Development of drought tolerance germplasm for improved cassava

productivity in marginal agro-ecology of Nigeria

Grand Challenge # 9:Create a Nutrient Rich Staple Plant

Okogbenin E, Akinbo O, Egesi C, Ewa F, Ekaette E, Adebija C

Accelerating the Green Revolution in Nigeria. Overview of PASS Projects in Nigeria, Kano, 26-28 September 2011

Outline

Brief Background of NRCRI, Umudike Highlights of the main achievements Current collaborators prospective Collaboration with other PASS/AGRA projects

Key Challenges Acknowledgement

National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Nigeria

• One of the 17 Agricultural Research Institutes in Nigeria

• It became known as National Root Crops Research Institute in 1973

• Research Institutes under the Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN)

Cassava Map of Nigeria

Experimental site

Target agro-ecology

• Evaluation of Latin American germplasm for drought tolerance

• Evaluation of NRCRI/IITA germplasm for drought tolerance

• Evaluation of protein germplasm introduction from Latin America

Highlights of the main achievements

• Screening of drought tolerance elite materials from Latin America introduced through tissue culture technology

• Screening of drought tolerance materials from Latin America using botanical seeds

Yield of over 28 ton per ha for 2009/2010

AR38-8

CR100-

8

CR14B-2

18

CR15B-6

2

CR20A-2

CR39-1

3

CR52A-1

CW 4

50-1

2

CW 4

51-8

0

CW 4

82-1

6

CW45

0-46

CW52

5-1

NR/000

4

TMS

92/0

326

TMS

98/0

505

TMS

98/0

581

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

FRY tonha-1Tolerant

Susceptible

Potential

AR38-8

CR100-

8

CR14B-2

18

CR15B-6

2

CR20A-2

CR39-1

3

CR52A-1

CW 4

50-1

2

CW 4

51-8

0

CW 4

82-1

6

CW45

0-46

CW52

5-1

NR/000

4

TMS

92/0

326

TMS

98/0

505

TMS

98/0

581

02468

10121416

DRY (tonha-1)

Tolerant

Susceptible

Potential

Local as check for yield

Second year yield in pictures

Local check for diseases

Minimum MaximumStandard Deviation

Dankata (Local Check)

FRY(t/ha) 9.69 48.80 7.20 9.88

DRY(t/ha) 3.22 26.07 3.84 3.22

HI (0-1) 0.24 0.59 0.08 0.38

DMC(%) 19.68 37.34 3.81 30.62

CMD (1-5) 0.75 1.75 0.23 3.25

CBB (1-5) 1.00 3.00 0.53 1.00

CGM (1-5) 0.50 1.16 0.19 0.50

Simple statistics of characters of agronomic and diseases from screening of drought materials

Kano, 2011

sp plot

CW450-106

CR100-15

CW444-30

CW495-1

CR100-8

CR100-215

CW495-9

TMS9

1/02324

CW450-75

AR14-4

TME4

19

TMS9

8/0510

TMS9

5/0289

CR14B-218

CR20A-2

AR14-10

AR9-19

CW482-16

CR15B-7

CR15B-9

CR39-13

CW456-17

AR12-4

TMS9

6/1632

CR15B-62

CW450-72

CR15B-4

CW452-9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

FRY(ton/ha)D

an

kata

(Local C

heck)

Potential

sp plot

CW450-106

CR100-15

CW444-30

CW495-1

CR100-8

CR100-215

CW495-9

TMS9

1/02324

CW450-75

AR14-4

TME4

19

TMS9

8/0510

TMS9

5/0289

CR14B-218

CR20A-2

AR14-10

AR9-19

CW482-16

CR15B-7

CR15B-9

CR39-13

CW456-17

AR12-4

TMS9

6/1632

CR15B-62

CW450-72

CR15B-4

CW452-9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

DRY(ton/ha)D

an

kata

(Local C

heck)

Potential

sp plot

CW450-106

CR100-15

CW444-30

CW495-1

CR100-8

CR100-215

CW495-9

TMS9

1/02324

CW450-75

AR14-4

TME4

19

TMS9

8/0510

TMS9

5/0289

CR14B-218

CR20A-2

AR14-10

AR9-19

CW482-16

CR15B-7

CR15B-9

CR39-13

CW456-17

AR12-4

TMS9

6/1632

CR15B-62

CW450-72

CR15B-4

CW452-9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

DMC(%)

Yield results of 2010/2011 (protein field)

Simple statistics of characters of agronomic and diseases from screening of Protein materials

Abuja, 2011

Min Max Aver Standard Dev

FRY (ton/ha) 8.00 62.50 30.86 13.31

DRY (ton/ha) 2.48 35.65 12.69 6.09

DMC (%) 4.97 45.33 25.23 5.39

RtCol (1-7) 1.00 7.00 3.56 1.21

CMD (1-5) 0.46 3.00 1.25 0.49

CBB (1-5) 1.00 4.00 2.10 1.02

CAD (1-5) 0.21 3.00 1.03 0.28

Protein (%)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

No

of G

enot

ypes

0

5

10

15

20

Frequency distribution of the mean protein content from the screened Protein materials in

Abuja, 2011

• yield results of 2010/2011 (seedlings)

Simple statistics of characters of agronomic and diseases from seedling stage of drought

materials from Latin America

Min Max AverageStandard

Dev

Plt Type (1-5) 2.00 5.00 3.24 0.84CMD (1-5) 1.00 5.00 2.24 1.08CBB (1-5) 2.00 4.00 2.60 0.63CAD (1-5) 1.00 4.00 2.09 0.62DMC (%) 19.53 47.05 31.91 5.94HI (0-1) 0.13 0.92 0.54 0.19

FRY (ton/ha) 4.00 66.00 21.50 15.24DRY (ton/ha) 1.08 19.07 6.84 4.75Starch (%) 1.70 38.35 18.19 7.91

Selection Index

• Based on Fresh root yield, Dry root yield, Dry matter content, Vigor, Architecture, Harvest Index, Cassava mosaic disease, Cassava bacterial blight, cassava anthracnose disease

• SI = +(FRY*10)+(DRY*10)+(DMC*8)+(HI*8)-(Arch*7)-(vig*7)-(CMD*8)-(CBB*7)-(CAD*4)

• selection index for 2009 – 2011 for Latin America germplasm

CW525-1

AR9-5

CW450-75

TMS9

8/0581

NR87/184

TMS3

0572

CR14B-218

CW450-106

AR14-4

CW451-13

CW450-46

CR15B-9

AR9-19

CR15B-7

CW482-3

Dakata

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

FRY(ton/ha)

Potentials

Local ch

eck

Recommendation for Nationally Co-ordinated Research Project

(NCRP) 2012

• AR 9-5• CW 525-1

• Establishment of the selected germplasm with the local (Dankata and Danwaru as a check)

• Establishment picture of the current field in Kano

• Establishment of the drought tolerant germplasm in Kano

• Establishment of the protein/beta carotene/clonal drought trials in Kano

• Establishment of the protein/beta carotene/ trials in Abuja

Breeding approach♀ ♂

Segregating population from the hybridization

(Female parent) (Male parent)

Seedling nursery for mapping population

• crosses for drought complementary traits

Weather station under construction for accurate data collection onsite

Irrigation facilities under construction for field water supply during field establishment onsite

Nominated genotypes for release in 2011

• CR 36 – 5• NR 03/0155• NR 03/0211

Monitoring of Cassava On-farm Trials for release

Oron, Akwa Ibom State

Monitoring of Cassava On-farm Trials for release

Odukpani, Cross River State

Monitoring of Cassava On-farm Trials for release

Oron, Akwa Ibom State

Enugu, Enugu State

• Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources on green revolution programme

• Federal Ministry of commerce and Industries• New market driven objective motivated by

government policy• Value chain that allow development from production

through processing to cassava based products• Opening of market outlet to final end-users

Current & prospective Collaboration with other PASS/AGRA projects

• Facilities for screening in dry ecologies• On farm trials is capital intensive• Multiplication of stem cuttings takes time • Distribution of stem cuttings is expensive

(bulkiness)• Networking/meetings/discussing with farmers is

cost consuming• ADP workers are not fully functional

Key challenges

Acknowledgements

AGRA GCP

NRCRI, Umudike IAR, Zaria

Thank you for listening