Do Now: After reading the article “Civil War: 10 Things You Should Know” rank the items in a chart

What I already knew What I didn’t know

Now choose one of the “What I didn’t know” items and summarize it.

Early Years of the Warchart - notes

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We will learn… • what successes and failures the North

and the South had in the early years of the Civil War.

Early Years of the War

• how the North’s naval blockade hurt the South

• how the battle of Antietam turned the tide of the war.

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Civil War cannon

Location:

Manassas, Virginia - near a river called Bull Run

Dates:

July 21, 1861

Bull Run

Events:• 30,000 inexperienced Union

troops commanded by Gen. Irvin McDowel attacked confederate troops led by P.G.T. Beauregard.

• Yankees drove Confederates back at first.

• Rebels rallied under Gen. Thomas Jackson – became known as “Stonewall Jackson”.

Bull Run

Bull Run

• Terrified Union troops retreated. Confederates were victorious but did not pursue.

Outcome:• Confederates unleashed a

counter attack and surged forward with a “rebel yell”.

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Bull Run

• President Abraham Lincoln requested 1 million soldiers who would serve for 3 years.

• Lincoln appointed a new general, George B. McClellan, to head the Union army of the East–called the Army of the Potomac–and organize the troops.

Effects:• Northerners began to understand that the war

could be a long, difficult, and costly struggle.

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Battle of Bull Run

Location:

Norfolk, Virginia

Chesapeake Bay

Date:

March 9, 1862

Monitor vs. Merrimack

Events:• Confederates had salvages a Union warship

(Merrimack), rebuilt it, outfitted it in iron and renamed it the Virginia

• North had an iron clad ship, Monitor • On March 9, the two ironclads exchanged fire,

but neither ship could sink the other.

Monitor vs. Merrimack

Outcome:• The Union succeeded in keeping the Merrimack

in the harbor, so it never again threatened Northern ships.

Effects:

• South is not able to break Northern blockade

Monitor vs. Merrimack

Lincoln’s Plan

War at Sea

Location:

Shiloh, Tennessee (near important railroad junction along Tennessee River)

Date:

April 6-7, 1862

Shiloh

Events:• Confederate forces led by Albert Sidney

Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise attack on the Union troops.

• On the first day of battle, the Confederates drove Grant and his troops back to the Tennessee River.

• On the second day, the Union forces recovered and defeated the Confederates, who withdrew to Corinth.

• Grant becomes known as “Unconditional Surrender” Grant

Shiloh

April 6 – first day of battle at Shiloh. The Confederates pushed the Union center to the “sunken road”. This became known as the “hornets nest” as the

Confederates unleashed a volley of fire so fierce that the bullets were like hornets whizzing by their ears.

Outcome:• Together the two armies suffered

20,000 casualties–people killed or wounded– including Confederate general Johnston who died in the bloodbath.

Effect:• Union forces gained control of Corinth

on May 30, and, on June 6, Memphis, Tennessee, fell to Union armies.

Shiloh

The War in the West

Battle of Shiloh

DO NOW: Describe the success and failures of the North in the early

years of the war:

Northern Successes •

•

•

Northern Failures•

•

•

Northern Successes • Shiloh

• New Orleans

• Antietam

(Monitor vs. Merrimack)

Northern Failures• Fort Sumter

• Bull Run

• 7 Days Battle

• 2nd Battle of Bull Run

Location:

New Orleans, Louisiana

Date:

April 25,1862

New Orleans

Events:• Union naval forces under David Farragut

captured New Orleans, Louisiana, the largest city in the South.

New Orleans

Outcome:• Union capture of New Orleans, near the mouth of

the Mississippi River, meant that the Confederacy could no longer use the river to carry its crops to sea.

Effects:• Farragut’s capture of New Orleans gave Union

forces control of almost all the Mississippi River.

New Orleans

Location:

Richmond, Virginia – near James River

Date:

June 1862

Seven Days Battle

Events:• McClellan moved his huge army by ship to a peninsula

between the York and the James Rivers southeast of the city.

• From there he began a major offensive known as the Peninsula Campaign.

• McClellan’s delays allowed the Confederates to prepare Richmond’s defense.

• At the end of June, the Union forces finally met the Confederates in a series of encounters known as the Seven Days battles

• Confederate commander James E.B. (J.E.B.) Stuart, led his 1,200 troops in a circle around the Union army, gathering vital information about Union positions and boosting Southern morale

Seven Days Battle

Outcome:• General Lee boldly

countered Union advances and eventually drove the Yankees back to the James River.

Seven Days Battle

Effects:• The North failed to capture Confederate capital of

Richmond & South’s morale was boosted

War in the East

Seven Days Battle

Location:

Sharpsburg, Maryland

Date:

September 17, 1862

Antietam

Events:• Confederate president Jefferson Davis ordered Lee

to launch an offensive into Maryland northwest of Washington.

• As Lee’s army marched into Maryland in September 1862, McClellan and 80,000 Union troops moved slowly after them.

• Lee gathered most of his forces together near Sharpsburg, Maryland, along the Antietam Creek.

• The Union and the Confederate armies clashed on September 17 in the Battle of Antietam–the single bloodiest day of the entire war.

Antietam

Outcome:• Confederate forces held the Union out of

Sharpsburg, but Lee decided not to stay and occupy the town after having received no aid from the slave holding area.

• Resulted in 23,000 casualties.

Effects:• Lee withdrew to Virginia, allowing the Union

troops to claim victory. • McClellan did not pursue the Confederate troops,

Lincoln replaced him with Gen. Ambrose Burnsides

• Gives Lincoln the victory he wanted to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Antietam

Bloody LaneHagerstown Road

ReviewCreate a flow chart to show the main

sequence of events in the Battle of Antietam

McClellan is

replaced by Gen.

Burnsides

With your partner:• Take a look at p. 492-493 in your book

• Read over the descriptions and look at the map of Antietam

• Answer the two “Learning from Geography” questions

With your partner:• Write a letter home from the perspective of

a soldier who just fought in the Battle of Shiloh

DO NOW:

READ the story on p. 465 and answer the two “Analyzing Literature” questions.

Also answer:

• What was the setting?

• Who was the main character?

• What was the plot?

The Battle of Antietam (cont.)

• Lincoln placed General Ambrose Burnside in command of the Army of the Potomac.

• The Army of the Potomac finally gained some confidence, having forced Lee and his soldiers back south.

• President Lincoln used the Battle of Antietam to take action against slavery.

• The president, disgusted with McClellan’s failure to follow up his victory, removed McClellan from his command.

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• Write a newspaper headline to describe the events of the Monitor vs. Merrimack battle

• Draw a picture to illustrate the battle

With your partner:

Study Guide

On Study Guide, you should be able to answer:

Bull Run

Hampton Roads (Monitor vs. Merrimack)

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Questions #1, 2, 3, 4, 6