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Traffic Safety Barrier- Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow
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P R E S E N T E R
I R . H J . C H E A L I B I N C H E H I TA M
R O A D S A F E T Y A U D I T O R
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L E M BA G A L E B U H R AYA
M A L AY S I A
Source: The Star Newspaper, 18 September 2018
Link: https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/18/lee-urges-review-of-steel-guardrails-and-road-dividers/#r5k73hySAywBbllr.99
Is There a Need to Review Highway Barriers?
Guardrails and road dividers made of steel can turn into sharp knives in a road accident,
said Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research chairman Tan Sri Lee Lam Thye (pic).
The suitability of these guardrails and dividers must be reviewed to ensure
the safety of road users and minimise injuries to accident victims, he said.
Lee said the authorities and highway concessionaires should conduct a
thorough audit on these road barriers to comply with the specifications set
by experts, including the Road Engineering Association of Malaysia.
“They also need to learn the latest technology and installation techniques of road bar-
riers that prove to be effective overseas, especially in countries with low road crash
fatalities and injuries such as Monaco, Sweden and the United Kingdom,” he noted.
“For example, the installation of a 130m rolling road safety barrier at Jalan Lapangan
Terbang Subang Airport was reported to have reduced road accidents by 94% within six
months from December 2016.
“With such a positive result, the rolling road safety barrier should be recommended for
implementation in various parts of the country,” he said.
“The main purpose of guardrails and road dividers is to prevent vehicles from veering off
the road and crashing into other vehicles or dangerous objects such as a tree, pole and
boulder; or plunging into a drain, steep slope and body of water.”
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MODE OF TRANSPORTATION
IN THE 50’S & 60’S TODAYVS.
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Source : AUSTROADS Part 15, Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice,Motorcycle Safety, 1999
“Crash barriers should only be used where the likely damage and/or injury
from hitting the barrier is less than that of hitting the hazard it shields”
Photo: W Beam Guard Rail
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PENETRATION OF GUARD RAIL BY BUS
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Accident Data - 3 Years
No. Weather LightingRoad
SurfaceCollision Type
Accident
Severity
1 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
2 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
3 Rainy Dark without street lighting Wet Rear Collision Serious Injury
4 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
5 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
6 Fine Dark without street lighting Dry Out of Control Serious Injury
7 Rainy Dark without street lighting Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
8 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
9 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
10 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
11 Rainy Dark without street lighting Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
12 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
13 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
14 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
15 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
16 Rainy Daylight Wet Out of Control Damaged Only
Source: Sample from a blackspot location along an Expressway in Malaysia in 2012 - 2014
Out of
Control
accounts
for 93% of
accidents
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Performance RequirementsFulfilment of NCHRP 350 or Equivalent
Source: FHWA/REAM GL 9/2006, Table 2.1 & AS/NZ 2845: 1999, Australian/New Zealand Standards on Road Safety Barrier Systems 8 of 19
AASHTO REVIEW OF BARRIER DESIGN
7 Reviews in 31 years, Average of 1 Review every 5 years
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COMPARISON BETWEEN NCHRP 350 AND MASH
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ARE THE BARRIERS ON MALAYSIAN ROADS SAFE?
NO, currently some of the barriers on Malaysia’s roads are not safe as they are
designed to cater for only P Design Vehicles at 100 km/hr (TL 3)
They might have been safe at the time of installation (Mid 70’s and 80’s) to
accommodate the size, speed, design and volume of vehicles and driving practices
then, (they follow the design practices consistent with world’s best practices in the
70’s and 80’s)
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HIGH COURT RULING, UK - 1975
LORD DENNING M. R in the
GREAVES & CO (CONTRACTORS) LTD VS
BAYNHAM & PARTNERS
(A Claim Against Consulting Engineers)
“It seems to me that in the ordinary employment of
a professional man, whether it is a medical man, a
lawyer, an accountant, an architect or an
ENGINEER, his duty is to use Reasonable Care
and Skill in the course of his employment”
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Bridge RailingsExamples of Barriers That Meet TL4 & TL5 (NCHRP 350)
Source: US Dept of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 200713 of 19
Design & Installation of New Barriers
Source: JKR Malaysia, 2007
“............. 1) Jemaah Menteri telah mengarahkan Jabatan
Kerja Raya Malaysia supaya program penambahbaikan terhadap
penghadang jalan dibuat seluruh Negara dengan menyediakan satu
pelan menyeluruh untuk menaiktaraf penghadang jalan sediada dan
yang baru ke piawaian minimum TL3 bagi laluan biasa dan TL6
bagi kawasan yang berisiko.
2) Seperti yang pihak YBhg. Dato’/Tuan sedia maklum,
penggunaan dan pemasangan “Longitudinal Traffic Safety Barrier”telah pun dikemaskini dari Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 1/85 (pindaan 1/89)
“Manual on Design Guidelines of Longtitudinal Traffic Barrier” kepada
Garispanduan REAM-GL 9/2006 “Guidelines on Design and Selection
of Longitudinal Traffic Safety Barrier” sejak tahun 2006 lagi ………”
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Design & Installation of Barriers Along Expressway
Source : Assessment of Crash Barrier and Roadside Hazards along Malaysian Expressways by M. MohdHuzaifah, A. M Muhammad Marizwan, W. H Alvin Poi, Z. A Ahmad Noor Syukri, 4 others, Vehicle Safety andBioMechanics Research Centre, MIROS, Conference Paper Jan 2010.
“............. 1) Shall focus on upgrading current guardrails to
rigid concrete barriers, initially at high risk stretch with a significant
history of fatal accidents.
2) All steel railings shall also upgrade to to concrete type
parapets periodically ………”
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Conclusion
COMMON DENOMINATORS IN CURRENT BARRIERGUIDELINES WORLWIDE.
Other factors will predominate and the designersshould use ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT to decidewhether a barrier should be installed
Safety barriers should only be installed when theirabsence will likely cause more severe injuries tooccupants of errant vehicles
Safety barriers are not meant to prevent accidents;they are there to MINIMISE injuries to occupants oferrant vehicles
ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT should always be usedin interpreting the various tables in the guidelines(Based on accident data available along that particularExpressway)
Never Ever use a barrier that has not been fully crashtested to internationally accepted practices, as we willnot know its performance under impact
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Conclusion
The design of barriers in the construction of newroads/upgrading of existing roads HAS to comply withthe latest design guidelines.
The existing barriers need not be replacedimmediately, however, they MUST be replaced:-
a. Over a reasonable period of time (3 to 5
years)
b. When hit/impacted regularly by errant
vehicle
c. When carrying out routine/scheduled
maintenance (Emphasis on locations with
poor geometrics, high traffic volumes and/or
high operating speeds and significant
volume of heavy trucks and/or buses)
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Replacement & Upgrading Program for Barriers
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
1. Appoint of Technical Team/
Expert in Barrier
2. Review of Existing Barrier
System
3. Draw up program of
Implementation based on
priority
4. Construction/Implementation
5. Training for Designers and
Operation Team
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Thank You
HIGH COURT RULING - 2000
HIGHLAND TOWERS
Steven Phoa Cheng Loon Vs HighlandProperties Sdn. Bhd
“….. Reiterated my strong sentiments against this type of attitude of PROFESSIONALS whose only consideration is to guard their interest rather than their duties and obligations to the PUBLIC which have so much faith and reliance on them ..…”
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