European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana:

The Year in Review

Monica L. Cooper UC Cooperative Extension, Napa

Viticulture Farm Advisor November 4, 2010

Jack K Clark Jack K Clark

Life cycle Adult (Moth)

Egg

Larva (caterpillar)

Jack Kelly Clark

Monica Cooper

80-160 eggs per ♀

Larva is the damaging life stage; Larval health determines adult fitness.

Monica Cooper

Monica Cooper

Life cycle Adult (Moth)

Egg

Larva (caterpillar)

Pupa

Jack Kelly Clark

Monica CooperJack Kelly Clark

Generation: Egg to adult

3 generations per year Spring-Summer-Summer

1st generationpre-bloom to berry set

Monica Cooper

Monica Cooper

1st generationpre-bloom to berry set

Monica Cooper

Full bloom is easy time to scout

2nd generationPea-sized berry to veraison

Do we have photos?

Javier Saénz Zangheri et al. 1992

2nd generationPea-sized berry to veraison

Do we have photos?

Monica Cooper

Monica Cooper

Scouting

3rd generationPost-veraison to harvest

Do we have photos?

LuciaVarela

Monica Cooper

Jack K Clark

Projects and Experiments 2010

Monitoring Program

Alternate Host Survey

Insecticide Trials

Monitoring Program, 2010

UC Cooperative Extension

5 vineyards 2 olive groves

Oakville, Rutherford, St Helena, 3rd Ave

Traps checked 3 times per week

Results published in online newsletter

Pheromone traps to monitor male flight

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Spring flight

Mal

es p

er t

rap

per

day

08

15

22

29

05

14

19

23

28

04

07

12

Mar Apr May

Trap Data Summary

49 days55 days98 daysDuration

Sep 30Aug 6May 31End date

not observed

not observed

Apr 29-May 3

Start of Egg hatch

Sep 8June 30Apr 22Peak flight

Aug 12June 10Feb 22Start date

1st flight 2nd flight 3rd flight

Host Monitoring 2010

Monica Cooper

V. vinifera

Daphne gnidium

Secondary hosts:OliveBlackberryGooseberryBlack & Red currantCherryPrunePersimmonKiwiPomegranate JF Gaffard

Daphne gnidiumMain hosts:

Olive flowers may host larvae in the spring. Olive fruit is not a host

Monica Cooper

1,011 3367,277 (3)Feb 22-May 31

389 283224 (3)Jun 10-Aug 6

3 113 (4)Aug 12-Sep 30

Within 200 m/ Outside 200 m

Trapped Males

267Larvae Apr 1-Jun 14

82079Eggs Apr 1-Jun 14

Grape OliveUC Monitoring

Alternate Host Survey Greg Simmons

Napa River (Rutherford to Oakville)

3rd Ave (John’s Creek)

May, June, August, September

Blackberry flowers and fruit: 2,125

Wild grape flowers and fruit: 2,991

Plums: 1,511

Elderberry fruit: 1,115

Rose hips: 30

Total number inspected

Alternate Host Survey Greg Simmons

Napa River (Rutherford to Oakville)

3rd Ave (John’s Creek)

May, June, August, September

Blackberry flowers and fruit: 2,125

Wild grape flowers and fruit: 2,991

Plums: 1,511

Elderberry fruit: 1,115

Rose hips: 30

Total number inspected

No Eggs

No Larvae

No pupae of Lobesiabotrana

One non-target larva in plum

Insecticide Trials 2010

Ovicide: Applied before egg is laid

Larvicide: most effective against young larvae

http://cenapa.ucdavis.edu/Napa_County_Programs/Viticulture/European_Grapevine_Moth/

Large plot trials: Grower applied

Small plot trials: Backpack applied

Treatment-Grower applied

Conventional:

Altacor (chlorantraniliprole) 3.25 oz 2-4.5 oz

Intrepid (methoxyfenozide) 12 oz 8-16 oz

Organic:

Dipel (B. thuringiensis Kurstaki) 1 lb 0.5-1 lb

Entrust (spinosad) 2 oz 1.25-2.5 oz

Label rateTrial Rate per acre(50 gpa)

4 treatments

4 replications, RCB design

1 2 3 4 5 6

Rows 3 & 4 Sampling

Treatment: May 7, (14, 20)

Treatment timing: Egg hatch

Evaluation: May 26, 2010

Evaluations: Each replicate (~2 ac):

60 vines 4 clusters per vine240 clusters

Each treatment: 960 clusters

Cab Sauv (4, 7, 15, 337) 039-16planted in 2000Lyre/ Quad

Insecticide efficacy against L. botrana at Oakville, CA

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

Altacor Dipel Entrust Intrepid

Ave

rage

% C

lust

ers

from

240

sam

pled

Clusters with damage but no larva found

Clusters with larva

1.67% b

2.81% a

3.02% b

1.98% a

2.92% b

1.25% a

0.1% a

0.63% a

3.25 oz 1 lb 2 oz 12 oz

Evaluation: May 26, 2010

Summary of Insecticide Trial #1, 1st generation

Treatments applied at egg hatch (May 7)

Flight ended May 31

Treatments with longer residuals (21 d) should have covered the period between egg hatch and end of flight

Intrepid efficacious at mid-rate (12 oz)

Ovicide: June 18

Altacor (chlorantraniliprole) 3.25 oz 2-4.5 oz

Intrepid (methoxyfenozide) 12 oz 8-16 oz

Larvicide: June 25

Altacor (chlorantraniliprole) 3.25 oz 2-4.5 oz

Intrepid (methoxyfenozide) 12 oz 8-16 oz

Label rateTrial Rate per acre

(100 gpa)

Treatment-Grower applied

4 treatments

4 replications, RCB design

1 2 3 4 5 6

Rows 3 & 4 Sampling

Cab Sauv (4, 7, 15, 337) 039-16planted in 2000Lyre/ Quad

2 evaluation dates:

July 7/8 July 15

Evaluation date: July 7, 8

8000.02.0 0.25%

0.00.0AltacorLarvicide

8000.010.4 1.13%

0.06.08 0.76%

Intrepid Larvicide

8000.01.04 0.13%

0.01.04 0.13%

AltacorOvicide

8000.00.00.04 0.5%

Intrepid Ovicide

Total Clusters

LarvaeHatched Eggs

Dead Eggs

Live Eggs

Ovicide applied: June 18

Larvicide applied: June 25

Evaluation date: July 15

4000.04.0 1.0%

1.0 0.25%

0.0AltacorLarvicide

4000.03.0 0.75%

0.01.0 0.25%

Intrepid Larvicide

4000.02.01.0 0.25%

0.0AltacorOvicide

4000.00.02.0 0.5%

0.0Intrepid Ovicide

Total Clusters

LarvaeHatched Eggs

Dead Eggs

Live Eggs

Ovicide applied: June 18

Larvicide applied: June 25

Summary of Insecticide Trial #2, 2nd generation

Treatments applied at egg hatch (June 8) and larvae (June 25)

Intrepid (12 oz) and Altacor (3.25 oz) efficacious at MID-rate

Both efficacious at ovicide and larvicide timing

NO live larvae found

Small plot trial (1st generation) Large larvae (4th and 5th instar)

OakvilleCab Sauv (4, 7, 15, 337) 039-16planted in 2000Lyre/ Quad

Back-pack applied: 8-Jun-10

Evaluation date: 10-Jun-10

4 replications 7 vines per replicate

60 clusters evaluated from each replicate

Insecticide efficacy 5th instar Lobesia botrana

Per

cen

t of

clu

ster

s in

fest

ed

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Agri-Mek10 oz

Delegate 3.6 oz

Avaunt4.0 oz

Altacor3.0 oz

Control

a a

a

b

c

June 10, 2010

Small plots insecticide trial1st generation EGVM larvae

• Plot design: – 5 vine plots – Replicated 6 times

• Application:– air-blast mist back-pack sprayer– 50 gallons/acre

• Treatments:– 22 treatments with 8 insecticides– High or low registered rates– Timed as

• ovicide: on April 26• larvicide (single or multiple applications): on May 6, 13 and/or 20

• Evaluation:– 5 cluster in center 3 vines/plot (15 cluster/plot) – Feeding damage evaluated on June 3

• Entire plot over-sprayed with Agri-mek at 10oz/acre on May 28

Insecticide Rate # Applications

ApplicationDate(s) Mean % damage (June 3)

Intrepid 2F 8.0 oz 2 April 26 (O), May 13 (L) 0.0a

Intrepid 2F 8.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Intrepid 2F 16.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Altacor 35WG 2.0 oz 2 April 26 (O), May 13 (L) 0.0a

Altacor 35WG 2.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Altacor 35WG 4.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Delegate 25WDG 3.0 oz 2 May 6 (L), May 20 (L) 0.0a

Delegate 25WDG 3.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Delegate 25WDG 5.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Avaunt 30WDG 4.0 oz 2 May 6 (L), May 20 (L) 0.0a

Avaunt 30WDG 4.0 oz 1 May 13 (L) 0.3a

Avaunt 30WDG 6.0 oz 1 May 13 (L) 0.0a

Belt 4SC 3.0 oz 2 April 26 (O), May 13 (L) 0.0a

Belt 4SC 3.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Belt 4SC 4.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Tourismo SC 14.0 oz 2 April 26 (O), May 13 (L) 0.0a

Tourismo SC 14.0 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Entrust 80WP 1.25 oz 2 May 6 (L), May 20 (L) 0.0a

Entrust 80WP 2.50 oz 1 May 6 (L) 0.0a

Dipel DF 16.0 oz 3 May 6, May 13, May 20 (L) 0.0a

Dipel DF 32.0 oz 2 May 6 (L), May 13 (L) 0.0a

Untreated check 9.2b

Insecticide Summary

Very effective products on the market

Appear to be minimally disruptive to natural enemies

Be aware of resistance issues

Conventional program in 2011 should explore the use of larvicides, rather than focusing strictly on ovicidal activity

Treatment timing summary:

1st generation: (One application for conventional; 2-3 for organic)

Conventional and Organic: Egg hatch

2nd generation: (One application for conventional; 2 for organic)

Ovicides: 3-5 days after 1st moth caught

Larvicides: Egg hatch (~14 days after 1st moth caught)

3rd generation:

Ovicides: Peak flight (Peak egg-laying) 10-14 days after 1st moth caught

Mating disruption

Mating disruption

JK Clark

2oo dispensers per acre

Mating DisruptionBest as Area-wide program, when populations are low, and when not too steep

Informatore Agrario #20, Italy, 1999

Pacific Biocontrol Corporation, Shin-Etsu Fine Chemicals Division

Jack K Clark

Guidelines for Use of Pheromone Traps in 2011

Jack K Clark

Sticky traps with pheromone lures used to monitor male flight

Craig Graffin

Start trapping 2 weeks before bud-break

At least one trap for every 5-10 acres

Check once per week from bud break to harvest

Lure manufacturers:

Alpha Scents SuterraTrece

Guidelines for use of pheromone traps in 2011

Males in traps generally retain their color

Craig Graffin

Bait traps vs. Pheromone traps

Apple juice—No preservatives (no Vitamin C)

Molasses + Wine + Vinegar

Bait traps capture 1/5 of what pheromone traps catch

Bait traps work better in warmer weather

Equivalent to pheromone traps for following a flight, but pheromone traps are better for following population levels

Useful in Europe (Management program)

Not useful for Eradication program

Likely remain experimental/research tool in 2011.

Food attractant vs. Sex attractant

Jack K Clark

The Year in Review 2010

Jack K Clark

The Year in Review

Olive flower: host 1st generation—high population pressure

No populations found in Riparian hosts

Pheromone Traps: Excellent monitoring tool, when they are in high enough densities and in absence of mating disruption; at least one trap per 5-10 acres

Bait traps: Apple juice, best and easiest to use, although bait traps remain a research tool

Insecticide Summary

Very effective products on the market

Appear to be minimally disruptive to natural enemies

Be aware of resistance issues

Explore the use of conventional larvicides, rather than relying strictly on Altacor and Intrepid as ovicides

Treatment timing summary:

1st generation: (One application for conventional; 2-3 for organic)

Conventional and Organic: Egg hatch

2nd generation: (One application for conventional; 2 for organic)

Ovicides: 3-5 days after 1st moth caught

Larvicides: Egg hatch (~14 days after 1st moth caught)

3rd generation:

Ovicides: Peak flight (Peak egg-laying) 10-14 days after 1st moth caught

Mating disruption

Lucia Varela, Rhonda Smith, Jack Kelly Clark

Emily Smith, Molly Fanto

Collaborating growers

Napa County Ag Commissioner Martin Mochizuki

NVG, NCFB, NVV

CDFA, USDA

Dow AgroSciences, DuPont, ValentCorporation, Wilbur Ellis (Ag Supply in St Helena)

Pacific Biocontrol, Suterra, Alpha Scents, Trece

Napa County grape growers and vintners

Acknowledgments

Additional Information

UCCE Napa: UCCE Sonoma:

http://cenapa.ucdavis.edu http://cesonoma.ucdavis.edu

NEWSLETTER:http://cenapa.ucdavis.edu/news_970/European_Grapevine_Moth_688/

Napa County Agricultural Commissioner:

http://www.countyofnapa.org/agcom