Common laboratory preparation and binary mixture (2)
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Transcript of Common laboratory preparation and binary mixture (2)
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LIBRARY ASSIGNMENT ON COMMON LABORATORY PREPARATION AND SEPRATION OF BINARY MIXTURES
Mentor :- Mr. Mukesh Bugalia
Prepared by:- Abhishek Nama
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CONTENTS
COMMON SOLVENT COMMON LABORATORY REAGENTS SYNTHESIS OF DRUGS SEPRATION OF BINARY MIXTURE
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INTRODUCTION SOLVENT- A SOLVNET IS A LIQUID ,SOLID ,GAS THAT DISSOLVE ANOTHER SOLID,LIQUID OR GASEOUS SOLUTE RESULTING IN A SOLUTION THAT IS SOLUBLE IN CERTAIN VOLUME OF SOLVENT AT A SPECIFIED TEMPRATURE.
Ex. Water –It is a universal solvent
REAGENTS- A REAGENT IS A COMPOUND THAT IS ADDED TO A SYSTEM IN ORDER TO BRING ABOUT A CHEMICAL REACTION .
ORGANIC REAGETS-Ex. GRIGNARD REAGENTS COLLINS REAGENTS
ANALYTICAL REAGENTS- Ex. FEHLING’S REAGENT MILON’S REAGENT
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ACETIC ACID ACETONGLYCEROL BENZENETOLUENE CHLOROFORM TETRA HYDROFURANE ETHANOLFORMIC ACID ETHER NITROBENZENE PYRIDINEETHYL ACETATE CYCLO HEXANE
COMMON SOLVENTS
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COMMON LABORATORY REAGENTS
IODIN REAGENT FEHLING SOLUTION MOLISH REAGENT PICRIC ACID SOLUTION FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION TOLLENS REAGENT SCHIFFS REAGENTS PHENOPHTHALEN SOLUTION STARCH SOLUTIONMILLONS REAGENTSGRIGNARD REAGENTSFERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION
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SYNTHESIS OF DRUGSSYNTHESIS OF SODIUM BENZENE SULPHONATE FROM BENZENE. MECHANISM- SULPHONATION.
SYNTHESIS OF DIBENZAL ACETON FROM BENZALDEHYIDE. mechanism –CLAISEN CONDENSATION.
SYNTHESIS OF β-DIMETHYLAMINO PROPIOPHENONE FROM DIMETHYLAMINE mechanism- MANNICH REACTION .
SYNTHESIS OF PHENYTOIN FROM BENZOIN. mechanism- benzoin condentation.
SYNTHESIS OF COUMARIN FROM RESORCINOL. mechanism – perkin condensation.
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To synthesise Sodium Benzenesulphonate from Benzene
MECHANISM: SULPHONATION WHAT IS SULPHONATION-Electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and sulphuric acid (or sulphur trioxide).
REACTION:
+ H2SO4 + NaHCO3 + H2O
Benzene Benzenesulphonic acid
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MECHANISM: SULPHONATION
Substrate: Benzene
Attacking Species: Sulphuric acid
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Claisen CondensationSYNTHESIS OF DIBENZAL ACETON FROM BENZALDEHYIDE
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SYNTHESIS OF Amino – azobenzene FROM ANILINE. MECHANISM-DIAZOTIZATION.
SYNTHESIS OF ACETOPHENONE FROM BENZENE. MECHANISM- FRIEDLE CRAFTS REACTION.
SYNTHESIS OF SULPHANILAMIDE FROM ACETANILIDE . MECHANISM- CHLOROSULPHONATION OF ACETANILIDE
To synthesis n-butyl acetate from n-butyl alcohol MECHANISM- FISHER ESTERIFICATION
SYNTHESIS OF benzilic acid benzaldehyde . mechanism-benzoin condensation
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Mechanism-Addition of a proton (e.g.: p-TsOH, H2SO4) or a Lewis acid leads to a more reactive electrophile. Nucleophilic attack of the alcohol gives a tetrahedral intermediate in which there are two equivalent hydroxyl groups. One of these hydroxyl groups is eliminated after a proton shift (tautomerism) to give water and the ester
FISHER EASTRIFICATION
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BINARY MIXTURE
BINARY MIXTURE IS A SOLUTION OF TWO LIQUID THAT ARE COMPLETELY MISCIBLE WITH EACH OTHER
SEPRATION OF BINARY MIXTURE- IT IS A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC MIXTURE. SEPRATION METHOD ARE GROUPED INTO THREE CATAGORIES-
MEITHOD BASED ON DIFFERENCE IN PHYSICAL PROPERTY METHOD BASED ON DIFFERENCENIN CHEMICAL PROPERTYDIFFRENCE IN VOLATILITIES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
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PHYSICAL PROPERTY – DIFFERENCES IN THEIR BOILING POINTS,VOLATILITIESOR SOLUBILITY OF THE COMPONENTS CAN BE USED IN SEPRATION BY FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION ,SUBLIMATION ,OR EXTRACTION WITH SOLVENTS RESPECTIVELY
CHEMICAL PROPERTY-IN THIS THE SOLUBILITY OF COMPONENTS OF MIXTURE IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS IS TAKEN AS ADVANTAGE FOR SEPRATION OF MIXTURE . Ex. MIXTURE OF BENZENE AND PHENOL SEPRATE WITH NaOH SOLUTION. DIFFERENCES IN VOLATILITIES- IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION STEAM DISTILLTION CAN BE EMPLOYED FOR SEPRATION OF WATER INSOLUBLE COMPOUND.
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THERE ARE THREE TYPE OF MIXTURE-
MIXTURE OF ORGANIC LIQUID- Eg- EATHER + HYDROCARBON
MIXTURE OF ORGANIC SOLID- Eg- ANTHRACIN + P-BROMO BENZOIC ACID
MIXTURE OF ORGANIC SOLID & LIQUID- Eg- O-CRESOL + BENZIOC ACID
SEPRATION OF SOLID-SOLID MIXTURE- IT INCLUDE FOLLOWING STEPS-
PRELIMINARY TESTING-IT IS INCLUDE-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES-TEST FOR ELEMENTS-IGNITION TEST-SOLUBILTY TEST- FUNCTIONAL GROUP TEST -
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SEPRATION OF MIXTURE CONTAINING WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENT-
THEY CAN SEPRATE BY FILTERATION. AND CHEMICAL TAST IS APPLY ON RESIDUE.
SEPRATION OF MIXTURE CONTAINING WATER INSOLUBLE ORGANIC MIXTURE-ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF MIXTURE THREE GROUPS ARE MADE FOR SEPRATION -
ACID-BASE PHENOL -BASE BASE -NEUTRAL ACID-PHENOL PHENOL-NEUTRAL AMPHOTRIC -NEUTRALACID-NEUTRALACID-AMPHOTERIC
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SEPRATION OF SOLID-LIQUID- IT IS DONE BY DISTTILLATION EX. BENZENE + P-TOLUDINE
SEPRATION OF LIQUID MIXTURE- 1. MIXTURE CAN BE SEPRATED BY SEPRATING FUNNEL 2.IF LIQUID MISCIBLE WITH EACH OTHER USE FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OR BY CHEMICAL METHOD. EX. TOLUENE AND O-TOLUIDINE.
SOLUBILITY OF GROUPS IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS-
SOLUBLE IN WATER AND EATHER- LOWER AMINES, AROMATIC ACIDS
SOLUBLE IN WATER INSOLUBLE IN EATHER – SUGAR , AMINO ACID.
SOLUBLE IN 5% HCL – AMINS,HYDRAZINS
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REFERENCESVOGEL I. ARTHUR, PRACTICAL ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY, THIRD EDITION, PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY LOWE AND BRYDONE (PRINTERS) LTD THETFORD, NORFOLK
SYKES PETER, A GUIDEBOOK OT MECHANISM OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, SIXTH EDITION,PUBLISED BY LONGMAN SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL,NEW YORK,
MORRISION ROBERT THORNTON & NEILSON BOYD “ORGANIC CHEMISTRY” SIXTH EDITION
(2007) IMPRINT BY PEARSON EDUCATION ,NEW
-YORK.
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THANKS