull Closure Systems

◙ Full closure catchers and inner barrel liners• Unconsolidated rocks• Fractured rocks


Specialized Coring ToolsDirectional Sampling

◙ Oriented Coring• Directional features• Fractures, bedding orientation• Directional-horizontal drilling• Well placement


Specialized Coring ToolFractured Reservoirs

◙ Sleeved Cores• JamBustersm

• Telescoping sleeves• 2 restarts


Specialized Coring Tools Sponge Core Analysis


Specialized Coring Tools Gel Core

◙ Sleeved Cores• Gel Cores

• Minimize filtrate invasion• Preserve core wettability

• “fresh-state” testing



The “Future” of Downhole Coring and SamplingVERY Remote Locations!

Lunar Polar Coring Lander

Department of Aerospace Engineeringand Engineering Mechanics

The University of Texas at Austin

Downhole Coring and Sampling, pumpsandpipesmdhc

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