Post on 09-Jan-2017
Dr Nazir A GanaiAssociate Director Research (AS)
SKUAST-K
Organized byNational Co-operative Development Corporation
Hotel Crown Plaza Srinagar23-28, November 2015
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ContentsContents A SWOT analysis of agriculture in J & K?
Status of agriculture in J & KChallenges and Opportunities facing agriculture
Identify the funding opportunities Donor agencies Schemes / programs Priority areas of the funding agency
How to Write grant proposal Principles of a Scorecard of Donor Agency Why Grant Proposals are rejected Project Management
Land Resource in J & K ( Ha)G-2,65,000
E-74,000 D- 1,05,000C-2,11,300
B- 2,91,000
A - 6,58,000
F- 7,52,000
A ForestB Non-Agricultural LandC Barren & Uncultivable LandD Permanent Pastures & Other Grazing LandE Fallow Land Including Current FallowsF Net Area Sown (31% of the land use area) or 7 % of total Geographic area G Area under Fruit Crops
Contribution of different sectors to economy in J & K
46%
25%
30%
50%
35%
15%
J & K National
Our strengths and opportunitiesVast area: 2.22 lac sq kms (67% of N-W
Himalya) Diverse and varied agro-climatic zones
Cold arid ladakh regionTemperate Kashmir regionSub-tropical jammu region
Rich BiodiversityEthnic diversityFlora : 3,054 species.Domestic & Wild life: 16% of indiaRich Medicinal & Aromatic plants
Strengths ……..Unique Cash cropsKashmir:
Saffron – monopoly in indiaApple: 77% production in country Walnuts: monopoly Spices: Kashmiri mirchi, kala zeera, Floriculture
Jammu:Basmiti- QualityRajmashBlack caraway (Zeera)
LadakhPashmina fibreApricotHerbs related amchi system of medicine
Diversity
Temperature +40O C to - 40OC
Altitude 3000 ft to 24000 ft above MSL
Rainfall 110 mm Ladakh to 600 mm
Constraints in mountain agriculture Hilly and inaccessible terrain marginality and fragility in terms of moisture
stress and poor soil conditions and short growing season. small land holdings, poor productivity, poor production management,Poor post-harvest management, Poor market networks lack of entrepreneurship peculiar physiography:
Land under food crop agriculture: 7.36% of total area (2.22 lac sq km) or 31% of area under land use
Challenges facing agricultureWidening demand and supply gaps:
40% import of food grains - 8 lac tones ( ~ Rs 9 billion)20% vegetables - 1 lac tonnes (~ Rs 1 billion)60% meat (sheep and goat) (~ Rs 3 billion)
Increasing population pressure from highest growth rates in the country (2.7 % vs 1.6%). ,
Shrinking land resources due to population expansion, urbanisation and soil degradation, indiscriminate & unplanned growth of housing sector
Fragile Climate: Extreme winters, long dry spells, Rain fed agriculture due to peculiar topography Receding glaciers due to global warming further
aggravate the problems inherent to the rain fed agriculture J & K,
----challangesdeforestation, loss of biodiversity and
qualitative deterioration of the pastures indiscriminate use of chemical fertilisers
and pesticides contaminating food, soil and water beyond minimum permissible levels.
over exploitation of natural resource base and environmental quality decline,
global warming and climate change leading to emergence of new biotic and abiotic stresses
stagnation in productivity of agricultural crops
Subsistence agriculture ( less renumerative)
Transform agriculture from sustenance to
commercial agriculturebut sustainably
Ponder about:How to raise productivity,
profitability, entrepreneurship?
What are available opportunities ?
How to select a donor ? How to develop proposal for
domestic and international agencies ?
What are unwritten rules for success ?
To begin with: To begin with: Think How to Attract FundingThink How to Attract Funding
Funding Agencies
InternationalInternational Funding agencies Funding agencies
– USAID: US Agency for Int Dev– ADB: Asian Dev Bank– DFID: Deptt for International Development (UK)– FAO The Food and Agriculture Organisation– UNEP The UN Environment program– UNDP The UN Development program– ACIAR: Aust. Centre for Inter. Agri. Res.– Ford Foundation– The Rockfeller Foundation– BADC: Belg. Admin. For Deve. Coop– CIDA: Canadian Int Dev Agency– NEDA: Netherlands Dev Aid– AFESD: Arab fund for Eco Soci Dev
GOI Funding AgenciesGOI Funding AgenciesICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research www.icar.org.in DBT Department of Bio-Technology www.dbtindia.gov.in
DST: Department of Science & Technology (DST) www.dst.gov.in AGRICOOP Deptt of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers
Welfare www.agricoop.nic.in
MOCIT: Ministry of Communications & Information Technology
www.mit.gov.in
MoA Ministry of AgricultureMOEF: Ministry of Environment and Forests www.moef.nic.in MFPI: Ministry of Food processing Industries www.mofpi.nic.in MNES Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Source
MOSJE Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment MOWR: Ministry of Water Resources www.wrmin.nic.in CSIR: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research www.csir.res.in ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research www.icmr.nic.in UGC University Grants Commission www.ugc.ac.in DRDO Defense Research and Development Organization
Schemes and Programs for
Agriculture Development
• Central Plan• State Plan
Central PlanCentral Plan(a) Crop Husbandry(a) Crop Husbandry
Program: Krishonnati Yojana Total Allocation (2015-16): Rs 5845.45 crore Schemes:
– integrated scheme on Agriculture Cooperation, – Agriculture marketing, Agriculture Census & Statistics, – National Agri-tech infrastructure– National Food Security Mission, – National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm, – National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture,– National Mission for Agriculture Extension and
Technology, – Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture
Central Plan Central Plan (2015-16)(2015-16)
(b) (b) Livestock & FisheriesLivestock & Fisheries National Project for Cattle & Buffalo Breeding 100.00 Conservation of Threatened Livestock Breeds 4.00 Centrally Sponsored Fodder Development Scheme 10.97 Livestock Insurance 30.00 Livestock Health & Disease Control 182.82 Establishment / modernization of rural slaughter houses 5.00 Livestock Extension and Delivery Services 2.00 Project for Dairy Development 53.10 Development of Inland Fisheries & Aquaculture 12.90 Development of Marine Fisheries, & PostHarvest Operations 60.00 National Scheme of Welfare of Fishermen 25.00
State PlanState PlanRashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY)Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY)
RKVY: Launched by NDC in 2007Target: Achieve 4% growth in Agri
Sector during 11th planAllocation 2015-16: Rs 10800.50 crore Important sub-Schemes:
– Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern Region– Saffron Mission– Initiation on Vegetable clusters– National Mission on Protein Supplements– Irrigation Development– Crop Diversification
Main Objectives of RKVYMain Objectives of RKVY To censitize the States to increase public investment in agriculture and
allied sectors.
To provide flexibility and autonomy to the States in planning and executing agriculture and allied sectors schemes.
To ensure the preparation of plans for the districts and the States based on agro-climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources.
To ensure that the local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected.
To achieve the goal of reducing the yield gaps in important crops, through focused interventions.
To maximize returns to the farmers. Price Stabilization Fund Scheme (PSFS)
Program Components under RKVYProgram Components under RKVY
Production Growth (35% fund allocation)
Infrastructure and Assets (35%)
Special Schemes (20%)
Flexi Fund (Production /Infrastructure 10%)
R & D Priorities of the Funding Agencies
RKVY
NASF
Priorities underPriorities under
RKVYRKVY Integrated Development of Major Food Crops (cereals,
pulses, millets, oil seeds) Agriculture Mechanization Activities related to enhancement of Soil Growth Development of rainfed farming system Integrated Pest management Promoting Extension Services Enhancement of Horticulture Production Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Devlp. Study Tours of Farmers Organic and Biofertiliser Sericulture
Priorities underPriorities underNational Agriculture Science FundNational Agriculture Science Fund
Strategic priority areas for the 12th Plan Period: 1. Genomics and transgenics in plants, animals and fisheries 2. Conservation agriculture and climate change 3. Abiotic and Biotic stresses and, quality traits in plants, animals and fisheries 4. Water quality and productivity 5. Alternate energy for agriculture 6. Micro-nutrients and their use efficiency 7. Precision and controlled-environment agriculture 8. Use of Nanotechnology for agriculture and studies on environmental safety of this
technology 9. RNAi gene silencing technology 10. Minimization of agricultural waste and maintenance of product quality 11. Improvement of fibre quality in fibre crops 12. Mechanistaion in field crops and horticulture 13. Research in Social Sciences 14. Development of pod borer resistance in pulses
Writing the Grant ProposalWriting the Grant Proposal
What to keep in mind?
– Scorecard of the funding agency
– Common Reasons of Failure
– How to write a winning proposal
Principles of a Scorecard of Donor Agency
1. Focus on National Goal / Doner’s Priorities:• Food security • Poverty alleviation • Sustainable Development• Elimination of malnutrition • Environmental degradation • Conservation of resources
2. Impact / Utility:• is answering the research question important? • Will it advance the knowledge? • Will it have an impact on the field of study in
terms of scientific knowledge and / or practice?3. Cost-Benefit Ratio?
• budget is unrealistic• cost of the proposed project appears to be greater than any
possible benefitContd….
4. Approach: Is the methodology sound and appropriate to answer the research question
proposed?
5. Innovation: • Does the proposal describe novel concepts,
approaches or methods? • Is the study original and creative? Or a repetition /
traditional?
6. Investigator : • is the researcher well trained• does he or she have the capability to conduct
study?
7. Environment : • Is the laboratory, or field area appropriate to
conduct the study?
Principles of a Scorecard of Donor Agency
Common Reasons Why Grant Proposals are Rejected
Mechanical Reasons1. Deadline for submission was not met.
2. Guidelines for proposal content, format, and length were not followed exactly.
3. The proposal is not absolutely clear in describing one or several elements of the study.
4. The author took highly partisan positions on issues and thus vulnerable of the prejudices of the study.
5. The quality of writing was poor-for example sweeping and grandiose claims or statements.
6. Proposal document reflected carelessness and lack of attention to details.
Methodological Reasons
1. The proposed question, design and method are completely traditional with nothing that could strike a reviewer unusual, intriguing or clever.
2. The proposed method study is unsuited to the purpose of research.
Common Reasons Why Grant Proposals are Rejected
Personnel Reasons
1. As revealed in the review of literature , the author simply does not know the territory.
2. The proposed study appeared to be beyond the capacity of the author(s) in terms of training , experience and available resources.
Common Reasons Why Grant Proposals are Rejected
Cost-benefit Reasons
1. The proposed study is not the agency’s priority for this year.
2. The budget is unrealistic in terms of estimated requirements for equipment, supplies and personnel.
3. The cost of the proposed project appears to be greater than any possible benefit to be derived from its completion.
Common Reasons Why Grant Proposals are Rejected
Sequence in Writing
A Concept Note or
Full proposal
Concept NoteConcept Note
Definition: 2-5 page summary of project proposal
Need of Concept Note:– Funding agency invites concept notes prior to full proposals– Your idea is at preliminary stage, and want to test its success– You want to find a donor– You want to find a partner
Structure of a Project Proposal Structure of a Project Proposal / Concept Note:/ Concept Note:
Title: Brief, effective, communicating, impactful
Background / Justification:
Why is the problem important / urgent
Objectives: should be SMART:Technical Program Methodology to achieve the objectivesInputsActivities and Duration:
Who will do what, when and how
Outputs: Achievements at the end (Events, New product / process , Information)
Beneficiaries: Farmers, landless laborers, nomads, consumers, public at large
Impact: Quantify your impacts likeEstimated Budget: realistic
Prop
osal
Dev
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men
t Pr
oces
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Donor Guidelines Department Head Colleagues Informal Peer Review Language Editing
Govt. Departments Research Foundations Donor Agencies
SponsorSearch
Scope of Project
RefinedIdea
Writing
Budget
Revisions
Final Manuscript
ProposalSubmission
RESOURCES ASSISTANCE
Govt. Departments Research Foundations Internet Reference Services
Proposal Writing Literature (Reference Services) Proposal Writing Workshops (Training & Development Programs at NAARM)
Funding Agencies Budget Workshops (Training & Development Programs at NAARM)
Colleagues Department Head
Donor Guidelines Models of Winning Research Proposals
Donor Guidelines and other information Co-PIs Literature Review
Department Head Deans and Directors
Brainstorming Sessions
Idea
Project Management NAARM Publications
Partnerships & Linkages Stakeholders Consortium
Proof Reading Checklist
Leading questions ? Do you have an innovative idea ? What is the subject or problem ? What do you want to do ? How will you do it ? Who will benefit and how ? How others find about it ? What will be outputs & their impacts ? What are the costs involved ? How do you qualify ? How does it interest the donor ?
Writing Tips
Sequence of Writing Proposals–General Guidelines–Donor’s guidelines
Step-1 : Focus on National Goal
Food security Poverty alleviation Sustainable Development Elimination of malnutrition Environmental degradation Conservation of resources . . . and such
Step-2: Objectives should be should be SMART:SMART:SpecificMeasurableAchievableRealisticTime bound
Tips: Objectives important and urgent Consult others; spend time thinking Get the words right Possible within the time frame Do not promise more than you can do
Title:Title:Characterisation of Genes affecting milk Characterisation of Genes affecting milk
yield through PCR-RFLP and their yield through PCR-RFLP and their association with the milk traits for marker association with the milk traits for marker
assisted selection assisted selection
1. To screen the cattle (Jersey, HF, local cattle and crossbreds) for DGAT1 gene mutation in the organised government and private dairy farms.
2. To study the effect of allelic variants, DGAT1K and DGAT1A, on milk production traits viz. milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat % and protein %.
3. To select the young bulls for desired DGAT1 allelic variants to supplement to the selection on the basis of phenotypic data for extra genetic gain
Augmentation of Milk Productivity: Augmentation of Milk Productivity: Gene Gene Assisted Selection of the Breeding Dairy BullsAssisted Selection of the Breeding Dairy Bulls
1. characterise the major genes DGAT1, Leptin, BGHR, Lactoalbumin and Caseins influencing the yield and composition of milk in Jersey and Crossbred cattle in J & K.
2. association of the allelic variants of major genes with milk traits
3. genotyping all the bulls (for such major genes ) in the A I program
4. integration of GAS with Breeding Policy followed by Development Department for enhanced milk productivity
Title: To study the effect of new Management practices on Natural Resources
Objectives
1. To study the soil map of the rainfed area
2. To study the different factors which influence the sustainable cropping in the rain fed area.
3. To study the effect of the degraded natural resources on agriculture
4. To study the effect of new SWNM practices on the natural resource.
New Title: Sustaining Rainfed Agriculture :Improving Management of Natural Resources under Temperate Hill and Mountain conditions
1. characterize natural resource base and identify physical and socioeconomic constraints to increased sustainable cropping in the target ecoregion.
2. apply and refine integrated cost-effective soil, water, and nutrient management (SWNM) practices based on the natural resource endowments of the farmers.
3. rehabilitate degraded medium-high water-holding capacity soils and study effects of integrated SWNM strategies on profitability and sustainability of the system.
4. integrate and evaluate techno-economic feasibility of promising strategies for crop intensification and reducing soil degradation in the target ecoregion
Step-3. Title and Key Words
Tips for winning titles: Titles need to be catchy, informative, and
distinctive It should define the eco-region It should define the problem and its innovative
and novel solution It should contain the key words reflecting the
National Goal, Donors priorities Titles may reflect more than what you intend to
do
Title: Conventional vs Winning Title: Conventional vs Winning
Conventional TitleEffect of moisture and temperature on afalotoxicity in chicken and the development of new diagnostic kit for its detection
Characterisation of Genes affecting milk yield through PCR-RFLP and their association with the milk traits for marker assisted selection
To study the effect of the different treatments on the nutritive quality of the rouphages
Winning TitleWhy chickens die in poultry farms? Developing a low-cost technology to detect aflatoxin in chicken feed.
Augmentation of Milk productivity: Gene Assisted Selection of the Breeding dairy Bulls
Nutrient Enrichment of Crop residues: Probiotics and enzymatic treatment for improved digestibility of crop residues
Title: Conventional vs Winning Title: Conventional vs Winning
Conventional TitleTo study the Pesticide Residues in apples for health concerns under All India Network project on Pesticides
Standardisation of Fertigation Schedules and water requirement of Arid fruit crops under micro-irrigation systems for arid ecosystemsStandardisation of Macropropgation Techniques and cultivation of Jatropha Crucas for rural development
Winning TitleSustainable Exports of Apples of J & K: Concerns of Pesticide Residues
Sustaining Fruit Production in arid ecosystem: Optimization of Water and Fertilizer use
Sustainable Cultivation of Jatropha curcas for development of rural communities
Step-4: Introduction– Background– Justification
Step-5: Rationale / Origin of proposal– Why is it important– Urgency
Why is the problem important / urgent Keep national priorities in focus:
• Poverty alleviation, Food security, preservation of environment and natural resources, nutrition and health
Indicate:• how your approach is efficient over the existing one• What is the novelty in your approach
Tips Tips : : Write to persuade than Write to persuade than write to informwrite to inform
Appeal to the self-interest of donor / readers– Finding out the agency’s priorities– Finding out individual and personal likes and dislikes
•By researching donor sites, and meeting donor staff face-to-face •You can find these things from your donor intelligence unit,
Write with passion & urgency— Use strong words like: urgent, vital, essential, new etc— Avoid vague words like: possibly, under certain circumstances— Use short and sharp sentences to push your message along— Use the active voice as much as possible— Put statements in a positive form— Use definite, specific, and concrete language
Step-6: Materials & methods source of research material
sampling methods use of GIS experimental design methodology
o new / innovativeo existing : cite by ref., if possible
Remember your proposal will be evaluated for scientific merit and quality
Step-7: Work program / Project management
To show:– How we will achieve the objectives?– How will the project be managed? – What combination of inputs will be needed, when, and
in what quantities to achieve the desired outputs ?Include:
– Project management arrangements, collaborators, responsibilities, tie-ups, who reports to whom, etc.
– Inputs and level of efforts: Staffing, consultants, equipment, etc.
– Time Plan: Phasing of activities, activity chart, milestones for each objective.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLSPROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS CHARTS
– Bar charts – Milestone charts
NETWORKS – PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)– CPM (Critical Path method
Log framework
BAR CHARTS
TASK A
TASK B
TASK C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Time
Milestone Chart: The milestone i.e., accomplishment of a specific activity is represented by a circle over a task in the bar chart. The chart also shows the sequential relationship among the milestones or events within the same task.
TASK A
TASK B
TASK C
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Time
Activity Code Pre activity Duration Start time wrt sowing
Land prepration A - 2Fertilizer application B A 2Growth observation after 30 days
C B 2 30
Growth observation after 60 days
D C 2 60
Growth observation after 75 days
E D 2 75
Analysis and reporting F E 10
ACTI
VITY
SLA
CK B
AR C
HAR
TAC
TIVI
TY S
LACK
BAR
CH
ART
Activity Time Verifiable Indicators Responsibility
Engagement of Research Fellows Month 6
Purchase of Equipments / Renovation of Lab
Month 9
Selection of livestock farms and identification of animals
Month 9 Listed farms and animals P I, Co-PI
Collection of data on performance records
Month 12 Digitised data base Co-PI, JRF
Collection of blood / semen samples
Month 15 Repository of DNA samples
Co-PI, JRF
DNA assaying of the target genes Screening for SNP at exon VIII of
the DGAT1 SSCP PCR-RFLP Microsatellite (linked markers)
analysis Genotyping with automatic DNA
sequencer at NBAGR
Month 40 Results on different DNA analytic techniques
Reports of NBAGR on genotyping with automatic DNA sequencer
PI, SRF, JRFCo-PI ( NBAGR)
Project Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT Chart)
Statistical analysis: Association between milk
production traits and allelic variants of target genes
Marker maps would be calculated using CRIMAP (Green et al 1990)
Estimation of allele / haplotype frequencies
Estimation of frequency of favourable gene combinations
Month 46 Reports on Statistical analysis
PI, SRF, JRF
Genotyping of all the breeding bulls in use in A I program
Month 50 Genotype data of all animals tabulated
SRF
Two tier selection strategy will be adopted:
oPedigree selection bulls of elite damsoGene Assisted Selection on the basis of favourable haplotype / gene combination.
Month 55 Shortlisted animals with desired genotype
PI, Co-PI
Report preparation Month 60 PI, SRF,
Project Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT Chart)
Activity Time Verifiable Indicators
Responsibility
Step-7: Impact / Outcome / output Remember quantifiable impacts
are the most impressiveCheck list
Higher yields / productivity Higher farm incomes Farm family well being Gender-specific impact Import substitution More public sector accountability Enhanced community participation New food source for urban poor Human health benefits E - Governance
Explain how you will measure the above
Indicators . . Remember quantifiable impacts
are the most impressive
The proposal will be evaluated for
Expected economic benefits and identification of monitorable performance indicators
Likely achievement of objectives within the time frame and budget
Step-9: Budget Develop the budget by
years and head-wise Justification required for
purchase of large equipment Be realistic, not greedy Never under-budget Include "bay windows" or activities
that can be dropped if donor asks you to trim budget.
Illustrative budget format Personnel Travel Supplies and services Training, Workshops Evaluation Capital: vehicles, equipment, office space Indirect costs Contingency Total
Budget.. Always footnote your budget with unit costs Add inflation to yearly budgets Check local costs at each location Collaborator wise different costs A summary budget supplemented by a
separate budget for each partner
Step-11 :Review draft Write and sleep on the proposal; then
re-read critically Listen to comments with patience Show it to a non-technical person
such as your spouse Try to catch errors, repetitions, and
inconsistencies Edit to shorten and make it clear
General tips Easy to read Short sentences of 10-15 words Be generous with paragraphs and the
white spaces around them; the 20 pages should not look grey
Use the active voice, the present and future tense as often as possible
General tips . . . Support or substitute text by maps,
charts, photos, boxes and graphs Avoid bureaucratic and wasted
words, try to include quotes If you have to use “we,” always be
unambiguous; clearly identify which scientist or partner will do what
Thanks a Lot