UNIT 1: COLONIALAMERICA

Bell Ringer: Why do people move?

Compile of list of 5 reasons on your own.

Now compare that list with a partner’s list.

Which of those reasons would apply to Europeans in the 1500s and 1600s?

Causes of Exploration Activity1. Each group read pages 20-25 in the text book.2. Describe the topic your group was assigned. Include these three items:

a. What was the ________? b. How did it affect European life?

c. Why did it encourage people to explore?

YOU HAVE 20 MINUTES!!!

Group Topics:1) Social Hierarchy 2) Renaissance3) Crusades 4) Reformation5) Commerce & Rise of Nations 6) Exploration

Causes of Exploration

Feudalism The Crusades

The Renaissance Competition

EuropeanExploration

Ends Isolation

New Things

Gain new lands

Weak Monarchs

Want a Better Life

Gain More Freedom

New Learning

New Inventions

Train Sailors & Explorers

Gain Wealth & Power

New Trade Routes

Get Colonies & Resources

BR: Write down three things you remember from yesterday’s lesson…

In ONE minute, find someone and

GIVE ONE, GET ONE…

I. Life in EuropeA.

Feudalism1. Weak Monarchs

a. Divided land into Manors controlled by nobles

b. People living in the manor worked for the noble

i. Lives revolved around the manor

ii. Poor living conditions and education

B. Crusades: 12th to 14th centuries

1. Muslims invaded the Holy Lands

a. European kings asked to take them back

2. Exposed the Europeans to new things

a. Spices: ginger, tea, and pepper

b. Technology: Gun powder, and telescopes

3. Europeans increased trade to get these items

a. Items cost too much from traders

b. Create their own routes

i. Lower price, Increase profit

Crusader Routes

C. Renaissance: 14th to 17th centuries1. Revival in learning and invention

2. New technology:

a. Magnetic Compass

b. Astrolabe

c. Printing Press

d. Caraval

3. Prince Henry the Navigator

a. Trained sailors and explorers to find trade routes

4. Christopher Columbus

a. First Spanish Colony in 1493 in Haiti

TICKET OUT THE DOOR (T.O.D.)

3 – reasons why Europeans explored

2—things you thought were interesting

1—question you still have about the lesson

Bell Ringer—Create a list of reasons why people

wanted to leave Europe.

II. First English Attempts – off coast of present-day North Carolina

A. Roanoke Island – 1585

1. Sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh

2. 100 men give up after one year

B. Roanoke Island – 1587 “The Lost Colony”

1. Raleigh sends 117 men, women, & children2. 3 years later they have disappeared

3. Clue – “CROATOAN” carved on a doorpost

What happened to Roanoke Island?

With a partner, read the evidence gathered on Roanoke and determine which theory is most plausible?

Edmodo Activity

Log onto your laptops and go to www.edmodo.com.

Create a student account and then go to the link provided there in order to explore the Jamestown passenger lists.

Digital Textbook:

www.classzone.com

Go to Sign in and create a new student account

Activation Code is:4921755-10

Bell Ringer:What things would be needed to have a good

site to build a colony on?

III. Jamestown, Virginia – 1607A. Investors form a joint-stock company & sponsor settlement

1. Guaranteed colonists the same rights they had in England.

B. First PERMANENT English settlement in the New World

1. Site – swampy peninsula (good defense, not health)

2. Settlers - 100 male adventurers & soldiers – not farmers3. Goal was to find GOLD, not obtain supplies for winter

Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map

Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map

Jamestown Fort & Settlement (CG)Jamestown Fort & Settlement (CG)

Jamestown HousingJamestown Housing

Jamestown SettlementJamestown Settlement

Jamestown Chapel, 1611Jamestown Chapel, 1611

C. Captain John Smith takes overC. Captain John Smith takes over

There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold…

1. Obtains supplies from Indians

2. Forces men to work – “no work, no eat”

3. Pocahontas Legend3. Pocahontas Legend

A 1616 engraving

Pocahontas “saves” Captain John Smith

D. Conditions are very difficultD. Conditions are very difficult

1607: 104 colonists

By spring, 1608: 38 survived

1609: 300 more immigrants

By spring, 1610: 60 survived

1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants

1624 population: 1,200

Adult life expectancy: 40 years

Death of children before age 5: 80%

1. Half the settlers die during the first year

2. “Starving Times” – almost 90% of the settlers died during the winter of 1609-1610

3. Conflict with Native Americans

a. General mistrust because

of different cultures &

languages.

b. English raided Indian

food & supplies

c. Take more land as they

expanded

The Nightmare of Jamestown

Powhatan Uprisingof 1622

Powhatan Uprisingof 1622

E. Tobacco

1. John Rolfe developed a money-making crop2. Economy based on

tobacco sold to England

Virginia’s gold and silver. -- John Rolfe, 1612

Early Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial Tobacco

1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.

1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.

1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.

1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

F. Growth of Virginia

1. House of Burgesses – first elected assembly in the New World

a. Control over finances, militia, make laws

2. Indentured Servants

d. Virginians got 50 acres for each passage they paid.

c. Promised “freedom dues” [land and £]

a. Receive passage to New World in return for laborb. Work for 5-7 years for the person who paid

3. Slavery – Twenty Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619

a. Their status was not clear slaves or indentured servants.

English Tobacco Label

BR: Brainstorm—What do you know about the Pilgrims?

IV. Colonizing New EnglandIV. Colonizing New England

A. Massachusetts – Plymouth Colony

1. Pilgrims – 1620

a. Separatists who broke away from the Church of England & were being persecutedb. Poor people with little power

c. Sail from England on the Mayflower

i. 102 people including Captain Myles Standish.

2. Government

a. Based on the Mayflower Compact

b. Agreement signed before the settlers left the boat

c. Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

Prediction:

Based on the beliefs of the Pilgrims, what do you think their policy would be toward Native Americans?

Think for a moment and then discuss it with your partner.

3. Native Americansa. Helped the people – farming, fishing, huntingb. Squanto – Native American who spoke English!

c. Thanksgiving – Fall of 1621

Summarizing Activity:

Working with a partner, complete the chart

comparing Jamestown to Plymouth

Vocabulary Review:

*1’s Quiz your partner on the meanings of the first 7 vocab words.* 2’s Quiz your partner on the meanings of the second 7 vocab words.

*If they do not know tell them*

BR:How did the beliefs and values of the settlers

affect the development of the colonies?

B. Massachusetts – Massachusetts Bay Colony

1. Puritans – 1630

a. Wanted to reform (or purify) the Church of Englandb. Well-educated & well-supplied

c. Sailed from England with 17 ships and 1000 peopled. Within 10 years, 20,000 more Puritans arrived

e. Purpose – set up a model colony based on THEIR beliefs

Sources of Puritan MigrationSources of Puritan Migration

First Seal of MA BayFirst Seal of MA Bay

Boston:Capital of

Massachusetts Bay

2. Government

a. No separation of church of state

b. Only white, male, church members could

votec. No dissent was allowed

d. First Governor: John Winthrop

We shall be as a city on a hill..

Critical Thinking:

Based on their beliefs and form of government, what problems would the Puritans be likely to face in the New World?

Think and discuss your ideas with a partner.

CP Primary Source Activity:

Read the transcript of part of the Salem Witch Trials, and then answer the following questions.

1. What information is the court attempting to gather about the defendants?

2. How is the testimony of Tituba and Sarah Osborne similar and different?

3. What impact did the beliefs and form of government in Puritan MA, have on the Trials.

3. Native Americans

a. Puritans try to convert Indiansb. Indian lands are taken – usually by force

King Philip’s War (1675-76)

Metacom “King Philip”

United Indians and attacked white settlements

Failed to take back land

Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.

His son and wife sold into slavery.

Never a serious threat again

Summarizing Point:

How did geography impact the settlements of Jamestown, Plymouth, and

Boston?

C. Rhode Island (1636) – only New England colony to allow religious freedom

1. Roger Williams

a. Disagreed with the Puritans & was kicked out of MA

b. Set up a colony in which all religions were tolerated

c. Believed in separation of church & state

Summarizing Reading Activity:

Read the American Portrait of Anne Hutchinson and then answer the questions listed under the Reviewing the Portrait Section.

2. Anne Hutchinson

a. Disagreed with the Puritans & was kicked out of MA

b. Welcomed in Rhode Island

She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County, NY.

D. Other New England Colonies

1. Connecticut (1636) – founded by Thomas Hooker & other Puritans who were looking for rich farmland

2. New Hampshire (1637) formed by John Wheelwright & other critics of the Puritans; fishing & trading were important

New England Spreads OutNew England Spreads Out

Population of the New England Colonies

Population of the New England Colonies

New England Colonies, 1650New England Colonies, 1650

Bell Ringer: How did the religious beliefs of the Puritans

impact the settlement of the New England colonies?

V. Settling the Middle ColoniesV. Settling the Middle Colonies

A. New York (1664)

1. Originally owned by the Dutch (New Amsterdam)

2. Charles II granted the land to his brother, James the Duke of York

King Charles II The Duke of York

Duke of York’s Original Charter

Duke of York’s Original Charter

New York, 1664New York, 1664

B. New Jersey (1664)

1. Land given to Lord Berkeley & Sir George

Carteret, supporters of Charles II

Lord Berkeley Sir George Carteret

C. Pennsylvania (1681)

1. William Penn (1644-1718)

a. Member of a wealthy English family

b. Joined the Society of Friends (Quakers) at age 23

c. Family unhappy, and jailed for his beliefs

i. Refused to pay taxes to the Church of England, met without paid clergy, and quaked during services

2. Land in the New World

a. William Penn’s father (Admiral Sir William Penn) loaned £16,000 to Charles II

b. Land given to Penn as payment

c. Penn receives charter for “Pensilvania”(Latin for “Penn’s Woods”)

Royal Land Grant to PennRoyal Land Grant to Penn

3. The Colony

a. A “Holy Experiment”

b. Native Americans treated fairly (at first)

i. Bought the land from Indians.

c. All religions are tolerated

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

D. Delaware (1682)

2. Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].

1. The three lower counties of PA broke off

Summary Point:

What similarities and differences were there within the Middle Colonies and as they were compared with the New England Colonies?

BR: How is the geography of

the Southern colonies different from that of the

Northern colonies?

VI. Settling the Southern ColoniesVI. Settling the Southern Colonies

A. Maryland (1632)

1. A royal charter granted to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

2. A haven for Catholics

Colonization of MarylandColonization of Maryland

St Mary’s City (1634)St Mary’s City (1634)

B. North and South Carolina (1663)

1. Settled by 8 proprietors who had helped Charles II regain the throne2. North – subsistence farming & naval stores (turpentine, tar)3. South – plantations of rice & indigo; shipping

Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-1775

Rice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-1775

Port of Charles Town, SCPort of Charles Town, SC

Also named for King Charles II of England.

Became the busiest port in the South.

C. Georgia (1732)

a. The poor from England were brought to the colony

1. Founded by James Oglethorpe and named after King George II

2. Created as a Social Experiment

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups

T.O.DHow did the challenges and

hardships of colonization change the participants and the world they explored and

settled?

Write a 1 paragraph answer for tomorrow including examples to illustrate your arguments.