Do Now: Think, Pair, Share

• {Copy question into CB}• What kinds of problems do vast(huge, enormous)

empires face?– Think about it and write 3 possible answers in

your composition books (1 minute)– Discuss with the person sitting next to you (2

minutes)– I will call on people to share their thoughts

Standards 7.2.4 & 7.2.5

Muslim Expansion: Conquest & Trade

How to keep an empire together?

• Inclusion-a policy of allowing

different cultures safety and participation in order to keep a large, diverse empire stable.

• Muslim culture included some of the customs and traditions of non-Arabs

• Encouraged all people to participate in government

• All Muslims = Treated equal (whether Arab or not)

• Extremely tolerant of “People of the Book”– Pact of Umar Non-Muslims

will not show their religious differences, and they are guaranteed safety.

The Process of Conversion

• Islam = faith of the ruling group, so:– Officials might be naturally drawn to power that

would come with conversion– Immigrants—to avoid taxes paid by non-Muslims– Simple religion—no formal, elaborate church (yet)• 5 pillars only requirement

Umayyads and Abbasids

• The Umayyad and Abbasid Empires

• Umayyad – The family which took power after the Rightly Guided Caliphate. Capital in Damascus, Syria.

• Abbasid – The family which overthrew the Umayyads and established their Caliphate in Baghdad, Iraq.

Umayyads1.Expansion –East (661-700s): Persia,

Central Asia–West (710s) North Africa, (711) Spain [Iberian Peninsula]

• Tariq ibn Ziyad

2. Uniting the Empire -Abd al-Malik

Strong government bureacracy --Emirs

Arabic = official language Common coinage [money] Culture Blending/inclusion –

Islam is appealing to many Build mosques and other

monumental buildings

Umayyads

3. Fall-Religious/political differences

Damascus too far West

East = main strengthQuarrels over

SuccessionGovernment directed

by self-interest and worldly gains

OR MAYBE Empire too large to

controlAbbassids overthrow

Umayyads in 750 CE

• Vocabulary:– Iberian Peninsula Spain/Portugal– Bureaucracy system of agencies/people who do

work of government– Emir Muslim governors of Umayyad provinces– DamascusCapital of Umayyad Caliphate– Abd al-MalikUmayyad ruler who introduced

common coinage and official language(Arabic)– Tariq ibn Ziyad leads conquest of Hispania, requires

soldiers to help spread Islam

The Umayyad Empire

• Vocabulary:– Baghdad capital of Abbasid Dynasty, between Tigris

and Euphrates Rivers, Wealthy city, fertile land.– Standing army army kept during times of peace AND

war– Golden Age period when society/culture is at its best– Factions opposing (or enemy) groups– Fatimids Faction which drove Abbasids out of Egypt– Seljuk Turks Conquered Bahgdad and overthrew

Abbasids

The Abbasids

Muslims in Spain

• VOCAB– Al Andalus Muslim Spain– Cordoba Wealthy capital city of Muslim Spain,

cultural center– Abd al Rahman III (912) Strong leader who

brought stability to Muslim Spain by uniting Spanish Muslims and building a huge standing army

– Battle of Tours (732) Christians defeated Muslims—significant b/c Europe = Christian.

Rubric for Arabia Book

This book should be everything from your notes, arranged neatly into a book format. This book will be your guide on your test.

GOOD NOTES = GOOD BOOK!Graded PER SECTION!1.Vocabulary/Terms---------------____/4 2.Pictures-----------------------------____/43.Neatness/Quality----------------____/44.Spelling/Grammar---------------____/4

Idea/Word Definition/MeaningWhere were cities usually located?

•Along trade routes•Near water (hint: near an OASIS)

People who lived in cities are…

•Sedentary people•Known as city-dwellers (merchants, artisans, the rich, etc.)

Cities were… •Centers of trade

Growth of Cities

• Why is Arabia’s location good for trade?

• What were some of the things people traded?

• Other than trade goods, what else might travel along these routes?

Map Questions: Trade