Kiyoshi Honda(Tianjin University, School of Computer Science and Technology)

Eri Haneishi & Hiroko Kishimoto(Showa University of Music)

1. Roles of Hyoid-Larynx Complex2. Analysis of Jo’s X-ray Pictures

Control of Hyoid-Larynx Complex by Jo Estill

Experiment at Haskins Labs (1981)Electromyography and Hyoid bone tracking

Hyoid bonePosition sensing device

LED

Current

Support

First question: The tongue must apply a mechanical force to the larynx via the hyoid bone.

CT

GHGG

Interaction between pitch control and vowel articulation (Honda & Baer, 1981)

①hyoid bone advancement

②CT-joint rotation③vocal fold elongation

Advancement of the hyoid bone results in cricothyroid joint rotation to stretch the vocal folds.

Presented at 10th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice

GH

GG

MRI Experiment at ATR (1993)Mechanism of F0 Lowering by Larynx Lowering

262Hz

C7

C2

87Hz

C7

C2

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Repetitions of /a/ with F0 scale from 262 Hz to 87 Hz

262 Hz 87 Hz

(Honda, et al., 1999)

Larynx Movement: Three Subjects

As F0 rises, the hyoid bone moves forward.As F0 falls, the larynx falls along the cervical spine.

Tracings from 12 descending tones (262 → 87 Hz)

cricoidangle

F0 Control by Extrinsic MusclesF0 raising by advancement of the hyoid bone

F0 lowering by lowering of the cricoid cartilage

genioglossus& geniohyoid

The cricoid cartilage falls along the cervical lordosis.

strap muscles

Extrinsic F0 Control by GH and SH ?The hyoid bone advances by GH and lowers by SH.This mechanism must be stabilized by an antagonist muscle to GH (most likely the pharyngeal constrictor).

Sternohyoid (SH)

Geniohyoid (GH)Antagonist ?

New Project for Soprano Voice (2010~)“Mesopharyngeal Ring” observed on S2

S2 at G5

The bulge of the posterior pharyngeal wall is possibly due to forceful contraction of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle (MPC).

MPC

Three-way Support of Hyoid Bone

GH:Protractor

MPC:Retractor

SH: Depressor

The hyoid-larynx complex is controlled for F0 in speech and singing by three-way support of the hyoid bone with GH, SH, and MPC.

Jo’s Soft X-ray: out of 9 pictures High-dosage X-ray clearly elucidates hyoid-larynx complex.

At Rest

Belting

Opera

Low-Larynx

Image Standardization for ComparisonRotation to horizontal “palatal plane”

The palatal plane is defined as a standard plane by the anterior (ANS) and posterior (PNS) nasal spine.

At RestHyoid bone:

midway between mandible and cervical column

Thyroid cartilage:suspended from

hyoid bone

Cervical column:naturally convex

anterior

Geniohyoid:visible thru x-ray!

OperaHyoid bone: forcefully advanced

Thyroid cartilage:coupled with the

hyoid bone

Cervical column:straightened

Pharynx:post-arytenoid

widening

BeltingHyoid bone: advanced

Thyroid cartilage:tightly coupled

with the hyoid bone

Cervical column:forcefully retracted

Pharynx:constricted

Low-Larynx

Hyoid bone: advanced and

forcefully lowered

Thyroid cartilage:coupled with the

hyoid bone

Cervical column:slightly convex

backward

Summary on Hyoid BoneAdvancement and depression of the hyoid bone to be coupled with the thyroid cartilage in various degrees

At Rest

Belting

Opera

Low-Larynx