Post on 01-Jan-2016
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Coronary Heart DiseaseCoronary Heart Disease(CHD)(CHD)
Grade 8, Semester 1Year 2011-2012
Blood Supply to the HeartBlood Supply to the Heart
Coronary arteries: blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Coronary arteries branch from the main aorta
Blood PressureBlood Pressure
Measuring blood pressure can reveal cardiovascular problems
Typical blood pressure for a healthy young adult is about 120/70 mmHg (systolic/diastolic).
Hypertension (above 140/90 mm Hg) can cause CHD.
Artery
Rubber cuffinflatedwith air
Arteryclosed
120 120
Pressurein cuff above 120
Pressurein cuff below 120
Pressurein cuff below 70
Sounds audible instethoscope
Sounds stop
Blood pressurereading: 120/70
70
What is CHD?What is CHD?
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart.
What can cause CHD?What can cause CHD?
Coronary heart disease is usually caused by a condition called atherosclerosis.
Occurs when fatty material and a substance called plaque build up on the walls of arteries causing them to get narrow.
As the coronary arteries narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow down or stop. This can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, heart attack, and other symptoms.
One type of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis◦Is caused by the buildup of cholesterol within
arteries
Figure 42.18a, b
(a) Normal artery (b) Partly clogged artery50 µm 250 µm
Smooth muscleConnective tissue Endothelium Plaque
Understanding CHDUnderstanding CHD
CausesCauses
Bad genes (heredity) can increase your risk. You are more likely to develop the condition if someone in your family has had a history of heart disease
Poor lifestyle: Smoking, lack of exercise, stress
DiabetesHigh blood cholesterol
Hypertension, or high blood pressure◦Promotes atherosclerosis and increases the risk of
heart attack and strokeA heart attack
◦Is the death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage of one or more coronary arteries
A stroke◦Is the death of nervous tissue in the brain, usually
resulting from rupture or blockage of arteries in the head
SymptomsSymptoms
Signs & Symptoms
ChestPain
ShortnessOf Breath
HeartAttack
None
PreventionPrevention
Avoid or reduce stress.
Don't smoke.
Eat well-balanced meals that are low in fat and cholesterol
and include several daily servings of fruits and vegetables.
Get regular exercise.
Keep your blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg if you have
diabetes or chronic kidney disease, and below 140/90
otherwise
Keep your cholesterol and blood sugar under control.
Treatment (Bypass surgery)Treatment (Bypass surgery)
• Healthy blood vessel is removed from leg, arm or chest.
• Blood vessel is used to create new blood flow path in your heart.
• The “bypass graft” enables blood to reach your heart by flowing around the blocked portion of the diseased artery.