ROYAL NETHERLANDS MILITARY ACADEMY

Comparing OODA and Other Models as Operational View C2 Architecture

Tim Grant * & Bas Kooter *** Royal Netherlands Military Academy

TJ.Grant@mindef.nl

** MultiNeeds b.v.MultiNeeds@planet.nl

Tim Grant * & Bas Kooter *** Royal Netherlands Military Academy

TJ.Grant@mindef.nl

** MultiNeeds b.v.MultiNeeds@planet.nl

13-16 Jun 05 Grant: Comparing OODA & Other Models 2

Outline

IntroductionBoyd’s (1996) OODAOODA as Operational ViewComparison with other modelsOODA’s shortcomingsRe-engineering OODAFurther work

IntroductionBoyd’s (1996) OODAOODA as Operational ViewComparison with other modelsOODA’s shortcomingsRe-engineering OODAFurther work

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Introduction

Authors:Tim Grant: Professor, Operational ICTBas Kooter: Independent consultant

Royal Netherlands Military Academy:Faculty of Military Science, MOD (NL)

Faculty’s research themes:Optimising operational resourcesFuture warsIntelligent support for decision-makingTechnology-induced transformationPartnershipsAvailability

Authors:Tim Grant: Professor, Operational ICTBas Kooter: Independent consultant

Royal Netherlands Military Academy:Faculty of Military Science, MOD (NL)

Faculty’s research themes:Optimising operational resourcesFuture warsIntelligent support for decision-makingTechnology-induced transformationPartnershipsAvailability

“Beyond SA: closing OODA loop”“Beyond SA: closing OODA loop”

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Boyd’s (1996) OODA model

FeedForward

Observations Decision(Hypothesis)

Action(Test)

CulturalTraditions

GeneticHeritage

NewInformation Previous

Experience

Analyses &Synthesis

FeedForward

FeedForward

ImplicitGuidance& Control

ImplicitGuidance& Control

UnfoldingInteraction

WithEnvironment

UnfoldingInteraction

WithEnvironment Feedback

Feedback

OutsideInformation

UnfoldingCircumstances

ObserveObserve OrientOrient DecideDecide ActAct

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OODA as Operational View

OODAOODA

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Comparisons (1)

OODA compared with:Wohl’s (1981) SHOR modelRasmussen (1983) three-level modelMayk & Rubin’s (1988) review of 15 modelsKlein’s (1998) RPDM modelEndsley’s (2000) SA modelDemming’s (1951) Plan-Do-Check-Act

OODA compared with:Wohl’s (1981) SHOR modelRasmussen (1983) three-level modelMayk & Rubin’s (1988) review of 15 modelsKlein’s (1998) RPDM modelEndsley’s (2000) SA modelDemming’s (1951) Plan-Do-Check-Act

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Comparisons (2)

√√√?√√√Peer review?Peer review?

?√√√Interaction?Interaction?

√Learning?Learning?

√ (4)(3)(2)√√ (1)Planning?Planning?

√Tempo?Tempo?

√√√√Detailed?Detailed?

√√√√√√√Control loop?Control loop?

PDCAPDCASASARPDMRPDMMaykMaykRasmussenRasmussenSHORSHOROODAOODA

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OODA’s shortcomings

Neither detailed nor formalisedNo guarantee of scalabilityOther agents not modelled explicitlyCompetitive interactions onlyLacks psychological validity:No domain state or world modelNo concept of attention or memoryLacks deliberative planning processLacks learning process

Neither detailed nor formalisedNo guarantee of scalabilityOther agents not modelled explicitlyCompetitive interactions onlyLacks psychological validity:No domain state or world modelNo concept of attention or memoryLacks deliberative planning processLacks learning process

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Re-engineering OODA (1)

Re-engineering process:Define requirements:

“Rational reconstruction” of OODAApply use-casesFormalise using SADT:

-> Operational View architectureObject-oriented analysis using UML:

-> Systems View architectureImplement in Java, C# or Smalltalk:

For verification of Operational ViewReal-time performance NOT optimised

Re-engineering process:Define requirements:

“Rational reconstruction” of OODAApply use-casesFormalise using SADT:

-> Operational View architectureObject-oriented analysis using UML:

-> Systems View architectureImplement in Java, C# or Smalltalk:

For verification of Operational ViewReal-time performance NOT optimised

√√√√

√√

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Re-engineering OODA (2)

AgentSet Filter

Prototypes

Actuators

Sensors

Observing

Acting

Expected Situation

Situation not recognised

Retrieve alternative COA

Expectations

Actions

Plans

Observation

Env

ironm

ent

Selected Plan

Signal

Assessors

Planners

Decisionmakers

Sensemakers

New/modified Prototype

Control of planning

Prototypes

Observedprototypes

Control of Sensemaking

Goals

Deciding

Unexpected situation

Orienting

Existing prototypes

Acceptedgoal

Goals

Effects achieved

COAs

Construct COA

Sensemaking

Planning

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Further work

UML analysis (in progress)Implement & test demonstratorIncorporate lessons learned in:Operational View architectureSystems View architecturePublish further papers:Rational reconstruction (submitted)Validation against 9/11 timelinePlanning niche

UML analysis (in progress)Implement & test demonstratorIncorporate lessons learned in:Operational View architectureSystems View architecturePublish further papers:Rational reconstruction (submitted)Validation against 9/11 timelinePlanning niche

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Any questions?Any questions?