Dr Nazir A GanaiAssociate Director Research (AS)

SKUAST-K

Organized byNational Co-operative Development Corporation

Hotel Crown Plaza Srinagar23-28, November 2015

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ContentsContents A SWOT analysis of agriculture in J & K?

Status of agriculture in J & KChallenges and Opportunities facing agriculture

Identify the funding opportunities Donor agencies Schemes / programs Priority areas of the funding agency

How to Write grant proposal Principles of a Scorecard of Donor Agency Why Grant Proposals are rejected Project Management

Land Resource in J & K ( Ha)G-2,65,000

E-74,000 D- 1,05,000C-2,11,300

B- 2,91,000

A - 6,58,000

F- 7,52,000

A ForestB Non-Agricultural LandC Barren & Uncultivable LandD Permanent Pastures & Other Grazing LandE Fallow Land Including Current FallowsF Net Area Sown (31% of the land use area) or 7 % of total Geographic area G Area under Fruit Crops

Contribution of different sectors to economy in J & K

46%

25%

30%

50%

35%

15%

J & K National

Our strengths and opportunitiesVast area: 2.22 lac sq kms (67% of N-W

Himalya) Diverse and varied agro-climatic zones

Cold arid ladakh regionTemperate Kashmir regionSub-tropical jammu region

Rich BiodiversityEthnic diversityFlora : 3,054 species.Domestic & Wild life: 16% of indiaRich Medicinal & Aromatic plants

Strengths ……..Unique Cash cropsKashmir:

Saffron – monopoly in indiaApple: 77% production in country Walnuts: monopoly Spices: Kashmiri mirchi, kala zeera, Floriculture

Jammu:Basmiti- QualityRajmashBlack caraway (Zeera)

LadakhPashmina fibreApricotHerbs related amchi system of medicine

Diversity

Temperature +40O C to - 40OC

Altitude 3000 ft to 24000 ft above MSL

Rainfall 110 mm Ladakh to 600 mm

Constraints in mountain agriculture Hilly and inaccessible terrain marginality and fragility in terms of moisture

stress and poor soil conditions and short growing season. small land holdings, poor productivity, poor production management,Poor post-harvest management, Poor market networks lack of entrepreneurship peculiar physiography:

Land under food crop agriculture: 7.36% of total area (2.22 lac sq km) or 31% of area under land use

Challenges facing agricultureWidening demand and supply gaps:

40% import of food grains - 8 lac tones ( ~ Rs 9 billion)20% vegetables - 1 lac tonnes (~ Rs 1 billion)60% meat (sheep and goat) (~ Rs 3 billion)

Increasing population pressure from highest growth rates in the country (2.7 % vs 1.6%). ,

Shrinking land resources due to population expansion, urbanisation and soil degradation, indiscriminate & unplanned growth of housing sector

Fragile Climate: Extreme winters, long dry spells, Rain fed agriculture due to peculiar topography Receding glaciers due to global warming further

aggravate the problems inherent to the rain fed agriculture J & K,

----challangesdeforestation, loss of biodiversity and

qualitative deterioration of the pastures indiscriminate use of chemical fertilisers

and pesticides contaminating food, soil and water beyond minimum permissible levels.

over exploitation of natural resource base and environmental quality decline,

global warming and climate change leading to emergence of new biotic and abiotic stresses

stagnation in productivity of agricultural crops

Subsistence agriculture ( less renumerative)

Transform agriculture from sustenance to

commercial agriculturebut sustainably

Ponder about:How to raise productivity,

profitability, entrepreneurship?

What are available opportunities ?

How to select a donor ? How to develop proposal for

domestic and international agencies ?

What are unwritten rules for success ?

To begin with: To begin with: Think How to Attract FundingThink How to Attract Funding

Funding Agencies

InternationalInternational Funding agencies Funding agencies

– USAID: US Agency for Int Dev– ADB: Asian Dev Bank– DFID: Deptt for International Development (UK)– FAO The Food and Agriculture Organisation– UNEP The UN Environment program– UNDP The UN Development program– ACIAR: Aust. Centre for Inter. Agri. Res.– Ford Foundation– The Rockfeller Foundation– BADC: Belg. Admin. For Deve. Coop– CIDA: Canadian Int Dev Agency– NEDA: Netherlands Dev Aid– AFESD: Arab fund for Eco Soci Dev

GOI Funding AgenciesGOI Funding AgenciesICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research www.icar.org.in DBT Department of Bio-Technology www.dbtindia.gov.in

DST: Department of Science & Technology (DST) www.dst.gov.in AGRICOOP Deptt of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers

Welfare www.agricoop.nic.in

MOCIT: Ministry of Communications & Information Technology

www.mit.gov.in

MoA Ministry of AgricultureMOEF: Ministry of Environment and Forests www.moef.nic.in MFPI: Ministry of Food processing Industries www.mofpi.nic.in MNES Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Source

MOSJE Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment MOWR: Ministry of Water Resources www.wrmin.nic.in CSIR: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research www.csir.res.in ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research www.icmr.nic.in UGC University Grants Commission www.ugc.ac.in DRDO Defense Research and Development Organization

Schemes and Programs for

Agriculture Development

• Central Plan• State Plan

Central PlanCentral Plan(a) Crop Husbandry(a) Crop Husbandry

Program: Krishonnati Yojana Total Allocation (2015-16): Rs 5845.45 crore Schemes:

– integrated scheme on Agriculture Cooperation, – Agriculture marketing, Agriculture Census & Statistics, – National Agri-tech infrastructure– National Food Security Mission, – National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm, – National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture,– National Mission for Agriculture Extension and

Technology, – Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture

Central Plan Central Plan (2015-16)(2015-16)

(b) (b) Livestock & FisheriesLivestock & Fisheries National Project for Cattle & Buffalo Breeding 100.00 Conservation of Threatened Livestock Breeds 4.00 Centrally Sponsored Fodder Development Scheme 10.97 Livestock Insurance 30.00 Livestock Health & Disease Control 182.82 Establishment / modernization of rural slaughter houses 5.00 Livestock Extension and Delivery Services 2.00 Project for Dairy Development 53.10 Development of Inland Fisheries & Aquaculture 12.90 Development of Marine Fisheries, & PostHarvest Operations 60.00 National Scheme of Welfare of Fishermen 25.00

State PlanState PlanRashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY)Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY)

RKVY: Launched by NDC in 2007Target: Achieve 4% growth in Agri

Sector during 11th planAllocation 2015-16: Rs 10800.50 crore Important sub-Schemes:

– Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern Region– Saffron Mission– Initiation on Vegetable clusters– National Mission on Protein Supplements– Irrigation Development– Crop Diversification

Main Objectives of RKVYMain Objectives of RKVY To censitize the States to increase public investment in agriculture and

allied sectors.

To provide flexibility and autonomy to the States in planning and executing agriculture and allied sectors schemes.

To ensure the preparation of plans for the districts and the States based on agro-climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources.

To ensure that the local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected.

To achieve the goal of reducing the yield gaps in important crops, through focused interventions.

To maximize returns to the farmers. Price Stabilization Fund Scheme (PSFS)

Program Components under RKVYProgram Components under RKVY

Production Growth (35% fund allocation)

Infrastructure and Assets (35%)

Special Schemes (20%)

Flexi Fund (Production /Infrastructure 10%)

R & D Priorities of the Funding Agencies

RKVY

NASF

Priorities underPriorities under

RKVYRKVY Integrated Development of Major Food Crops (cereals,

pulses, millets, oil seeds) Agriculture Mechanization Activities related to enhancement of Soil Growth Development of rainfed farming system Integrated Pest management Promoting Extension Services Enhancement of Horticulture Production Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Devlp. Study Tours of Farmers Organic and Biofertiliser Sericulture

Priorities underPriorities underNational Agriculture Science FundNational Agriculture Science Fund

Strategic priority areas for the 12th Plan Period: 1. Genomics and transgenics in plants, animals and fisheries 2. Conservation agriculture and climate change 3. Abiotic and Biotic stresses and, quality traits in plants, animals and fisheries 4. Water quality and productivity 5. Alternate energy for agriculture 6. Micro-nutrients and their use efficiency 7. Precision and controlled-environment agriculture 8. Use of Nanotechnology for agriculture and studies on environmental safety of this

technology 9. RNAi gene silencing technology 10. Minimization of agricultural waste and maintenance of product quality 11. Improvement of fibre quality in fibre crops 12. Mechanistaion in field crops and horticulture 13. Research in Social Sciences 14. Development of pod borer resistance in pulses

Writing the Grant ProposalWriting the Grant Proposal

What to keep in mind?

– Scorecard of the funding agency

– Common Reasons of Failure

– How to write a winning proposal

Principles of a Scorecard of Donor Agency

1. Focus on National Goal / Doner’s Priorities:• Food security • Poverty alleviation • Sustainable Development• Elimination of malnutrition • Environmental degradation • Conservation of resources

2. Impact / Utility:• is answering the research question important? • Will it advance the knowledge? • Will it have an impact on the field of study in

terms of scientific knowledge and / or practice?3. Cost-Benefit Ratio?

• budget is unrealistic• cost of the proposed project appears to be greater than any

possible benefitContd….

4. Approach: Is the methodology sound and appropriate to answer the research question

proposed?

5. Innovation: • Does the proposal describe novel concepts,

approaches or methods? • Is the study original and creative? Or a repetition /

traditional?

6. Investigator : • is the researcher well trained• does he or she have the capability to conduct

study?

7. Environment : • Is the laboratory, or field area appropriate to

conduct the study?

Principles of a Scorecard of Donor Agency

Common Reasons Why Grant Proposals are Rejected

Mechanical Reasons1. Deadline for submission was not met.

2. Guidelines for proposal content, format, and length were not followed exactly.

3. The proposal is not absolutely clear in describing one or several elements of the study.

4. The author took highly partisan positions on issues and thus vulnerable of the prejudices of the study.

5. The quality of writing was poor-for example sweeping and grandiose claims or statements.

6. Proposal document reflected carelessness and lack of attention to details.

Methodological Reasons

1. The proposed question, design and method are completely traditional with nothing that could strike a reviewer unusual, intriguing or clever.

2. The proposed method study is unsuited to the purpose of research.

Common Reasons Why Grant Proposals are Rejected

Personnel Reasons

1. As revealed in the review of literature , the author simply does not know the territory.

2. The proposed study appeared to be beyond the capacity of the author(s) in terms of training , experience and available resources.

Common Reasons Why Grant Proposals are Rejected

Cost-benefit Reasons

1. The proposed study is not the agency’s priority for this year.

2. The budget is unrealistic in terms of estimated requirements for equipment, supplies and personnel.

3. The cost of the proposed project appears to be greater than any possible benefit to be derived from its completion.

Common Reasons Why Grant Proposals are Rejected

Sequence in Writing

A Concept Note or

Full proposal

Concept NoteConcept Note

Definition: 2-5 page summary of project proposal

Need of Concept Note:– Funding agency invites concept notes prior to full proposals– Your idea is at preliminary stage, and want to test its success– You want to find a donor– You want to find a partner

Structure of a Project Proposal Structure of a Project Proposal / Concept Note:/ Concept Note:

Title: Brief, effective, communicating, impactful

Background / Justification:

Why is the problem important / urgent

Objectives: should be SMART:Technical Program Methodology to achieve the objectivesInputsActivities and Duration:

Who will do what, when and how

Outputs: Achievements at the end (Events, New product / process , Information)

Beneficiaries: Farmers, landless laborers, nomads, consumers, public at large

Impact: Quantify your impacts likeEstimated Budget: realistic

Prop

osal

Dev

elop

men

t Pr

oces

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Donor Guidelines Department Head Colleagues Informal Peer Review Language Editing

Govt. Departments Research Foundations Donor Agencies

SponsorSearch

Scope of Project

RefinedIdea

Writing

Budget

Revisions

Final Manuscript

ProposalSubmission

RESOURCES ASSISTANCE

Govt. Departments Research Foundations Internet Reference Services

Proposal Writing Literature (Reference Services) Proposal Writing Workshops (Training & Development Programs at NAARM)

Funding Agencies Budget Workshops (Training & Development Programs at NAARM)

Colleagues Department Head

Donor Guidelines Models of Winning Research Proposals

Donor Guidelines and other information Co-PIs Literature Review

Department Head Deans and Directors

Brainstorming Sessions

Idea

Project Management NAARM Publications

Partnerships & Linkages Stakeholders Consortium

Proof Reading Checklist

Leading questions ? Do you have an innovative idea ? What is the subject or problem ? What do you want to do ? How will you do it ? Who will benefit and how ? How others find about it ? What will be outputs & their impacts ? What are the costs involved ? How do you qualify ? How does it interest the donor ?

Writing Tips

Sequence of Writing Proposals–General Guidelines–Donor’s guidelines

Step-1 : Focus on National Goal

Food security Poverty alleviation Sustainable Development Elimination of malnutrition Environmental degradation Conservation of resources . . . and such

Step-2: Objectives should be should be SMART:SMART:SpecificMeasurableAchievableRealisticTime bound

Tips: Objectives important and urgent Consult others; spend time thinking Get the words right Possible within the time frame Do not promise more than you can do

Title:Title:Characterisation of Genes affecting milk Characterisation of Genes affecting milk

yield through PCR-RFLP and their yield through PCR-RFLP and their association with the milk traits for marker association with the milk traits for marker

assisted selection assisted selection

1. To screen the cattle (Jersey, HF, local cattle and crossbreds) for DGAT1 gene mutation in the organised government and private dairy farms.

2. To study the effect of allelic variants, DGAT1K and DGAT1A, on milk production traits viz. milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat % and protein %.

3. To select the young bulls for desired DGAT1 allelic variants to supplement to the selection on the basis of phenotypic data for extra genetic gain

Augmentation of Milk Productivity: Augmentation of Milk Productivity: Gene Gene Assisted Selection of the Breeding Dairy BullsAssisted Selection of the Breeding Dairy Bulls

1. characterise the major genes DGAT1, Leptin, BGHR, Lactoalbumin and Caseins influencing the yield and composition of milk in Jersey and Crossbred cattle in J & K.

2. association of the allelic variants of major genes with milk traits

3. genotyping all the bulls (for such major genes ) in the A I program

4. integration of GAS with Breeding Policy followed by Development Department for enhanced milk productivity

Title: To study the effect of new Management practices on Natural Resources

Objectives

1. To study the soil map of the rainfed area

2. To study the different factors which influence the sustainable cropping in the rain fed area.

3. To study the effect of the degraded natural resources on agriculture

4. To study the effect of new SWNM practices on the natural resource.

New Title: Sustaining Rainfed Agriculture :Improving Management of Natural Resources under Temperate Hill and Mountain conditions

1. characterize natural resource base and identify physical and socioeconomic constraints to increased sustainable cropping in the target ecoregion.

2. apply and refine integrated cost-effective soil, water, and nutrient management (SWNM) practices based on the natural resource endowments of the farmers.

3. rehabilitate degraded medium-high water-holding capacity soils and study effects of integrated SWNM strategies on profitability and sustainability of the system.

4. integrate and evaluate techno-economic feasibility of promising strategies for crop intensification and reducing soil degradation in the target ecoregion

Step-3. Title and Key Words

Tips for winning titles: Titles need to be catchy, informative, and

distinctive It should define the eco-region It should define the problem and its innovative

and novel solution It should contain the key words reflecting the

National Goal, Donors priorities Titles may reflect more than what you intend to

do

Title: Conventional vs Winning Title: Conventional vs Winning

Conventional TitleEffect of moisture and temperature on afalotoxicity in chicken and the development of new diagnostic kit for its detection

Characterisation of Genes affecting milk yield through PCR-RFLP and their association with the milk traits for marker assisted selection

To study the effect of the different treatments on the nutritive quality of the rouphages

Winning TitleWhy chickens die in poultry farms? Developing a low-cost technology to detect aflatoxin in chicken feed.

Augmentation of Milk productivity: Gene Assisted Selection of the Breeding dairy Bulls

Nutrient Enrichment of Crop residues: Probiotics and enzymatic treatment for improved digestibility of crop residues

Title: Conventional vs Winning Title: Conventional vs Winning

Conventional TitleTo study the Pesticide Residues in apples for health concerns under All India Network project on Pesticides

Standardisation of Fertigation Schedules and water requirement of Arid fruit crops under micro-irrigation systems for arid ecosystemsStandardisation of Macropropgation Techniques and cultivation of Jatropha Crucas for rural development

Winning TitleSustainable Exports of Apples of J & K: Concerns of Pesticide Residues

Sustaining Fruit Production in arid ecosystem: Optimization of Water and Fertilizer use

Sustainable Cultivation of Jatropha curcas for development of rural communities

Step-4: Introduction– Background– Justification

Step-5: Rationale / Origin of proposal– Why is it important– Urgency

Why is the problem important / urgent Keep national priorities in focus:

• Poverty alleviation, Food security, preservation of environment and natural resources, nutrition and health

Indicate:• how your approach is efficient over the existing one• What is the novelty in your approach

Tips Tips : : Write to persuade than Write to persuade than write to informwrite to inform

Appeal to the self-interest of donor / readers– Finding out the agency’s priorities– Finding out individual and personal likes and dislikes

•By researching donor sites, and meeting donor staff face-to-face •You can find these things from your donor intelligence unit,

Write with passion & urgency— Use strong words like: urgent, vital, essential, new etc— Avoid vague words like: possibly, under certain circumstances— Use short and sharp sentences to push your message along— Use the active voice as much as possible— Put statements in a positive form— Use definite, specific, and concrete language

Step-6: Materials & methods source of research material

sampling methods use of GIS experimental design methodology

o new / innovativeo existing : cite by ref., if possible

Remember your proposal will be evaluated for scientific merit and quality

Step-7: Work program / Project management

To show:– How we will achieve the objectives?– How will the project be managed? – What combination of inputs will be needed, when, and

in what quantities to achieve the desired outputs ?Include:

– Project management arrangements, collaborators, responsibilities, tie-ups, who reports to whom, etc.

– Inputs and level of efforts: Staffing, consultants, equipment, etc.

– Time Plan: Phasing of activities, activity chart, milestones for each objective.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLSPROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS CHARTS

– Bar charts – Milestone charts

NETWORKS – PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)– CPM (Critical Path method

Log framework

BAR CHARTS

TASK A

TASK B

TASK C

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Time

Milestone Chart:  The milestone i.e., accomplishment of a specific activity is represented by a circle over a task in the bar chart. The chart also shows the sequential relationship among the milestones or events within the same task.

TASK A

TASK B

TASK C

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Time

Activity Code Pre activity Duration Start time wrt sowing

Land prepration A - 2Fertilizer application B A 2Growth observation after 30 days

C B 2 30

Growth observation after 60 days

D C 2 60

Growth observation after 75 days

E D 2 75

Analysis and reporting F E 10

ACTI

VITY

SLA

CK B

AR C

HAR

TAC

TIVI

TY S

LACK

BAR

CH

ART

Activity Time Verifiable Indicators Responsibility

Engagement of Research Fellows Month 6

Purchase of Equipments / Renovation of Lab

Month 9

Selection of livestock farms and identification of animals

Month 9 Listed farms and animals P I, Co-PI

Collection of data on performance records

Month 12 Digitised data base Co-PI, JRF

Collection of blood / semen samples

Month 15 Repository of DNA samples

Co-PI, JRF

DNA assaying of the target genes Screening for SNP at exon VIII of

the DGAT1 SSCP PCR-RFLP Microsatellite (linked markers)

analysis Genotyping with automatic DNA

sequencer at NBAGR

Month 40 Results on different DNA analytic techniques

Reports of NBAGR on genotyping with automatic DNA sequencer

PI, SRF, JRFCo-PI ( NBAGR)

Project Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT Chart)

Statistical analysis: Association between milk

production traits and allelic variants of target genes

Marker maps would be calculated using CRIMAP (Green et al 1990)

Estimation of allele / haplotype frequencies

Estimation of frequency of favourable gene combinations

Month 46 Reports on Statistical analysis

PI, SRF, JRF

Genotyping of all the breeding bulls in use in A I program

Month 50 Genotype data of all animals tabulated

SRF

Two tier selection strategy will be adopted:

oPedigree selection bulls of elite damsoGene Assisted Selection on the basis of favourable haplotype / gene combination.

Month 55 Shortlisted animals with desired genotype

PI, Co-PI

Report preparation Month 60 PI, SRF,

Project Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT Chart)

Activity Time Verifiable Indicators

Responsibility

Step-7: Impact / Outcome / output Remember quantifiable impacts

are the most impressiveCheck list

Higher yields / productivity Higher farm incomes Farm family well being Gender-specific impact Import substitution More public sector accountability Enhanced community participation New food source for urban poor Human health benefits E - Governance

Explain how you will measure the above

Indicators . . Remember quantifiable impacts

are the most impressive

The proposal will be evaluated for

Expected economic benefits and identification of monitorable performance indicators

Likely achievement of objectives within the time frame and budget

Step-9: Budget Develop the budget by

years and head-wise Justification required for

purchase of large equipment Be realistic, not greedy Never under-budget Include "bay windows" or activities

that can be dropped if donor asks you to trim budget.

Illustrative budget format Personnel Travel Supplies and services Training, Workshops Evaluation Capital: vehicles, equipment, office space Indirect costs Contingency Total

Budget.. Always footnote your budget with unit costs Add inflation to yearly budgets Check local costs at each location Collaborator wise different costs A summary budget supplemented by a

separate budget for each partner

Step-11 :Review draft Write and sleep on the proposal; then

re-read critically Listen to comments with patience Show it to a non-technical person

such as your spouse Try to catch errors, repetitions, and

inconsistencies Edit to shorten and make it clear

General tips Easy to read Short sentences of 10-15 words Be generous with paragraphs and the

white spaces around them; the 20 pages should not look grey

Use the active voice, the present and future tense as often as possible

General tips . . . Support or substitute text by maps,

charts, photos, boxes and graphs Avoid bureaucratic and wasted

words, try to include quotes If you have to use “we,” always be

unambiguous; clearly identify which scientist or partner will do what

Thanks a Lot