Contribution of public transport to urban accessibility in the Netherlands

Ambrosius Baanders

Paul van Beek & Sander van der Eijk

ECORYS, Rotterdam

Goudappel Coffeng, Deventer

increasing congestion

decreasing accessibility of economic centres

increasing congestion

decreasing accessibility of economic centres

Q: What is the present role of public transportin serving the important economic centres

and how can public transport help to alleviatecar congestion problems?

objective:

� study commissioned by NL Ministry of Transportto ECORYS and Goudappel Coffeng

� make “photo” of current contribution of PT

� estimate potential to increase contribution of PT

method [1]

existing modelling tools insufficient

combination of � modelling tools and � local expertise

method [2]

preliminary choices:� current situation � transport model base years� morning peak: 07:00 – 09:00� twelve regions� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� trips relevant for public transport

method [2]

preliminary choices:� current situation � transport model base years� morning peak: 07:00 – 09:00� twelve regions� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� trips relevant for public transport

method [2]

preliminary choices:� current situation � transport model base years� morning peak: 07:00 – 09:00� twelve regions� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� trips relevant for public transport

The twelve urbanregions studiedregions studied

method [2]

preliminary choices:� current situation � transport model base years� morning peak: 07:00 – 09:00� twelve regions� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� trips relevant for public transport

Total number of arrivals per region

Dispersed trips (not linked to the cities) Arrivals in the cities

100%

50-80%

Levels of the analysisand relevant trips

Arrivals outside theEconomic Centres

Arrivals in the Economic Centres

20-50%

Trips of < 2,5 km and streams of <20 trips

Arrivals relevant for public transport

10-45%

Estimation of potential

method [2]

analysis by:

� clusters of cities by size� clusters of cities by size

� market segments

300,000 100,000 50,000 14,000

1 2 3 4

inhabitants

The market segments

within the

urban area

from another

region

1

23

4

method [3]

workshops:

� participants: experts from local / regional stakeholdersstakeholders

� making estimates of effects with the help of an interactive spreadsheet

method [3]

steps in the workshops:

1. verify the data

2. select the measures (“policy dials”)

3. estimate the potential growth relative to current PT volume

4. feedback on the results

method [3]

Origins of morning peak trips to Utrecht Centre-North

number of trips >100

23 % share PT

Input data per economic centre

method [3]

method [3]

steps in the workshops:

1. verify the data

2. select the measures (“policy dials”)

3. estimate the potential growth relative to current PT volume

4. feedback on the results

The “policy dials”

• Quality of public transport• Parking policy• Parking policy• Public transport fares• Mobility management• Intermodal chaining• Marketing and image

Selecting the “policy dials”

method [3]

Mixing console policy dials

PT Quality Parking restr. PT Fares Mob. manag, Marketing Interm. chains Image Spatial pol.

“Tuning” the “policy dials”

method [3]

method [3]

steps in the workshops:

1. verify the data

2. select the measures (“policy dials”)

3. estimate the potential growth relative to current PT volume

4. feedback on the results

method [3]

steps in the workshops:

1. verify the data

2. select the measures (“policy dials”)

3. estimate the potential growth relative to current PT volume

4. feedback on the results

Current PT share and potential for growth

method [3]

PT trips affected by each of the measures

method [3]

Contribution of each of the measures to potential PT share growth

method [3]

results: the “photo”

level of the regions

90 – 50 % of trips have destination in urban area

all modes:work trips 50 – 58 %work trips 50 – 58 %education trips 22 – 26 %other trips 20 – 23 %

public transport:work trips 56 – 53 %, large cities ~ 62 %education trips 43 – 44 %, large cities ~ 33%other trips 3 – 5 %

within urban areawithin urban areaother cityother city

in regionin regionregionalregional

outsideoutside

regionregion

City cluster 1

PT 23% PT 33% PT 21% PT 34%

PT 7% PT 18% PT 12% PT 23%

level of the cities: shares of the market segments and shares of PT

results: the “photo”

City cluster 2

City cluster 3

City cluster 4

PT 7% PT 18% PT 12% PT 23%

PT 8% PT 23% PT 18% PT 28%

PT 2% PT 11% PT 7% PT 13%

results: the “photo”

Market Market Market Market Total all

level of the economic centres

share of the market segments by economic centre oftrips relevant for PT (> 2.5 km)

Market segment 1

within urban area

Market segment 2 from other

city in region

Market segment 3 from within

region

Market segment 4

from another region

Total all segments

City centre in cluster 1 69% 12% 6% 13% 100% City centre in cluster 2 49% 13% 27% 11% 100% City centre in cluster 3 45% 11% 33% 11% 100% City centre in cluster 4 34% 13% 29% 24% 100% Office parks 44% 13% 28% 14% 100% Commercial estates 58% 11% 18% 13% 100%

City centre Office park Commercialestate

Large city Small city

Quality of public transportsupply

1 2

4

3

Importance attributed in the workshops to the “policy dials”

results: the potential

Parking regime

Public transport fares

Mobility management

Intermodal chaining

Marketing and image

432 3

3

3 3 4

2 3

4 4 4 4

3

Potential for PT share increase

results: the potential

Contribution of the “policy dials” to the potential

results: the potential

conclusions

current contribution

What is current role?� Flows within the cities / urban areas� Flows from other regionsWhat is explanation of differences?� Differences in local circumstances� Differences in local circumstancesInfluence of land use patterns?� Role increases with size of the urban areaWhich travel purposes?� Work = 50%+, education = 50%-.� Largest cities: work = larger share

conclusions

estimation of the potential

What is expected potential?� Between 1 % and 10 % of total trips to economic centresIncrease at the expense of which mode?� The car (bicycle > 2.5 km?)What measures contribute?What measures contribute?� Improvement of PT supply quality� Makes tightening of parking regime possible� Mobility management, intermodal chaining, marketing� Fares not importantRelationship between the measures?� “Dials” cannot be turned independently � “Tuning”Role of the train?larger in largest cities� varies elsewhere due to local network configuration

conclusions

the method: combining models and expertknowledge

Worked well

Was a combination of several benefits:� models used that were owned by the regions = own tools� expertise in the regions used: clear added value to model results� outcomes were trusted, because not a black box

conclusion for AMTU:continue to study

broos.baanders@ecorys.com

pvbeek@goudappel.nl