CS 115CS 115

UNIT 1UNIT 1

Chapters 1 – 4Chapters 1 – 4

Mr. EliasMr. Elias

People ResourcePeople Resource

People are the most important People are the most important resource in any organization, with a resource in any organization, with a focus onfocus on

Technology literacyTechnology literacy Information literacyInformation literacy Ethical responsibilitiesEthical responsibilities

People ResourcePeople Resource Technology-literate knowledge worker Technology-literate knowledge worker – –

knows how and when to apply technologyknows how and when to apply technology Information-literate knowledge workerInformation-literate knowledge worker

Can define information needsCan define information needs Knows how and where to obtain informationKnows how and where to obtain information Understands informationUnderstands information Acts appropriately based on informationActs appropriately based on information

EthicsEthics – principles and standards that guide – principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other peopleour behavior toward other people

Information Technology Information Technology ResourceResource

Information technology (IT) Information technology (IT) – – computer-based tools that people computer-based tools that people use to work with informationuse to work with information

HardwareHardware – physical devices that make – physical devices that make up a computerup a computer

SoftwareSoftware – set of instructions that your – set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a hardware executes to carry out a specific task for youspecific task for you

Information Technology – Information Technology – Hardware Hardware

Processing•CPU • ALU•RAM

Six Categories of HardwareSix Categories of Hardware

Keyboard (input)CDs (storage)

Video card (connecting)

CPU

Cable modem (telecommunications)

Monitor (output)

Common Input DevicesCommon Input Devices

Common Output DevicesCommon Output Devices

Common Storage DevicesCommon Storage Devices

Dinosaurs

Storage TypesStorage Types

Magnetic Storage MediaMagnetic Storage Media Hard diskHard disk – magnetic storage with one or – magnetic storage with one or

more thin metal platters sealed inside the more thin metal platters sealed inside the drive drive

Optical Storage MediaOptical Storage Media CDs and DVDsCDs and DVDs

Flash Memory Devices & CardsFlash Memory Devices & Cards Flash memory deviceFlash memory device – USB– USB Flash memory card – SD, xD, Compact Flash memory card – SD, xD, Compact

Flash, etc.Flash, etc.

Common Types of Flash Common Types of Flash MemoryMemory

Capacity of Storage DevicesCapacity of Storage Devices

Megabyte (MB or M or Meg)Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) – – about 1 million bytesabout 1 million bytes

Gigabyte (GB or Gig)Gigabyte (GB or Gig) – about 1 – about 1 billion bytesbillion bytes

Terabyte (TB) Terabyte (TB) – about 1 trillion bytes – about 1 trillion bytes Petabyte (PB)Petabyte (PB) – about 1 quadrillion – about 1 quadrillion

bytesbytes

CPU and RAMCPU and RAM

CPU and Ram at WorkCPU and Ram at Work

SYSTEM BUS

(data pathways)

CPU and RAMCPU and RAM

CPU and RAM work together to form CPU and RAM work together to form the brain of your computerthe brain of your computer

CPU speed measured in gigahertz CPU speed measured in gigahertz (GHz)(GHz) GHzGHz – number of billions of CPU cycles – number of billions of CPU cycles

per secondper second CPU (machine) cycle CPU (machine) cycle – retrieve, – retrieve,

decode, and execute instruction, then decode, and execute instruction, then return result to RAM if necessary return result to RAM if necessary

CPU ComponentsCPU Components

Control unitControl unit – directs what happens in the – directs what happens in the CPU and the rest of your computerCPU and the rest of your computer

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – performs – performs arithmetic, comparison, and logic arithmetic, comparison, and logic operationsoperations

CPU cacheCPU cache – CPU memory where – CPU memory where instructions wait until they’re neededinstructions wait until they’re needed

CPU clockCPU clock – beats to keep instructions and – beats to keep instructions and information moving in synchronized fashioninformation moving in synchronized fashion

System BusSystem Bus

System busSystem bus – electrical pathways – electrical pathways that move information between that move information between motherboard components, especially motherboard components, especially between CPU and RAM between CPU and RAM

Connectors and PortsConnectors and Ports

LEGACY

PORTS

Ports and ConnectorsPorts and Connectors

PortPort – place on your system unit, – place on your system unit, monitor, or keyboard through which monitor, or keyboard through which information and instructions flow to information and instructions flow to and from computer and from computer

Connector – something like a cable; Connector – something like a cable; can also be wirelesscan also be wireless

Common Ports & ConnectorsCommon Ports & Connectors

Serial Ethernet

USBFirewire

Parallel

Wireless ConnectionsWireless Connections

Infrared IR or IrDA (infrared data Infrared IR or IrDA (infrared data association)association) – uses red light to send – uses red light to send and receive informationand receive information

BluetoothBluetooth – transmits information as – transmits information as radio waves for a distance of 30 feetradio waves for a distance of 30 feet

WiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE WiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE 802.11a, b, g, or n802.11a, b, g, or n – transmits – transmits information as radio waves for a information as radio waves for a distance of up to several miles distance of up to several miles

PortsPorts

USB (universal serial bus) portUSB (universal serial bus) port – – fits small, flat, plug-and-play, hot-fits small, flat, plug-and-play, hot-swap USB connectorsswap USB connectors

Firewire port (IEEE1394 or I-Link)Firewire port (IEEE1394 or I-Link) – fits hot-swap, plug-and-play – fits hot-swap, plug-and-play Firewire connectors Firewire connectors

Expansion Cards, Slots, & BusExpansion Cards, Slots, & Bus

PC Card for a NotebookPC Card for a Notebook

Expansion Cards, Slots, & BusExpansion Cards, Slots, & Bus

Expansion card (board)Expansion card (board) – circuit board – circuit board that you insert into the expansion slot and that you insert into the expansion slot and connect to a peripheral deviceconnect to a peripheral device

Expansion slotExpansion slot – long skinny socket on – long skinny socket on the motherboard for expansion cardthe motherboard for expansion card

Expansion busExpansion bus – pathways along which – pathways along which information moves between devices information moves between devices (outside the motherboard) and the CPU (outside the motherboard) and the CPU

SOFTWARESOFTWARE

ApplicationsApplications General PurposeGeneral Purpose Vertical Vertical HorizontalHorizontal

SystemsSystems Operating SystemOperating System UtilitiesUtilities

SOFTWARE – SOFTWARE – INTELLECTUAL INTERFACEINTELLECTUAL INTERFACE Personal productivity softwarePersonal productivity software – –

helps you perform personal taskshelps you perform personal tasks Writing memos (word processing)Writing memos (word processing) Creating graphs (spreadsheet)Creating graphs (spreadsheet) Creating slide presentations Creating slide presentations

(presentation)(presentation) Software suiteSoftware suite – several – several

applications bundled together applications bundled together (usually productivity software) (usually productivity software)

Vertical & Horizontal Market Vertical & Horizontal Market SoftwareSoftware

Vertical market software – Vertical market software – application software for a specific application software for a specific industryindustry Patient-scheduling softwarePatient-scheduling software Restaurant management softwareRestaurant management software

Horizontal market softwareHorizontal market software – – application software suitable for use application software suitable for use in many industriesin many industries Payroll, inventory, and billing Payroll, inventory, and billing

System SoftwareSystem Software Operating system software Operating system software

Microsoft Windows 7Microsoft Windows 7 – Microsoft’s – Microsoft’s latest personal computer operating systemlatest personal computer operating system

Microsoft Windows VistaMicrosoft Windows Vista – predecessor – predecessor to 7 to 7

Microsoft Windows XP HomeMicrosoft Windows XP Home – – predecessor to Vistapredecessor to Vista

Microsoft Windows XP ProMicrosoft Windows XP Pro – – predecessor to Vistapredecessor to Vista

Mac OS Mac OS – – Operating system for MacsOperating system for Macs Linux Linux – powerful open-source operating – powerful open-source operating

system system

Utility SoftwareUtility Software

Utility Software – Utility Software – adds functionality to adds functionality to operating system softwareoperating system software Anti-virus softwareAnti-virus software – detects and – detects and

removes or quarantines computer virusesremoves or quarantines computer viruses Crash-proof softwareCrash-proof software – helps save – helps save

information if your system crashesinformation if your system crashes Uninstaller softwareUninstaller software – removes software – removes software

from your hard disk from your hard disk Disk optimization software Disk optimization software – organizes – organizes

information on your hard diskinformation on your hard disk Spam blocker Spam blocker – filters unwanted e-mail– filters unwanted e-mail