Update of the Lobesia botrana program in California · Update of the Lobesia ... • 6 in the 2 nd...
Transcript of Update of the Lobesia botrana program in California · Update of the Lobesia ... • 6 in the 2 nd...
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Jack K Clark
Update of the Lobesia
botrana program in
California
• Lucia G. VarelaUniversity of California, Santa Rosa, CA
• Monica CooperUniversity of California, Napa, CA
• Andrea LucchiUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Legend
Lobesia botrana pupae
Lobesia botrana larvae
Lobesia botrana males
Lobesia botrana female collected
3 mile (4.8 km) buffer
LBAM State interior quarantine
1st detected September 2009
in Napa Valley, California
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How did it enter the US?
Investigated by USDA APHIS SITC.So far, the introduction pathway is unknown.
Some possible entries:
• Machinery (pupa stage).
• Nursery stock (olives).
• Fruit?
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Detection Trapping
Quarantine area:
In 2010/11: 5 mile radius (8 km) from a find.
Traps deployed in vineyards:
• Quarantine area: 25 traps/mi2 (~10 traps/km2)
• Outside quarantine: 25 to 9 traps/mi2 (~3.5 traps/km2)
Traps deployed in urban areas:
• 5 traps/mi2 (~2 traps/km2)
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Quarantine Areas
Individual Moth Catches
As of 10/08/2010
Merced 4
San Joaquin 2
Santa Clara 3
Monterey 1
Santa Cruz 1Fresno 11
Mendocino 36
Sonoma 59
Napa 100,793
Total # moths caught per County in 2010
Male catches 1st generation
Male catches 2nd generation
Male catches 3rd generation
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How did it spread in California?
Infestations associated with:
• Movement of infested winegrapes.
• Movement of infested machinery.
• Movement of vineyard wooden stakes.
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Treatment recommendations for 2010
• Insecticide treatments:
– To Vineyards within 1000 meters of a find (Napa within
200 meters of a find).
– Applications:
• 1st generation: 2 conventional or 3 organic insecticides.
• 2nd and 3rd generations: 1 conventional or 2 organic insecticides for
each generation.
• Mating disruption:
– Napa vineyards only.
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CDFA treated urban areas
Treatment area:500 meter radius from EGVM detection.
Homeowner was given thefollowing choices:� Fruit/flower removal.
� Bt applications.
� Mating disruption in selected County locations.
2010: Majority chose fruit removal.
2011 - 2013: Bt applications & fruit removal.
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2010/11 State
quarantine area:
~2,334 sq. miles
(6045 km2)
Male trap catches in 2010
Male trap catches in 2011
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Napa Sonoma Solano Mendo-
cino
Fresno Merced San
Joaquin
Santa
Cruz
Santa
Clara
Mon-
terey
Nevada
2010 100,83
1
59 11 36 11 4 2 1 3 1 0
2011 113 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 0 4
Number of male moths caught on pheromone traps per year
Populations decrease from 2010 to 2011
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Treatment recommendations for
2011 - 2013
• Insecticide Treatments
– To Vineyards within 500 meters of a find.
– For the 1st and 2nd generations.
• Mating Disruption
– All vineyards within 500 meters of a find (except in
counties slated for deregulation at the end of that year).
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Conditions needed for deregulation
(2011 and 2012)
• 5 consecutive generations without a find
– Insecticide treatments allowed and recommended for
the 1st and 2nd generation
– NO mating disruption allowed
• Monitoring
– Trap density: 100 traps/mi2 (36 traps/km2)
– for at least 2 full generations (or two full generations
followed by a partial third, where a proportion of the
insects from the 2nd are expected to enter diapause)
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Deregulated Areas in 2012
• Counties released from regulation:
– March 2012: Mendocino, San Joaquin, Merced, Fresno
– August 2012: Solano
• Revised quarantine area from 5 to 3 miles radius
from finds, in the remaining six infested counties.
~ 50% reduction quarantine area
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2012 State
quarantine area
~1,302 sq. miles
(3372 km2)
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Napa Sonoma Solano Mendo-
cino
Fresno Merced San
Joaquin
Santa
Cruz
Santa
Clara
Mon-
terey
Nevada
2010 100,831 59 11 36 11 4 2 1 3 1 0
2011 113 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 0 4
2012 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of male moths caught on pheromone traps per year
Populations decreased substantially from
2010 to 2013
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2012 Traps caught
77 moths in 5
areas in Napa
County
At the end of 2012 the following
counties were released from
regulation:
• Nevada, Santa Clara, Santa
Cruz and portions of Solano
and Sonoma
Napa 77 moths
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Male catches 2012
2013 State
quarantine area:
~687 mi2
(1780 km2)
Counties under
regulation:
Napa
Border: Sonoma
& Solano
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2012 trap density – 10 traps/km2 2013 trap density – 36 traps/km2
Traps – 10 traps/km2
2012 Mating disruption
~23,000 acres
Traps – 36 traps/km2
2013 Mating disruption
around 2012 & 2013 finds
~2,800 acres
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40 moths caught:
• 34 in 1st flight
• 6 in the 2nd flight
All other counties continue to be
monitored with traps:
• No moths caught
2013
• Mating disruption only 500
m from a 2012 and 2013 find
(~2,800 acres).
• Trapping density increased to
39 traps/km2
Napa 40 moths
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Alternative hosts in California
� Only detected in the
flower of olives during
2010 first generation
Daphne gnidium
Photo: JF Gaffard
Olive flower
Daphne gnidium
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Are traps accurately measuring
population?
• Up to now, for deregulation:Trap density: 36 traps/km2
= 1 trap/2 vineyard ha
• If on average traps pull moths from ~ 50 meters
– To cover the area, you need ~1 trap/1 ha
– Or continue trapping through time
10 traps/km2
36 traps/km2
km2
vineyard
322 m
162 m
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Thank you