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Lecturer: Dr Mohammad Nabil Almunawar

Learning Objectives

Identify several major developments and trends in the industries, technologies and business applications of telecommunications and Internet technologies.

Provide examples of the business value of Internet, intranet, and extranet applications.

Identify the basic components, functions, and types of telecommunications networks.

Explain the functions of major types of telecommunications network hardware media, and services.

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Business Value of Telecommunications

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Trends in Telecommunications

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Telecommunications-Based Services

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Some Important TermsOpen Systems: Information systems that

use common standards for hardware, software, applications, and networking.

Connectivity: The ability of networked computers and other devices to easily access and communicate with each other and share information.

Interoperability: The ability of an open system to enable the many different applications of end users to be accomplished using the different varieties of computer systems, software packages, and databases provided by a variety of interconnected networks

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Telecommunications Network Model

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Network Component Alternatives

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Telecommunications Communication Media

Twisted PairCoaxial CableFiber Optics

Terrestrial MicrowaveCommunication

SatellitesCellular TechnologiesWireless LAN

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Types of Telecommunications Networks

Wide Area Network (WAN) – network that covers a large geographic area

Local Area Network (LAN) – network connecting information processing devices within a limited physical area

Virtual Private Network (VPN) – secure network that uses the Internet as its main backbone network, but relies on network firewalls, encryption, and other security features of its Internet and intranet connections and those of participating organizations

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Types of Telecommunications NetworksClient/Server – PCs and workstations,

called clients are interconnected by local area networks and share application processing with network servers

Network Computing – Thin clients provide a browser-based user interface for processing small application programs

Peer-to-Peer – file-sharing software connects each PC to a central server or to another online user’s PC

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LAN & VPN

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Client/Server & Network Computing

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Peer-to-Peer

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Telecommunications Processors and Software

ModemsMultiplexersInternetwork

ProcessorsSwitchesRoutersHubsGateways

Fire walls

Network Operating System

Telecommunications Monitor

MiddlewareNetwork Management

Software

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Telecommunications Technologies

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Internetwork ProcessorsSwitch – makes connections between

telecommunications circuits in a networkRouter – intelligent communications

processor that interconnects networks based on different protocols

Hub – a port switching communications processor

Gateway – connects networks using different communications architectures

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Communications Processors

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Wireless TechnologiesTerrestrial Microwave – earthbound

microwave systems that transmit high-speed radio signals in a line-of-sight path between relay stations spaced approximately 30 miles apart

Communications Satellites - high-earth orbit communications satellites placed in stationary geosynchronous orbits

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Wireless TechnologiesCellular and PCS Systems – a geographic

area divided into cells with one low-power transmitter device per cell used to relay calls from one cell to another

Wireless LANs –high- or low-frequency radio technology installed in an office or building

Wireless Web – wireless, Web-enabled information appliances accessing the Internet, intranets and extranets

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The Wireless WebWeb-enabled appliances proliferate

Smart telephones, pagers, PDAsAll are very thin clients in wireless networks

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InternetA network made up of millions of

smaller private networks each with the ability to operate independent of, or in harmony with, all the other millions of networks connected to the Internet

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Internet Applications

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Business Use of the Internet

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Business Value of the Internet

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IntranetA network inside an organization that uses

Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the enterprise for information sharing, communications, collaboration, and the support of business processes

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Business Value of IntranetsCommunications and Collaboration – includes

email, voicemail, paging, faxes, and groupware

Web Publishing – easy, attractive and low-cost way of publishing and accessing multimedia business information

Business Operations and Management – platform for developing and deploying critical business applications to support business operations and managerial decision making across the inter-networked enterprise

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Business Value of Intranets

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ExtranetNetwork links that use Internet technologies

to interconnect the intranet of a business with the intranets of its customers, suppliers, or other business partners

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Business Value of Extranets

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Network ManagementTraffic Management – manage network

resources and traffic to avoid congestion and optimize telecommunications service levels to users

Security – provide authentication, encryption, firewall, auditing and enforcement

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Network ManagementNetwork Monitoring – troubleshoot and

watch over the network, informing network administrators of potential problems before they occur

Capacity Planning – survey network resources and traffic patterns and users’ needs to determine how best to accommodate the needs of the network as it grows and changes

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Network TopologiesStar – ties end user computers to a central

computerRing – ties local computer processors

together in a ring on a relatively equal basisBus – local processors share the same

communications channel

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Network Topologies

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Network Architectures & ProtocolsProtocol – standard set of rules and

procedures for the control of communications in a network

Network Architecture – the use of standard protocols, standard communications hardware and software interfaces and the design of a standard multilevel interface between end users and computer systems with the goal of promoting an open, simple, flexible, and efficient telecommunications environment

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OSI & TCP/IP ModelsOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI) - model

is a seven-layer model that serves as a standard model for network architectures

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) – is a five layer telecommunications protocol used by the Internet

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OSI & TCP/IP Models

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BandwidthDefinition:Classification of communications speed

and capacity of telecommunications networks

Transmission Rates:Narrow-band – low-speedBroadband – high-speed

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Transmission Speeds

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Switching AlternativesCircuit Switching – a switch opens a circuit to

establish a link between a sender and receiver; it remains open until the communication session is completed

Message Switching – a message is transmitted a block at a time from one switching device to another

Packet Switching – messages are divided into fixed or variable length packets, and packets are sent across networks

Cell Switching – breaks voice, video and other data into fixed cells of 53 bytes and routes them to their next destination in the network

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Summary Organizations are becoming networked enterprises that

use the Internet, intranets, and other telecommunications networks to support business operations and collaboration within the enterprise, and with their customers, suppliers, and other business partners.

Telecommunications technology is moving toward open, inter-networked digital networks for voice, data, video and multimedia.

Open systems with unrestricted connectivity using Internet technologies are the primary telecommunications technology drivers in e-business systems.

Companies are deriving strategic business value from the Internet, which enables them to disseminate information globally, communicate and trade interactively with customized information and services for individual customers, and foster collaboration of people and integration of business processes within the enterprise and with business partners.

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Summary Businesses are installing and extending intranets

throughout their organizations to:Improve communications and collaboration

among individuals and teams within the enterprise

Publish and share valuable business information easily, inexpensively, and effectively via enterprise information portals

Develop and deploy critical applications to support business operations and decision making

The primary role of extranets is to link the intranet resources of a company to the intranets of its customers, suppliers, and other business partners.

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