Communication
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Transcript of Communication
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Lecturer: Dr Mohammad Nabil Almunawar
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Learning Objectives
Identify several major developments and trends in the industries, technologies and business applications of telecommunications and Internet technologies.
Provide examples of the business value of Internet, intranet, and extranet applications.
Identify the basic components, functions, and types of telecommunications networks.
Explain the functions of major types of telecommunications network hardware media, and services.
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Business Value of Telecommunications
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Trends in Telecommunications
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Telecommunications-Based Services
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Some Important TermsOpen Systems: Information systems that
use common standards for hardware, software, applications, and networking.
Connectivity: The ability of networked computers and other devices to easily access and communicate with each other and share information.
Interoperability: The ability of an open system to enable the many different applications of end users to be accomplished using the different varieties of computer systems, software packages, and databases provided by a variety of interconnected networks
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Telecommunications Network Model
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Network Component Alternatives
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Telecommunications Communication Media
Twisted PairCoaxial CableFiber Optics
Terrestrial MicrowaveCommunication
SatellitesCellular TechnologiesWireless LAN
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
Wide Area Network (WAN) – network that covers a large geographic area
Local Area Network (LAN) – network connecting information processing devices within a limited physical area
Virtual Private Network (VPN) – secure network that uses the Internet as its main backbone network, but relies on network firewalls, encryption, and other security features of its Internet and intranet connections and those of participating organizations
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Types of Telecommunications NetworksClient/Server – PCs and workstations,
called clients are interconnected by local area networks and share application processing with network servers
Network Computing – Thin clients provide a browser-based user interface for processing small application programs
Peer-to-Peer – file-sharing software connects each PC to a central server or to another online user’s PC
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LAN & VPN
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Client/Server & Network Computing
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Peer-to-Peer
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Telecommunications Processors and Software
ModemsMultiplexersInternetwork
ProcessorsSwitchesRoutersHubsGateways
Fire walls
Network Operating System
Telecommunications Monitor
MiddlewareNetwork Management
Software
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Telecommunications Technologies
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Internetwork ProcessorsSwitch – makes connections between
telecommunications circuits in a networkRouter – intelligent communications
processor that interconnects networks based on different protocols
Hub – a port switching communications processor
Gateway – connects networks using different communications architectures
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Communications Processors
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Wireless TechnologiesTerrestrial Microwave – earthbound
microwave systems that transmit high-speed radio signals in a line-of-sight path between relay stations spaced approximately 30 miles apart
Communications Satellites - high-earth orbit communications satellites placed in stationary geosynchronous orbits
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Wireless TechnologiesCellular and PCS Systems – a geographic
area divided into cells with one low-power transmitter device per cell used to relay calls from one cell to another
Wireless LANs –high- or low-frequency radio technology installed in an office or building
Wireless Web – wireless, Web-enabled information appliances accessing the Internet, intranets and extranets
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The Wireless WebWeb-enabled appliances proliferate
Smart telephones, pagers, PDAsAll are very thin clients in wireless networks
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InternetA network made up of millions of
smaller private networks each with the ability to operate independent of, or in harmony with, all the other millions of networks connected to the Internet
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Internet Applications
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Business Use of the Internet
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Business Value of the Internet
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IntranetA network inside an organization that uses
Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the enterprise for information sharing, communications, collaboration, and the support of business processes
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Business Value of IntranetsCommunications and Collaboration – includes
email, voicemail, paging, faxes, and groupware
Web Publishing – easy, attractive and low-cost way of publishing and accessing multimedia business information
Business Operations and Management – platform for developing and deploying critical business applications to support business operations and managerial decision making across the inter-networked enterprise
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Business Value of Intranets
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ExtranetNetwork links that use Internet technologies
to interconnect the intranet of a business with the intranets of its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
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Business Value of Extranets
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Network ManagementTraffic Management – manage network
resources and traffic to avoid congestion and optimize telecommunications service levels to users
Security – provide authentication, encryption, firewall, auditing and enforcement
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Network ManagementNetwork Monitoring – troubleshoot and
watch over the network, informing network administrators of potential problems before they occur
Capacity Planning – survey network resources and traffic patterns and users’ needs to determine how best to accommodate the needs of the network as it grows and changes
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Network TopologiesStar – ties end user computers to a central
computerRing – ties local computer processors
together in a ring on a relatively equal basisBus – local processors share the same
communications channel
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Network Topologies
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Network Architectures & ProtocolsProtocol – standard set of rules and
procedures for the control of communications in a network
Network Architecture – the use of standard protocols, standard communications hardware and software interfaces and the design of a standard multilevel interface between end users and computer systems with the goal of promoting an open, simple, flexible, and efficient telecommunications environment
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OSI & TCP/IP ModelsOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI) - model
is a seven-layer model that serves as a standard model for network architectures
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) – is a five layer telecommunications protocol used by the Internet
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OSI & TCP/IP Models
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BandwidthDefinition:Classification of communications speed
and capacity of telecommunications networks
Transmission Rates:Narrow-band – low-speedBroadband – high-speed
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Transmission Speeds
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Switching AlternativesCircuit Switching – a switch opens a circuit to
establish a link between a sender and receiver; it remains open until the communication session is completed
Message Switching – a message is transmitted a block at a time from one switching device to another
Packet Switching – messages are divided into fixed or variable length packets, and packets are sent across networks
Cell Switching – breaks voice, video and other data into fixed cells of 53 bytes and routes them to their next destination in the network
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Summary Organizations are becoming networked enterprises that
use the Internet, intranets, and other telecommunications networks to support business operations and collaboration within the enterprise, and with their customers, suppliers, and other business partners.
Telecommunications technology is moving toward open, inter-networked digital networks for voice, data, video and multimedia.
Open systems with unrestricted connectivity using Internet technologies are the primary telecommunications technology drivers in e-business systems.
Companies are deriving strategic business value from the Internet, which enables them to disseminate information globally, communicate and trade interactively with customized information and services for individual customers, and foster collaboration of people and integration of business processes within the enterprise and with business partners.
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Summary Businesses are installing and extending intranets
throughout their organizations to:Improve communications and collaboration
among individuals and teams within the enterprise
Publish and share valuable business information easily, inexpensively, and effectively via enterprise information portals
Develop and deploy critical applications to support business operations and decision making
The primary role of extranets is to link the intranet resources of a company to the intranets of its customers, suppliers, and other business partners.
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