Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant Consortium

Gateway To SpaceASEN / ASTR 2500

Class #2

Gateway To SpaceASEN / ASTR 2500

Class #2

- Who is here for the first time?

- Who has class at 11:00 today?

- 1 Minute Report, use same number and put full name on them

- Attendance Sheet

- Next time BalloonSat Overview and HW 01 Due (Remember to follow naming guidelines on syllabus)

- Pictures

Today:Today:

SyllabusSyllabus

Syllabus:Syllabus:

Syllabus:Syllabus:

How to get How to get an Aan A

How to get an AHow to get an A::

“Everyone starts out with an A”

You have to try really hard to get anything lower than C-

Not in the business of giving bad grades…

…But you get the grade you earn

Please, Please, Don’t Cheat

How to get an AHow to get an A::

ASEN/ASTR 2500 Grades S06,F06,F07, & F08

0

5

10

15

20

25

40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100

103

106

109

112

Raw Score

Fre

qu

ency

How to get an AHow to get an A::

Grades are based on a normal 100 point scale

There is no curve

Team project and participation are based on your team evaluation and instructor evaluation

Feedback will be slow

Grader – Jennifer McGraw

Helper - Kendra Kilbride

How to get an AHow to get an A::

Grade Breakdown- 30% Coursework

- Attendance (33)- 1 Minute Reports (~30)

- Homework (1-4,6) - Community service (1)

- 5% Homework 5- 10% Final Exam- 8% Team Proposal- 8% Team Presentations (3)- 10% Team Design Document (2 Revs)- 12% Team Project and Participation- 17% Final Team Report & Presentation

45% You 55% Team

- Everyone must do a community service activity- Everyone must do a community service activity

- Must be something you are not doing for any other - Must be something you are not doing for any other classclass

- Preferred if it is related to this class, your college - Preferred if it is related to this class, your college major, or your interest in spacemajor, or your interest in space

- Community service must be completed before last - Community service must be completed before last day of classday of class

- Form is on the class website and must be signed- Form is on the class website and must be signed

Community ServiceCommunity Service::

- Attendance will be taken (Signing for friends)- Attendance will be taken (Signing for friends)

- Coming in late… Coming in late…

- Communications via email and this class- Communications via email and this class

- Travel and sick- Travel and sick

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous::

- Mutual Respect “Shut up and be quiet”Mutual Respect “Shut up and be quiet”

- Clap and questionsClap and questions

- Office hours 10:45-11:45 T & Th or by appointmentOffice hours 10:45-11:45 T & Th or by appointment

- Where to Find Me…

- Notes – Take themNotes – Take them

- Book(s) for courseBook(s) for course

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous::

Book(s) for courseBook(s) for course

- Typical engineering book cost- Typical engineering book cost $100, $90, $80, $70 $100, $90, $80, $70

This Book…This Book…- $13.95 - $13.95 - Rocket Boys - Rocket Boys

Homer HickamHomer Hickam

Also…Set aside $25 for batteriesAlso…Set aside $25 for batteries

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous::

Book(s) for courseBook(s) for course

This Book…This Book…- $11.66 - $11.66 - Moondust – In search of the - Moondust – In search of the

men who fell to Earth men who fell to Earth Andrew SmithAndrew Smith

Also…Set aside $25 for batteriesAlso…Set aside $25 for batteries

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous::

1 Minute 1 Minute ReportReport

1 Minute Report1 Minute Report::

HomeworkHomework

HomeworkHomework::

Submit via email

- Subject should be in this format“HW XX Lastname Firstinitial”

- Send all items to Prof.Koehler@gmail.com

- Get from Website

First Homework is…

WebsiteWebsite::

spacegrant.colorado.edu/space

Final WordFinal WordYou’ll Never…

Space GrantOpen House

August 27, 2009

5:30 PMDLC 1B70

Questions?Questions?

- How do you actually pronounce your name?- How do we determine our teams?- How big are teams?- How much work will we do outside the class per week?- What are we doing with the books?- Can I volunteer at Space Grant?- Can you be a faculty mentor?- Do you have to have previous experience?- Are there any tests or quizzes?- Do we find our own community service project?- What does RFP mean?- Which Star Wars movie should a I watch?

1 Minute Reports:1 Minute Reports:

- How do you actually pronounce your name?- How do we determine our teams?- How big are teams?- How much work will we do outside the class per week?- What are we doing with the books?- Can I volunteer at Space Grant?- Can you be a faculty mentor?- Do you have to have previous experience?- Are there any tests or quizzes?- Do we find our own community service project?- What does RFP mean?- Which Star Wars movie should a I watch?

1 Minute Reports:1 Minute Reports:

Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant Consortium

Spacecraft Overview

Class #2

Spacecraft Overview

Class #2

Questions?Questions?

- Say you wanted to put this into orbit…

Introduction:Introduction:

- What are the questions you need to answer to do this?

- What type of orbit would it need to be in?

- How much would it cost?

- How much would it weigh?

- How long would it take to get it to orbit?

- What would you have to worry about?

- How long would it work?

- How do you know it will work when it gets there? - What would you need?

Questions:Questions:

- Launch Vehicle

- Temperature Control System

- Communication System

- Command and Data System

- Structure and Mechanisms

- Power System

- Attitude System

- Software

- Propulsion System

- Cash

What Do You Need?What Do You Need?

- Schedule

- Budget

- Plan

- Testing

- Reliability

- Operators

- People, People, People

- Organization

Organization?Organization?

PowerComm

Project Management

Structures Thermal ADCS C&DH

MOPSGround Ops

Education Web Science Software

Systems Engineering

- Teamwork

- Radiation

- Temperature Extremes

- Vacuum of Space

- Atmospheric Drag

- Cleanliness

- Launch Loads

- Shock

- Power

- Mission Life

What To Worry About?What To Worry About?

- Autonomy

- Cash

- Pointing

- Schedule

- Weight

- The answers to these questions make up most spacecraft systems

- Today we’ll look at most of them

Answers:Answers:

Organization?Organization?

PowerComm

Project Management

Structures Thermal ADCS C&DH

MOPSGround Ops

Education Web Science Software

Systems Engineering

- Teamwork

1. Mission

2. Orbit Selection

3. Launch Vehicle

4. Everything else - Structures, Interfaces, and Mechanisms-

The Process:The Process:

- Do you want to take picture of Boulder every day?- At the same time?- As many times as possible per day?

- Pick orbit right up front

Different Types of Orbits- Polar Orbits- LEO- GEO- Different altitudes and inclinations- Sun Synchronous Orbits

- STK (Satellite Tool Kit)

Orbit Selection:Orbit Selection:

- Then pick launch vehicle based on your orbit needs

- Weight needs

- Cost needs

- Certain launch vehicles can’t go to all orbits

Launch Vehicle:Launch Vehicle:

- Your launch vehicle helps direct your structure design

- Volume, CG, and weight constraints

- Launch loads and shock issues associated with LV

- Interface constraints

- Vibration constraints

Structure:Structure:

Structure:Structure:

Structure:Structure:

Structure:Structure:

Structure:Structure:

Structure:Structure:

Structure:Structure:

- The whole purpose of the structure is to support the payload

- Then the other systems

- Composites- Honeycomb

- Aluminum- Plate- Isogrid

- Titanium

- Stainless Steel

Structure:Structure:

- In addition to structure you have mechanisms

- People are afraid of mechanisms

- Two types, deployment and payload support

- They usually are single point failures

- Hard to test on ground as they are used in space- Mast example (Special Programs, Balloon)- KC-135 Boom Video

Mechanisms:Mechanisms:

Mechanisms:Mechanisms:

- Deployment failures usually are mission ending

- Spacecraft design try to minimize mechanisms

- Deployment mechanisms are the biggest concern

- Pointing mechanisms are less of an issue

Mechanisms:Mechanisms:

- Think of it as an internet connection- Data rates are similar- Can only connect for 10 minutes (pass time)

- This can vary based on orbit

- Transmitter (TX)- Receiver (RX)- Antennas (TX, RX, and Ground)- Sometimes modems and TNC- TX are big power hogs but usually not on all the time

- Cell phone technology- IP technology

Communication:Communication:

- Attitude Determination and Control System

- Driving a car on a mountain pass at night without headlights and no tires

- Some determination can be done on ground

- Determination System- Star Trackers, Magnetometer, Sun Sensors - Booms

ADCS:ADCS:

+Zst

+Yst +Xst

- Controls Systems- Torque Rods, Momentum Wheel, Thrusters, gyros

- A lot of software and control laws

ADCS:ADCS:

ADCS:ADCS:

- There is high likelihood of power being the reason a satellite fails

- Miniature power plant

- Most spacecraft use less power than a 300 W light bulb

- Very complicated system

- Batteries

Power:Power:

- Solar cells

- Charging circuits

- Distribution system

- Control system

- Conversion system

Power:Power:

- Is limiting factor on long missions

- Station keeping

- Attitude Control

- Delta V burns (orbit maneuvers)

- Atmospheric Drag

- Different types- Mono-propellant- Bi-propellant- Cold Gas- Ion

Propulsion:Propulsion:

- Can make or break a system literally

- Three types of thermal control: Active, Passive, Do Nothing

- Active- Heaters, heat pipes, thermostats, cryogenics

- Passive- Radiators, insulation, surface finishes, conductive materials

- Do Nothing

- Usually a combination of first two

Thermal:Thermal:

Thermal:Thermal:

Thermal:Thermal:

- Command and Data Handling

- The brain of a satellite

- Is pretty dumb without software

- Basically a home computer but much smaller and less of a power hog

- Very difficult system, many unknowns and bugs

C&DH:C&DH:

- Consists of:- Motherboard or CPU- Firmware- Storage device or medium- Sub-nets or sub processors- Many sensors- Many interface boards

C&DH:C&DH:

- Programmers are worth weight in gold

- Days of Voyager spacecraft are over

- Today, satellites are very complex and so is the software

- Software is usually last thing done

- Last minute fixes are very dangerous

Software:Software:

- “Houston, we have a problem”

- MOPS is the command center of the satellite

- All human interaction occurs through this team

- Much coordination is required to properly operate satellite

- Failure modes determined FMEA

- Data storage and analysis

- All communication is done through MOPS

- Usually staffed 24/7

Mission Operations:Mission Operations:

- Management

- Systems Engineering

- Budgets

- Contracts

- Planners

- Manufacturers & Technicians

- Test Engineers

Other:Other:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Anatomy of a Satellite:Anatomy of a Satellite:

Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant Consortium

Questions?Questions?

Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant Consortium

Picture TimePicture Time