Post on 27-Jul-2020
CloningCloning
Definition of Cloning
The process of making a clone, a genetically identical copy . Cloning refers to
the procedure of isolating a defined DNA sequence and obtaining multiple copies of it
in vivo
Methods of Plant Cloning
Asexual reproduction to plants to produce duplicates from one plant specimen
CuttingTissue CultureGraftingLayeringRamet
Procedures of Animal Cloning• Nuclear Transfer (Adult DNA cloning) :• DNA from an egg is removed and
replaced with the DNA from a cell removed from an adult animal.
• Artificial Twinning (Embryo cloning) :• One or more cells are removed from a
fertilized embryo and encouraged to develop into one or more duplicate embryos.
Nuclear Transfer Cloning - Steps
Unfertilized Eggs Collected from a donor, and nuclei removedFrom 2nd Animal removed a sample cell. Nuclei from sample cell is transplanted into the egg cell.Resulting cell is cultured and a few began to divide.These early embryos implanted into a surrogate mother.
Nuclear Transfer
Nuclear Transfer: Dolly The Sheep
Application of Cloning Technology
• Produce many crop at short times• Relive the extinctive animals• Produce high quality domestic animals• Organ transplant• Develop drugs• Help the sterile couples• Replace the chemical reaction
Important incident of Animal Cloning
1952 : Frog ( Artificial Twinning)1997 : Sheep (Nuclear Transfer)- Dolly1998 : Cow (Nuclear Transfer)-Elsie2002 : Cat (Nuclear Transfer)-Copy Cat2004 : Human embryo (Nuclear Transfer)2005 : Dog (Nuclear Transfer)-Heidi Ledford
Photo of Cloning animals
Annie Copy Cat
Dolly Heidi Ledford
Photo of Cloning animals
Idaho GemMegan and Morag
TetraXenaPromotea
Cloning of endangered animal
Noah the Gaur, an endangered species in 2000Organization: Advanced Cell Technology, USA
Photo from Advanced Cell Technology (www.advancedcell.com)
Cloning of endangered animal
Cloning of woolly MammothExtinct 10,000 years ago
From Mingpao 8/8/2003
Cloning of transgenic animal
Cloning of a cow containing mad cow disease resistant geneIn Shangdong, China
From Mingpao 28/4/2006
Concerns in animal cloning
Technology complicated Survival rate of cloned embryos lowOverweighing of calves at birth Breeders may want to keep their animal uniqueBreeders may want to create better offspring
Health of clonesFrom Ming Pao 27-Mar-2001
• Poor development of heart, lung and immune system
• Might have genetic disorder
Photo from MingpaoPhoto from Mingpao
Dolly gave birth to a female lamb in
1998, but Dolly later died of premature
aging in 2003.
Company for cloning pets
Genetic Savings & Clone – established in 2000, produced the cloned cat, CC in 2001Delivered the first commercially cloned cat, Little Nicky in 2004 for US$50,000Company closed in 2006A new company BioArts International was established for cloning dogs