Do Now: After reading the article “Civil War: 10 Things You Should Know” rank the items in a...
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Transcript of Do Now: After reading the article “Civil War: 10 Things You Should Know” rank the items in a...
Do Now: After reading the article “Civil War: 10 Things You Should Know” rank the items in a chart
What I already knew What I didn’t know
Now choose one of the “What I didn’t know” items and summarize it.
Early Years of the Warchart - notes
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We will learn… • what successes and failures the North
and the South had in the early years of the Civil War.
Early Years of the War
• how the North’s naval blockade hurt the South
• how the battle of Antietam turned the tide of the war.
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Civil War cannon
Location:
Manassas, Virginia - near a river called Bull Run
Dates:
July 21, 1861
Bull Run
Events:• 30,000 inexperienced Union
troops commanded by Gen. Irvin McDowel attacked confederate troops led by P.G.T. Beauregard.
• Yankees drove Confederates back at first.
• Rebels rallied under Gen. Thomas Jackson – became known as “Stonewall Jackson”.
Bull Run
Bull Run
• Terrified Union troops retreated. Confederates were victorious but did not pursue.
Outcome:• Confederates unleashed a
counter attack and surged forward with a “rebel yell”.
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Bull Run
• President Abraham Lincoln requested 1 million soldiers who would serve for 3 years.
• Lincoln appointed a new general, George B. McClellan, to head the Union army of the East–called the Army of the Potomac–and organize the troops.
Effects:• Northerners began to understand that the war
could be a long, difficult, and costly struggle.
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Battle of Bull Run
Location:
Norfolk, Virginia
Chesapeake Bay
Date:
March 9, 1862
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Events:• Confederates had salvages a Union warship
(Merrimack), rebuilt it, outfitted it in iron and renamed it the Virginia
• North had an iron clad ship, Monitor • On March 9, the two ironclads exchanged fire,
but neither ship could sink the other.
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Outcome:• The Union succeeded in keeping the Merrimack
in the harbor, so it never again threatened Northern ships.
Effects:
• South is not able to break Northern blockade
Monitor vs. Merrimack
Lincoln’s Plan
War at Sea
Location:
Shiloh, Tennessee (near important railroad junction along Tennessee River)
Date:
April 6-7, 1862
Shiloh
Events:• Confederate forces led by Albert Sidney
Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise attack on the Union troops.
• On the first day of battle, the Confederates drove Grant and his troops back to the Tennessee River.
• On the second day, the Union forces recovered and defeated the Confederates, who withdrew to Corinth.
• Grant becomes known as “Unconditional Surrender” Grant
Shiloh
April 6 – first day of battle at Shiloh. The Confederates pushed the Union center to the “sunken road”. This became known as the “hornets nest” as the
Confederates unleashed a volley of fire so fierce that the bullets were like hornets whizzing by their ears.
Outcome:• Together the two armies suffered
20,000 casualties–people killed or wounded– including Confederate general Johnston who died in the bloodbath.
Effect:• Union forces gained control of Corinth
on May 30, and, on June 6, Memphis, Tennessee, fell to Union armies.
Shiloh
The War in the West
Battle of Shiloh
DO NOW: Describe the success and failures of the North in the early
years of the war:
Northern Successes •
•
•
Northern Failures•
•
•
Northern Successes • Shiloh
• New Orleans
• Antietam
(Monitor vs. Merrimack)
Northern Failures• Fort Sumter
• Bull Run
• 7 Days Battle
• 2nd Battle of Bull Run
Location:
New Orleans, Louisiana
Date:
April 25,1862
New Orleans
Events:• Union naval forces under David Farragut
captured New Orleans, Louisiana, the largest city in the South.
New Orleans
Outcome:• Union capture of New Orleans, near the mouth of
the Mississippi River, meant that the Confederacy could no longer use the river to carry its crops to sea.
Effects:• Farragut’s capture of New Orleans gave Union
forces control of almost all the Mississippi River.
New Orleans
Location:
Richmond, Virginia – near James River
Date:
June 1862
Seven Days Battle
Events:• McClellan moved his huge army by ship to a peninsula
between the York and the James Rivers southeast of the city.
• From there he began a major offensive known as the Peninsula Campaign.
• McClellan’s delays allowed the Confederates to prepare Richmond’s defense.
• At the end of June, the Union forces finally met the Confederates in a series of encounters known as the Seven Days battles
• Confederate commander James E.B. (J.E.B.) Stuart, led his 1,200 troops in a circle around the Union army, gathering vital information about Union positions and boosting Southern morale
Seven Days Battle
Outcome:• General Lee boldly
countered Union advances and eventually drove the Yankees back to the James River.
Seven Days Battle
Effects:• The North failed to capture Confederate capital of
Richmond & South’s morale was boosted
War in the East
Seven Days Battle
Location:
Sharpsburg, Maryland
Date:
September 17, 1862
Antietam
Events:• Confederate president Jefferson Davis ordered Lee
to launch an offensive into Maryland northwest of Washington.
• As Lee’s army marched into Maryland in September 1862, McClellan and 80,000 Union troops moved slowly after them.
• Lee gathered most of his forces together near Sharpsburg, Maryland, along the Antietam Creek.
• The Union and the Confederate armies clashed on September 17 in the Battle of Antietam–the single bloodiest day of the entire war.
Antietam
Outcome:• Confederate forces held the Union out of
Sharpsburg, but Lee decided not to stay and occupy the town after having received no aid from the slave holding area.
• Resulted in 23,000 casualties.
Effects:• Lee withdrew to Virginia, allowing the Union
troops to claim victory. • McClellan did not pursue the Confederate troops,
Lincoln replaced him with Gen. Ambrose Burnsides
• Gives Lincoln the victory he wanted to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
Antietam
Bloody LaneHagerstown Road
ReviewCreate a flow chart to show the main
sequence of events in the Battle of Antietam
McClellan is
replaced by Gen.
Burnsides
With your partner:• Take a look at p. 492-493 in your book
• Read over the descriptions and look at the map of Antietam
• Answer the two “Learning from Geography” questions
With your partner:• Write a letter home from the perspective of
a soldier who just fought in the Battle of Shiloh
DO NOW:
READ the story on p. 465 and answer the two “Analyzing Literature” questions.
Also answer:
• What was the setting?
• Who was the main character?
• What was the plot?
The Battle of Antietam (cont.)
• Lincoln placed General Ambrose Burnside in command of the Army of the Potomac.
• The Army of the Potomac finally gained some confidence, having forced Lee and his soldiers back south.
• President Lincoln used the Battle of Antietam to take action against slavery.
• The president, disgusted with McClellan’s failure to follow up his victory, removed McClellan from his command.
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• Write a newspaper headline to describe the events of the Monitor vs. Merrimack battle
• Draw a picture to illustrate the battle
With your partner:
Study Guide
On Study Guide, you should be able to answer:
Bull Run
Hampton Roads (Monitor vs. Merrimack)
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Questions #1, 2, 3, 4, 6