DomainArchae

DomainBacteria

KingdomProtista

Kingdom Plantae

KingdomAnimalia

Kingdom Fungi

# of cells

Type of cell w/ regard to organellesMode of nutrition

Examplespecies

DomainArchae

DomainBacteria

KingdomProtista

Kingdom Plantae

KingdomAnimalia

Kingdom Fungi

# of cells unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies andmulticelled

multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled

Type of cell w/ regard to organelles

Mode of nutrition

Examplespecies

DomainArchae

DomainBacteria

KingdomProtista

Kingdom Plantae

KingdomAnimalia

Kingdom Fungi

# of cells unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies andmulticelled

multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled

Type of cell w/ regard to organelles

prokaryotic

prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic

Mode of nutrition

Examplespecies

DomainArchae

DomainBacteria

KingdomProtista

Kingdom Plantae

KingdomAnimalia

Kingdom Fungi

# of cells unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies andmulticelled

multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled

Type of cell w/ regard to organelles

prokaryotic prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic

Mode of nutrition

Chemo-autotrophic

autotrophic orheterotr.

autotrophic orheterotrohic

Photo-autotrophic but rarely hetero.

heterotrophic heterotrophic

Examplespecies

DomainArchae

DomainBacteria

KingdomProtista

Kingdom Plantae

KingdomAnimalia

Kingdom Fungi

# of cells unicelled unicelled unicelled, colonies andmulticelled

multicelled multicelled multicelled, but rarely unicelluled

Type of cell w/ regard to organelles

prokaryotic prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic

Mode of nutrition

Chemo-autotrophic

autotrophic orheterotr.

autotrophic orheterotrohic

Photo-autotrophic but rarely hetero.

heterotrophic heterotrophic

Examplespecies

methan.halophilesthermo.

E. coliStaph.cyanobact.

Parameciumslime moldkelp

mossapplefern

spongeearthwormchimp

yeastmushroomPenicillium

Classification:

Organizing the Unity & Diversity of Life

Why organize?

• Since Darwin– Known species increased to 1.8 million

• Millions more to be discovered• Tropics & deep sea

Systematics

• Science of naming & grouping organisms– To understand diversity– To organize by evolutionary relationships

• Taxonomy– Naming & grouping by criteria such as

appearance

Naming & Grouping

• Naming: Genus species– Common names

• confusing • not universal

– Ex. • Cougar, puma, panther, mountain lion = Felis concolor

http://www.exoticcatz.com/photoalbum/albums/userpics/10001/normal_cougar~0.jpg

Felis concolor

International confusion

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/

In UK, “buzzard” = hawk

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2062/1895127243_b8956555d3.jpg

In US, “buzzard” =vulture

Binomial nomenclature: (2-part scientific name)

• Developed by– Linnaeus – Swedish botanist

• You should know:– In Latin– In italics– 2 parts:

• Genus– Group of closely related species

• species – Description of habitat or important trait

http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/POLAR%20BEAR.jpg

Ursus maritimusUrsus contains 5 other speciesof bears.maritimus means sea

Ursus arctos

http://www.raveplants.com/images/wettolerant/acer_rubrum.jpg

Can you guess what

Acer rubrumlooks like?

Acer = maplerubrum = red

Taxa = ranking level

• Originally, Linnaeus had 4 levels• Now = 7 taxa

Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Came Order Over Family For Genus Good species spaghetti

Kingdoms then & now• Then

– 2 kingdoms• Plants• Animals

• Now– More kingdoms added as

knowledge increases– 6 kingdoms

• Eubacteria• Archaebacteria• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

Domains

• Larger category than kingdoms• 3 domains recognized

– domain Bacteria: Eubacteria– domain Archaea: Archaebacteria– domain Eukarya: Fungi, Plantae, Animalia,

“Protista”

Modern Evolutionary Classification

• Darwin’s “tree of life”– Descent with modification

• Phylogeny = grouping by evolutionary descent– Share more recent

common ancestor– Clade = includes all species from common ancestor

http://mikeely.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/darwins_first_tree_of_life.jpg

Cladogram

• Shows how evolutionary lines branched off from common ancestors

• Branch point (node)– Speciation

• Root– Common ancestor

DNA in classification

• Shared genes determine evolutionary relationships– Ex.

• All Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria• Mitochondria have their own genes• Genes mutate over time• Shared genes show how recently organisms shared

common ancestor