LIBRARY ASSIGNMENT ON COMMON LABORATORY PREPARATION AND SEPRATION OF BINARY MIXTURES

Mentor :- Mr. Mukesh Bugalia

Prepared by:- Abhishek Nama

CONTENTS

COMMON SOLVENT COMMON LABORATORY REAGENTS SYNTHESIS OF DRUGS SEPRATION OF BINARY MIXTURE

INTRODUCTION SOLVENT- A SOLVNET IS A LIQUID ,SOLID ,GAS THAT DISSOLVE ANOTHER SOLID,LIQUID OR GASEOUS SOLUTE RESULTING IN A SOLUTION THAT IS SOLUBLE IN CERTAIN VOLUME OF SOLVENT AT A SPECIFIED TEMPRATURE.

Ex. Water –It is a universal solvent

REAGENTS- A REAGENT IS A COMPOUND THAT IS ADDED TO A SYSTEM IN ORDER TO BRING ABOUT A CHEMICAL REACTION .

ORGANIC REAGETS-Ex. GRIGNARD REAGENTS COLLINS REAGENTS

ANALYTICAL REAGENTS- Ex. FEHLING’S REAGENT MILON’S REAGENT

ACETIC ACID ACETONGLYCEROL BENZENETOLUENE CHLOROFORM TETRA HYDROFURANE ETHANOLFORMIC ACID ETHER NITROBENZENE PYRIDINEETHYL ACETATE CYCLO HEXANE

COMMON SOLVENTS

COMMON LABORATORY REAGENTS

IODIN REAGENT FEHLING SOLUTION MOLISH REAGENT PICRIC ACID SOLUTION FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION TOLLENS REAGENT SCHIFFS REAGENTS PHENOPHTHALEN SOLUTION STARCH SOLUTIONMILLONS REAGENTSGRIGNARD REAGENTSFERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION

SYNTHESIS OF DRUGSSYNTHESIS OF SODIUM BENZENE SULPHONATE FROM BENZENE. MECHANISM- SULPHONATION.

SYNTHESIS OF DIBENZAL ACETON FROM BENZALDEHYIDE. mechanism –CLAISEN CONDENSATION.

SYNTHESIS OF β-DIMETHYLAMINO PROPIOPHENONE FROM DIMETHYLAMINE mechanism- MANNICH REACTION .

SYNTHESIS OF PHENYTOIN FROM BENZOIN. mechanism- benzoin condentation.

SYNTHESIS OF COUMARIN FROM RESORCINOL. mechanism – perkin condensation.

To synthesise Sodium Benzenesulphonate from Benzene

MECHANISM: SULPHONATION WHAT IS SULPHONATION-Electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and sulphuric acid (or sulphur trioxide).

REACTION:

  + H2SO4 + NaHCO3 + H2O

Benzene Benzenesulphonic acid

MECHANISM: SULPHONATION

Substrate: Benzene

Attacking Species: Sulphuric acid

Claisen CondensationSYNTHESIS OF DIBENZAL ACETON FROM BENZALDEHYIDE

SYNTHESIS OF Amino – azobenzene FROM ANILINE. MECHANISM-DIAZOTIZATION.

SYNTHESIS OF ACETOPHENONE FROM BENZENE. MECHANISM- FRIEDLE CRAFTS REACTION.

SYNTHESIS OF SULPHANILAMIDE FROM ACETANILIDE . MECHANISM- CHLOROSULPHONATION OF ACETANILIDE

To synthesis n-butyl acetate from n-butyl alcohol MECHANISM- FISHER ESTERIFICATION

SYNTHESIS OF benzilic acid benzaldehyde . mechanism-benzoin condensation

Mechanism-Addition of a proton (e.g.: p-TsOH, H2SO4) or a Lewis acid leads to a more reactive electrophile. Nucleophilic attack of the alcohol gives a tetrahedral intermediate in which there are two equivalent hydroxyl groups. One of these hydroxyl groups is eliminated after a proton shift (tautomerism) to give water and the ester

FISHER EASTRIFICATION

BINARY MIXTURE

BINARY MIXTURE IS A SOLUTION OF TWO LIQUID THAT ARE COMPLETELY MISCIBLE WITH EACH OTHER

SEPRATION OF BINARY MIXTURE- IT IS A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC MIXTURE. SEPRATION METHOD ARE GROUPED INTO THREE CATAGORIES-

MEITHOD BASED ON DIFFERENCE IN PHYSICAL PROPERTY METHOD BASED ON DIFFERENCENIN CHEMICAL PROPERTYDIFFRENCE IN VOLATILITIES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

PHYSICAL PROPERTY – DIFFERENCES IN THEIR BOILING POINTS,VOLATILITIESOR SOLUBILITY OF THE COMPONENTS CAN BE USED IN SEPRATION BY FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION ,SUBLIMATION ,OR EXTRACTION WITH SOLVENTS RESPECTIVELY

CHEMICAL PROPERTY-IN THIS THE SOLUBILITY OF COMPONENTS OF MIXTURE IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS IS TAKEN AS ADVANTAGE FOR SEPRATION OF MIXTURE . Ex. MIXTURE OF BENZENE AND PHENOL SEPRATE WITH NaOH SOLUTION. DIFFERENCES IN VOLATILITIES- IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION STEAM DISTILLTION CAN BE EMPLOYED FOR SEPRATION OF WATER INSOLUBLE COMPOUND.

 

THERE ARE THREE TYPE OF MIXTURE-

MIXTURE OF ORGANIC LIQUID- Eg- EATHER + HYDROCARBON

MIXTURE OF ORGANIC SOLID- Eg- ANTHRACIN + P-BROMO BENZOIC ACID

MIXTURE OF ORGANIC SOLID & LIQUID- Eg- O-CRESOL + BENZIOC ACID

SEPRATION OF SOLID-SOLID MIXTURE- IT INCLUDE FOLLOWING STEPS-

PRELIMINARY TESTING-IT IS INCLUDE-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES-TEST FOR ELEMENTS-IGNITION TEST-SOLUBILTY TEST- FUNCTIONAL GROUP TEST -

SEPRATION OF MIXTURE CONTAINING WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENT-

THEY CAN SEPRATE BY FILTERATION. AND CHEMICAL TAST IS APPLY ON RESIDUE.

SEPRATION OF MIXTURE CONTAINING WATER INSOLUBLE ORGANIC MIXTURE-ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF MIXTURE THREE GROUPS ARE MADE FOR SEPRATION -

ACID-BASE PHENOL -BASE BASE -NEUTRAL ACID-PHENOL PHENOL-NEUTRAL AMPHOTRIC -NEUTRALACID-NEUTRALACID-AMPHOTERIC

SEPRATION OF SOLID-LIQUID- IT IS DONE BY DISTTILLATION EX. BENZENE + P-TOLUDINE

SEPRATION OF LIQUID MIXTURE- 1. MIXTURE CAN BE SEPRATED BY SEPRATING FUNNEL 2.IF LIQUID MISCIBLE WITH EACH OTHER USE FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OR BY CHEMICAL METHOD. EX. TOLUENE AND O-TOLUIDINE.

SOLUBILITY OF GROUPS IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS-

SOLUBLE IN WATER AND EATHER- LOWER AMINES, AROMATIC ACIDS

SOLUBLE IN WATER INSOLUBLE IN EATHER – SUGAR , AMINO ACID.

SOLUBLE IN 5% HCL – AMINS,HYDRAZINS

REFERENCESVOGEL I. ARTHUR, PRACTICAL ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY, THIRD EDITION, PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY LOWE AND BRYDONE (PRINTERS) LTD THETFORD, NORFOLK

SYKES PETER, A GUIDEBOOK OT MECHANISM OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, SIXTH EDITION,PUBLISED BY LONGMAN SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL,NEW YORK,

MORRISION ROBERT THORNTON & NEILSON BOYD “ORGANIC CHEMISTRY” SIXTH EDITION

(2007) IMPRINT BY PEARSON EDUCATION ,NEW

-YORK.

THANKS