D O N OW What is matter? What are elements? What is the periodic table used for?
Do Now What is matter? What are elements? What is the periodic table used for? What is matter? ...
Transcript of Do Now What is matter? What are elements? What is the periodic table used for? What is matter? ...
Do Now
What is matter?What are elements?What is the periodic table used for?
Objectives
To list the different elements found in living things.
To explain what bonds are used for.To determine the different functions of
the 4 macromolecules as well as water in the body.
“How Cells Function”Chapter 2
A. Elements and Matter
What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space
A. Elements and Matter
i. All living and non-living things can be broken down into elements.
ii. Elements: pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
Periodic Table Information
Atomic number- tells us the # of protons (and electrons)
Symbol- unique for each element.
Atomic Mass- # of protons plus # neutrons
C6
12.02
A. Elements and Matter
iii. Each element has it’s own set of properties.
Ex: Oxygen
Colorless
Odorless
gas
B. Elements in the body
i.
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorus
19 others
B. Elements in the body
ii. Can be found as a pure element or as a compound.**
Compound: atoms of 2 or more elements joined together by chemical bonds.
Ex: H2O (has both elements hydrogen and oxygen in it)
C. Atoms
Elements are made up of atomsi. Atom: smallest unit of an element
that still retains the properties of that element.
C. Atoms
Building blocks of matterContain 3 parts
Protons: positively charged, contain mass
Neutrons: no charge, contain massElectrons: negatively charged,
insignificant mass
+
-
Do Now!!
What is a compound?
Give an example
Name 3 elements found in our body.
What are the 3 parts of an atom and where are they located?
Objectives
To list and describe the different macromolecules found in our bodies.
To understand the importance of water in our bodies
To complete WebQuest
Chemical Reactions
Why do we need chemical reactions?
ii. Chemical Reactions: bonds between atoms are broken or formed to make different molecules in the body.
Broken bonds: release energy
Formed bonds: store energy
+ ATP
(energy)
Macromolecules
Macro= BIG4 different macromolecules all
doing a different job in our body!
A. Carbohydrates
Give us energy!!Made up of C, H, O
A. Carbohydrates
Types of Carbs:
Simple: sugars like glucose, fructose, galactose
Ex: cookies, candy
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Complex: starches, glycogen, cellulose (fiber)
Ex: potatoes, leafy vegetables
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharide (glucose)
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
B. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes)
Store energy, insulation, protection
Made up of C,H,O
Contain a glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
Fats are hydroPHOBIC- do not dissolve in water.
B. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) Types:
Saturated: solid fat, BAD FOR YOU , comes from animalsEx: lard, butter, fat on steak or
chickenUnsaturated: liquid, better for you ,
comes from vegetablesEx: vegetable oil, peanut oil, canola
oil
o Trans: worst type of fato Mostly man-madeo Raises bad cholesterol, lowers good
Do Now!!
What are carbohydrates used in our bodies for?
Name some examples of foods containing carbohydrates.
What are lipids used in our bodies for?Name examples of foods that contain both
saturated and unsaturated fats.
Objectives
To understand why we need protein in our diet.
To explain the function of nucleic acids in our bodies.
To understand how water provides a medium for chemical reactions in our body.
C. Protein
Growth, repair, enzymes, transport
Made of C,H,O,N, and sometimes sulfur
Structure is repeating amino acidsBody makes some, we
must EAT to get others. Order of amino acids
tells the protein what job it has.
D. Nucleic Acids
Holds genetic information!!
Made up of C,O,H,N,P
Structure is repeating nucleotides
D. Nucleic Acids
Types:DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (the blueprints
for our cells)
RNA: ribonucleic acid (helps take the blueprints and make protein)
E. Water
Chemical reactions take place in water!!Known as the “universal solvent” because
it dissolves things. Ex: lemonade, kool aid, etc.
Made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
E. Water
Makes up 70% of your body massCannot dissolve lipids (fats), our
membranes are made up of lipidsWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT??
Do Now!!
What is an enzyme?What does an enzyme act on?Why does an enzyme have a
specific shape?
Objectives
To define and give an example of an enzyme
To discuss the role of enzymes and why they’re important
To design our own lab procedures around enzyme action!
What you should know about enzymes!
-Specialized proteins that act as “catalyst” (speeds up a reaction)
- Usually end in “ase”
-Not consumed in the reaction
What do they do?
How do they work?
A substrate fits in the active site of an enzyme.
This forms an enzyme substrate complex.
They then break or form bonds.
How do they work?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4
Enzymes in liver..
In our cells, hydrogen peroxide is produced as by-product:
Poisonous
Would kill cells if not broken down or removed right away
Catalase: breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
2H2O2 2H2O + O2
Catalase
So ponder this…
What happens if we mix liver (a source of catalase) with hydrogen peroxide???
Do Now!!
Socrative time!!Please join room: dd236591
Objectives
To review enzymes and what their purpose is
To start designing our own experiments!
Let’s brainstorm…
Do Now!!
o What is the goal of the experiments you’re designing?
o What are the factors you’re testing?
o What is the desired outcome (your hypothesis)?
Objectives
To design an experiment on catalase activityTo discuss lipids, nucleic acids, and water, and
how they affect the bodyTo complete a periodic table review sheet
Let’s talk about catalase…
Optimum temperature: about 37ºC (98.6ºF)
Let’s talk about catalase…
Optimum pH: around 7.0-8.0
Do Now!!
What are the 4 macromolecules of life?
What do we get from carbohydrates?
What makes up proteins?
Objectives
Complete periodic table review sheetDiscuss the importance of lipids and
nucleic acidsTo complete a macromolecule
webquest
Do Now!!
How many neutrons does carbon have?How many protons does chlorine have?How many electrons does hydrogen have?Explain to the person next to you how you
determine the number of neutrons!
Objectives
To complete Biochemistry WebQuest.To finish notes on macromolecules.To run our experiments!!!