Do Now

What is matter?What are elements?What is the periodic table used for?

Objectives

To list the different elements found in living things.

To explain what bonds are used for.To determine the different functions of

the 4 macromolecules as well as water in the body.

“How Cells Function”Chapter 2

A. Elements and Matter

What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space

A. Elements and Matter

i. All living and non-living things can be broken down into elements.

ii. Elements: pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.

Periodic Table Information

Atomic number- tells us the # of protons (and electrons)

Symbol- unique for each element.

Atomic Mass- # of protons plus # neutrons

C6

12.02

A. Elements and Matter

iii. Each element has it’s own set of properties.

Ex: Oxygen

Colorless

Odorless

gas

B. Elements in the body

i.

Oxygen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Calcium

Phosphorus

19 others

B. Elements in the body

ii. Can be found as a pure element or as a compound.**

Compound: atoms of 2 or more elements joined together by chemical bonds.

Ex: H2O (has both elements hydrogen and oxygen in it)

C. Atoms

Elements are made up of atomsi. Atom: smallest unit of an element

that still retains the properties of that element.

C. Atoms

Building blocks of matterContain 3 parts

Protons: positively charged, contain mass

Neutrons: no charge, contain massElectrons: negatively charged,

insignificant mass

+

-

Do Now!!

What is a compound?

Give an example

Name 3 elements found in our body.

What are the 3 parts of an atom and where are they located?

Objectives

To list and describe the different macromolecules found in our bodies.

To understand the importance of water in our bodies

To complete WebQuest

Chemical Reactions

Why do we need chemical reactions?

ii. Chemical Reactions: bonds between atoms are broken or formed to make different molecules in the body.

Broken bonds: release energy

Formed bonds: store energy

+ ATP

(energy)

Macromolecules

Macro= BIG4 different macromolecules all

doing a different job in our body!

A. Carbohydrates

Give us energy!!Made up of C, H, O

A. Carbohydrates

Types of Carbs:

Simple: sugars like glucose, fructose, galactose

Ex: cookies, candy

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Complex: starches, glycogen, cellulose (fiber)

Ex: potatoes, leafy vegetables

Polysaccharides

Monosaccharide (glucose)

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

B. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes)

Store energy, insulation, protection

Made up of C,H,O

Contain a glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

Fats are hydroPHOBIC- do not dissolve in water.

B. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) Types:

Saturated: solid fat, BAD FOR YOU , comes from animalsEx: lard, butter, fat on steak or

chickenUnsaturated: liquid, better for you ,

comes from vegetablesEx: vegetable oil, peanut oil, canola

oil

o Trans: worst type of fato Mostly man-madeo Raises bad cholesterol, lowers good

Do Now!!

What are carbohydrates used in our bodies for?

Name some examples of foods containing carbohydrates.

What are lipids used in our bodies for?Name examples of foods that contain both

saturated and unsaturated fats.

Objectives

To understand why we need protein in our diet.

To explain the function of nucleic acids in our bodies.

To understand how water provides a medium for chemical reactions in our body.

C. Protein

Growth, repair, enzymes, transport

Made of C,H,O,N, and sometimes sulfur

Structure is repeating amino acidsBody makes some, we

must EAT to get others. Order of amino acids

tells the protein what job it has.

D. Nucleic Acids

Holds genetic information!!

Made up of C,O,H,N,P

Structure is repeating nucleotides

D. Nucleic Acids

Types:DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (the blueprints

for our cells)

RNA: ribonucleic acid (helps take the blueprints and make protein)

E. Water

Chemical reactions take place in water!!Known as the “universal solvent” because

it dissolves things. Ex: lemonade, kool aid, etc.

Made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen

E. Water

Makes up 70% of your body massCannot dissolve lipids (fats), our

membranes are made up of lipidsWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT??

Do Now!!

What is an enzyme?What does an enzyme act on?Why does an enzyme have a

specific shape?

Objectives

To define and give an example of an enzyme

To discuss the role of enzymes and why they’re important

To design our own lab procedures around enzyme action!

What you should know about enzymes!

-Specialized proteins that act as “catalyst” (speeds up a reaction)

- Usually end in “ase”

-Not consumed in the reaction

What do they do?

How do they work?

A substrate fits in the active site of an enzyme.

This forms an enzyme substrate complex.

They then break or form bonds.

How do they work?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4

Enzymes in liver..

In our cells, hydrogen peroxide is produced as by-product:

Poisonous

Would kill cells if not broken down or removed right away

Catalase: breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

2H2O2 2H2O + O2

Catalase

So ponder this…

What happens if we mix liver (a source of catalase) with hydrogen peroxide???

Do Now!!

Socrative time!!Please join room: dd236591

Objectives

To review enzymes and what their purpose is

To start designing our own experiments!

Let’s brainstorm…

Do Now!!

o What is the goal of the experiments you’re designing?

o What are the factors you’re testing?

o What is the desired outcome (your hypothesis)?

Objectives

To design an experiment on catalase activityTo discuss lipids, nucleic acids, and water, and

how they affect the bodyTo complete a periodic table review sheet

Let’s talk about catalase…

Optimum temperature: about 37ºC (98.6ºF)

Let’s talk about catalase…

Optimum pH: around 7.0-8.0

Do Now!!

What are the 4 macromolecules of life?

What do we get from carbohydrates?

What makes up proteins?

Objectives

Complete periodic table review sheetDiscuss the importance of lipids and

nucleic acidsTo complete a macromolecule

webquest

Do Now!!

How many neutrons does carbon have?How many protons does chlorine have?How many electrons does hydrogen have?Explain to the person next to you how you

determine the number of neutrons!

Objectives

To complete Biochemistry WebQuest.To finish notes on macromolecules.To run our experiments!!!