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Transcript of Development of drought tolerance germplasm for improved cassava productivity in marginal...
Development of drought tolerance germplasm for improved cassava
productivity in marginal agro-ecology of Nigeria
Grand Challenge # 9:Create a Nutrient Rich Staple Plant
Okogbenin E, Akinbo O, Egesi C, Ewa F, Ekaette E, Adebija C
Accelerating the Green Revolution in Nigeria. Overview of PASS Projects in Nigeria, Kano, 26-28 September 2011
Outline
Brief Background of NRCRI, Umudike Highlights of the main achievements Current collaborators prospective Collaboration with other PASS/AGRA projects
Key Challenges Acknowledgement
National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Nigeria
• One of the 17 Agricultural Research Institutes in Nigeria
• It became known as National Root Crops Research Institute in 1973
• Research Institutes under the Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN)
Cassava Map of Nigeria
Experimental site
Target agro-ecology
• Evaluation of Latin American germplasm for drought tolerance
• Evaluation of NRCRI/IITA germplasm for drought tolerance
• Evaluation of protein germplasm introduction from Latin America
Highlights of the main achievements
• Screening of drought tolerance elite materials from Latin America introduced through tissue culture technology
• Screening of drought tolerance materials from Latin America using botanical seeds
Yield of over 28 ton per ha for 2009/2010
AR38-8
CR100-
8
CR14B-2
18
CR15B-6
2
CR20A-2
CR39-1
3
CR52A-1
CW 4
50-1
2
CW 4
51-8
0
CW 4
82-1
6
CW45
0-46
CW52
5-1
NR/000
4
TMS
92/0
326
TMS
98/0
505
TMS
98/0
581
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
FRY tonha-1Tolerant
Susceptible
Potential
AR38-8
CR100-
8
CR14B-2
18
CR15B-6
2
CR20A-2
CR39-1
3
CR52A-1
CW 4
50-1
2
CW 4
51-8
0
CW 4
82-1
6
CW45
0-46
CW52
5-1
NR/000
4
TMS
92/0
326
TMS
98/0
505
TMS
98/0
581
02468
10121416
DRY (tonha-1)
Tolerant
Susceptible
Potential
Local as check for yield
Second year yield in pictures
Local check for diseases
Minimum MaximumStandard Deviation
Dankata (Local Check)
FRY(t/ha) 9.69 48.80 7.20 9.88
DRY(t/ha) 3.22 26.07 3.84 3.22
HI (0-1) 0.24 0.59 0.08 0.38
DMC(%) 19.68 37.34 3.81 30.62
CMD (1-5) 0.75 1.75 0.23 3.25
CBB (1-5) 1.00 3.00 0.53 1.00
CGM (1-5) 0.50 1.16 0.19 0.50
Simple statistics of characters of agronomic and diseases from screening of drought materials
Kano, 2011
sp plot
CW450-106
CR100-15
CW444-30
CW495-1
CR100-8
CR100-215
CW495-9
TMS9
1/02324
CW450-75
AR14-4
TME4
19
TMS9
8/0510
TMS9
5/0289
CR14B-218
CR20A-2
AR14-10
AR9-19
CW482-16
CR15B-7
CR15B-9
CR39-13
CW456-17
AR12-4
TMS9
6/1632
CR15B-62
CW450-72
CR15B-4
CW452-9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FRY(ton/ha)D
an
kata
(Local C
heck)
Potential
sp plot
CW450-106
CR100-15
CW444-30
CW495-1
CR100-8
CR100-215
CW495-9
TMS9
1/02324
CW450-75
AR14-4
TME4
19
TMS9
8/0510
TMS9
5/0289
CR14B-218
CR20A-2
AR14-10
AR9-19
CW482-16
CR15B-7
CR15B-9
CR39-13
CW456-17
AR12-4
TMS9
6/1632
CR15B-62
CW450-72
CR15B-4
CW452-9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
DRY(ton/ha)D
an
kata
(Local C
heck)
Potential
sp plot
CW450-106
CR100-15
CW444-30
CW495-1
CR100-8
CR100-215
CW495-9
TMS9
1/02324
CW450-75
AR14-4
TME4
19
TMS9
8/0510
TMS9
5/0289
CR14B-218
CR20A-2
AR14-10
AR9-19
CW482-16
CR15B-7
CR15B-9
CR39-13
CW456-17
AR12-4
TMS9
6/1632
CR15B-62
CW450-72
CR15B-4
CW452-9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
DMC(%)
Yield results of 2010/2011 (protein field)
Simple statistics of characters of agronomic and diseases from screening of Protein materials
Abuja, 2011
Min Max Aver Standard Dev
FRY (ton/ha) 8.00 62.50 30.86 13.31
DRY (ton/ha) 2.48 35.65 12.69 6.09
DMC (%) 4.97 45.33 25.23 5.39
RtCol (1-7) 1.00 7.00 3.56 1.21
CMD (1-5) 0.46 3.00 1.25 0.49
CBB (1-5) 1.00 4.00 2.10 1.02
CAD (1-5) 0.21 3.00 1.03 0.28
Protein (%)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
No
of G
enot
ypes
0
5
10
15
20
Frequency distribution of the mean protein content from the screened Protein materials in
Abuja, 2011
• yield results of 2010/2011 (seedlings)
Simple statistics of characters of agronomic and diseases from seedling stage of drought
materials from Latin America
Min Max AverageStandard
Dev
Plt Type (1-5) 2.00 5.00 3.24 0.84CMD (1-5) 1.00 5.00 2.24 1.08CBB (1-5) 2.00 4.00 2.60 0.63CAD (1-5) 1.00 4.00 2.09 0.62DMC (%) 19.53 47.05 31.91 5.94HI (0-1) 0.13 0.92 0.54 0.19
FRY (ton/ha) 4.00 66.00 21.50 15.24DRY (ton/ha) 1.08 19.07 6.84 4.75Starch (%) 1.70 38.35 18.19 7.91
Selection Index
• Based on Fresh root yield, Dry root yield, Dry matter content, Vigor, Architecture, Harvest Index, Cassava mosaic disease, Cassava bacterial blight, cassava anthracnose disease
• SI = +(FRY*10)+(DRY*10)+(DMC*8)+(HI*8)-(Arch*7)-(vig*7)-(CMD*8)-(CBB*7)-(CAD*4)
• selection index for 2009 – 2011 for Latin America germplasm
CW525-1
AR9-5
CW450-75
TMS9
8/0581
NR87/184
TMS3
0572
CR14B-218
CW450-106
AR14-4
CW451-13
CW450-46
CR15B-9
AR9-19
CR15B-7
CW482-3
Dakata
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FRY(ton/ha)
Potentials
Local ch
eck
Recommendation for Nationally Co-ordinated Research Project
(NCRP) 2012
• AR 9-5• CW 525-1
• Establishment of the selected germplasm with the local (Dankata and Danwaru as a check)
• Establishment picture of the current field in Kano
• Establishment of the drought tolerant germplasm in Kano
• Establishment of the protein/beta carotene/clonal drought trials in Kano
• Establishment of the protein/beta carotene/ trials in Abuja
Breeding approach♀ ♂
Segregating population from the hybridization
(Female parent) (Male parent)
Seedling nursery for mapping population
• crosses for drought complementary traits
Weather station under construction for accurate data collection onsite
Irrigation facilities under construction for field water supply during field establishment onsite
Nominated genotypes for release in 2011
• CR 36 – 5• NR 03/0155• NR 03/0211
Monitoring of Cassava On-farm Trials for release
Oron, Akwa Ibom State
Monitoring of Cassava On-farm Trials for release
Odukpani, Cross River State
Monitoring of Cassava On-farm Trials for release
Oron, Akwa Ibom State
Enugu, Enugu State
• Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources on green revolution programme
• Federal Ministry of commerce and Industries• New market driven objective motivated by
government policy• Value chain that allow development from production
through processing to cassava based products• Opening of market outlet to final end-users
Current & prospective Collaboration with other PASS/AGRA projects
• Facilities for screening in dry ecologies• On farm trials is capital intensive• Multiplication of stem cuttings takes time • Distribution of stem cuttings is expensive
(bulkiness)• Networking/meetings/discussing with farmers is
cost consuming• ADP workers are not fully functional
Key challenges
Acknowledgements
AGRA GCP
NRCRI, Umudike IAR, Zaria
Thank you for listening