Post on 23-Jun-2018
Characterization, conservation and domestication of indigenous edible and medicinal mushrooms on agricultural residues Report Call For Report Call for final report Africa-Brazil Projects funded in the 2011/12
Report Status Submitted
Title Characterization, conservation and domestication of indigenous edible and medicinal mushrooms on agricultural residues
ID 2897
Thematic Area Productivity Enhancing Technologies
Reporting period 07 Nov 2012 - 07 May 2015
Co-leader Institutions Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology & CSIR-Food Research Institute
Project Co-leaders Mrs. Arailde Urben & Mrs. Mary Obodai
Type of African Co-leader Institution Research
Summary Many forests in the tropics and sub-tropics are endowed with abundant genetic resources of edible and medicinal mushrooms. Some of these mushrooms have
been characterized by phenotypic, genotypic and phytochemical means. This is however lacking for a greater extent in Ghana and other countries. For
centuries now, mushrooms have not only been used as foods and therapeutics in folk medicine but in the present-day has found clinical uses. There is a
growing interest in mushrooms on their dietetic, pharmacological, production of secondary metabolites and their bioactive properties. With the current rate of
desertification, overgrazing and bushfires in Ghana the rationale for the project is to characterize the mushroom germplasm in four forests in Ghana with the
view of conserving this rich genetic material some of which contents will serve as a good nutritional diet and as raw material for the nutraceutical and functional
food industries. Also it will create job opportunities for the youth and the unemployed in the communities surrounding these forests by cultivating the cultivable
mushrooms on agricultural residues.
Country(ies) of Implementation Ghana & Brazil
Project Results 1. Indigenous knowledge from four regions were documented namely Eastern in 3 villages, Volta in 3 villages, Brong Ahafo in 8 villages and the Western in 9
villages. A total of approximately 1500 questionnaires were administered in these regions. Some questions asked were: types of mushrooms eaten, perception of
mushrooms in the region and uses among others. 2. Four forest were visited within the period. A report of which has already being submitted. Sixty macrofungi
were collected from the four forests visited out of which 51 were identified. New species of mushrooms were recorded for the first time in Ghana, namely
Pleurotus sajor caju, P. albidus, Tremella mesenterica, Oudemansiella canarii , Pycnosporus sanguineensis and Favolus brasiliensis. These mushrooms have
were photographed in situ, dried and are currently been stored in a refurbished Research Lab. 3.Diversity of mushrooms available for the market: Pleurotus sajor-
caju strain PSCW-1, Lentinus squarrosullus strain sqw-10 and Pleurotus tuber-regium are now cultures in the National Mycelium Bank which is kept in CSIR-
Food Research Institute. Experiments carried out on Pleurotus sajor-caju strain PSCW-1 showed that the yields are comparable to that of P. ostreatus strain EM1
which is currently on the market. Shelf-life studies will be conducted and then this variety will be released on the local market. Also results of morphological
characteristics of mycelia growth of Lentinus squarrosullus strain sqw-10 has been published. 4.The selected mushrooms from this project when analyzed
showed high levels of antioxidants and rich nutritional value, these results have been published in a high impact factor journal 5 Grass cutting machine has been
fabricated and is been used in trainings in the Institute. 6. Juncao technology (use of grass) is now available for extensive technology transfer to the villages. Two
user friendly hand-outs on this technology have been developed to be used for training 7. A total of 97 persons have been trained in the Juncao technology at the
CSIR-Food Research Institute as part of the training in mushroom cultivation carried out. This included a trainer of trainers workshop in which 16 participants
were trained from 13th-15th May, 2013. 8. Participation in a workshop - VII International Symposium on Mushrooms in Brazil and VI National Symposium on
Edible Mushrooms, organized by The National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, Brazil from 12th to 15th October, 2013. A poster was presented titled
'First record of Favolus brasiliensis, Aphyllophorales, in Ghana (Africa)'
Scalability and replicability CSIR-Food Research Institute has a Mushroom Unit where there is production of mushroom spawns (mushroom seed) for production of fresh mushrooms.
The spawns of the new strains of mushrooms obtained from this project ie. Pleurotus sajor-caju strain pscw-1, Lentinus
squarrosullus strain sqw-10 and Pleurotus tuber-regium is now available for multiplication and sale to existing mushroom
farmers for propagation after shelf-life studies have been conducted. There will therefore be a diversification of edible
mushrooms on the Ghanaian market with subsequent potential for export. Replication of this technology (juncao and sawdust
plastic bag methods) to other parts of the country will be carried out to five neighbouring communities when funds are obtained
for technology transfer.
Impacts of project results 1. The use of the Juncao technology, adapted by Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and modified to suit
growing conditions in Ghana, inaddition to the sawdust plastic bag method will be used as important techniques for the
cultivation of mushrooms in Ghana and beyond. 2. The cultivation of three species (Pleurotus sajor-caju strain pscw-1,
Lentinus squarrosullus strain sqw-10 and Pleurotus tuber-regium) obtained on this project will be taught during training
programmes and then will be cultivated by the youth and the unemployed and this will eventually give them a means of
income. 3. The mushroom cultivation using agricultural residues is an important strategy for the biotransformation, where
organic waste can be transformed into nutriceuticals and food. As a future perspective, the marketing of these mushrooms
and their benefits to human health could be used by the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their rich nutritional and
medicinal properties.
Sustainability of project CSIR-Food Research Institute has a Mushroom Unit where there is production of mushroom spawns. Therefore the
cultivable mushrooms that have been identified on this project will be reproduced and sold to existing mushroom farmers
for propagation. There will therefore be a diversification of edible mushrooms on the Ghanaian market with subsequent
potential for export. Also there will be replication of the Juncao and sawdust plastic bag methods to other parts of the
country when funds are obtained for technology transfer.
Issues in project implementation The key issues faced during the implementation of the project were: 1) The an anticipated time used in the fabrication of the
grass cutting machine. 2) Contamination encountered using the Juncao technology for cultivation of the mushrooms (oyster-
Pleurotus sajor -caju strain PscW and strain EM-1, wood ear - Auricularia spp. and monkey seat mushrooms- Ganoderma
sp.). This was resolved after a lot of trials on the sterilization time and the point of inoculation of the mushroom spawns.
Lessons Learned The key lessons learnt during the implementation of this project are: 1. Under estimation of the challenges in introducing a
new technology not tested out before (Juncao technology) 2. Time management a problem in the case of fabrication and
installation of the grass cutting machine 3. Utilization of grass which is less expensive or at no cost, and also readily
available 4. Faster mycelia growth rate of grass as compared to sawdust
Suggestions for improvement 1. Consideration of new inoculation method using solely the borer, instead of pouring into a bowl, which increases rate of
contamination 2. Should consider raising the percentage of the lime to reduce contamination 3. Should consider inoculating
from the top, other than the sides
Publications 1. Mary Obodai , Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira, Ângela Fernandes, Lillian Barros, Deborah L. Narh Mensah Matilda Dzomeku, Arailde
F. Urben, Juanita Prempeh & Richard K. Takli (2014). Evaluation of the Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Wild and
Cultivated Mushrooms of Ghana. Molecules 19 (12) 19532-19548 2. Narh Mensah DL & Obodai, M. (2014). Morphological characteristics of mycelia growth of two strains of the indigenous
medicinal mushroom, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont.(Singer), on solid media. African Journal of Agricultural Research.
9(23):1753-1760. 3. Figueirêdo, V.R., Urben, A.F., Souza, E., Obodai, M., Dzomeku, M., Takli, R. (2013). First record of
Favolus brasiliensis, Aphyllophorales, in Ghana (Africa). VII International Symposium on Mushrooms in Brazil and VI National
Symposium on Edible Mushrooms, organized by The National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, Brazil from 12th to 15th
October, 2013 (Poster presentation) 4. Domestication of an indigenous Ghanaian edible mushroom-Pleurotus sajor-caju:
variations in the proximate, and mineral contents of the wild and cultivated species (CSIR-FRI Technical report) 5.A
comparative study on the indigenous knowledge of macrofungi in the Eastern and Volta regions of Ghana (in progress) 6
Mushroom diversity and their uses in Ghana: Case study in the Volta and Eastern regions (in progress) 7. Studies on ten
mineral contents and proximate composition of some wild and cultivated Ghanaian mushrooms (in progress) 8. A comparative
study on the indigenous knowledge of macrofungi in the Brong Ahafo and Western regions of Ghana (in progress)
Quantitative Project Results Quantitative - Project Results
Number of Key Project Outputs
Knowledge Generated Technologies Products Services
7 1 3 y
Training and Technical Visits
Name Country/city Number of Days Gender
Trainer of trainers workshop Ghana/Accra 3 9 males, 7
females
VII International Symposium on Mushrooms in Brazil and VI National Symposium on Edible Mushrooms, organized by The National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, Brazil from 12
th to 15
th October, 2013.
Brazil/Manaus 4 1 male, 1 female
z z z z
w w w w
Events Organized Event Name Country/City Event Type (workshop, forum, symposium, etc.)
Year
Intensive Training Course in Mushroom Cultivation
Ghana/Accra workshop 2013
Intensive Training Course in Mushroom Cultivation
Ghana/Accra workshop 2013
Intensive Training Course in Mushroom Cultivation
Ghana/Accra workshop 2014
Intensive Training Course in Mushroom Cultivation
Ghana/Accra workshop 2015
Germplasm Exchange Species Number of Accessions
Recipient Country
x x x
y y y
z z z
w w w
Number of Participating Professionals
(in the project team as a whole)
Female Male
7 8
Attachments (photos and other documents)
FOOD RESEARCH INSTITUTE
REPORT ON TRAINER of TRAINERS WORKSHOP HELD AT
APESIWA CONFERENCE ROOM, CSIR-FRI, GHANA
by
Mary Obodai, Deborah Narh, Matilda Dzomeku, Richard Takli and Juanita Prempeh
13
th-15
th MAY, 2013
INTRODUCTION
In January, 2012 a project was initiated with the research title “Characterization, conservation
and Domestication of indigenous Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms on agricultural residues”
(CDEMM). This project is under the sponsorship of Africa–Brazil Agricultural Innovation
Marketplace, with FUNARBE as financiers. The CDEMM project is a collaborative project
between the Mushroom Unit of the CSIR-FRI and EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and
Biotechnology, in Brazil.
As part of this project a three-day intensive trainer-of-trainers workshop on mushroom
cultivation using the Juncao Technique was held from Monday 13th
to Wednesday, 15th
May
2013 at both the Apesiwa Conference Room in CSIR-FRI and the Mushroom Research
Facilities at the CSIR-FRI Mushroom Unit. The workshop participants included all members
of the CSIR-FRI Mushroom Unit, a member of the CSIR-FRI Nutrition and Socioeconomics
Division, three Post Graduate students and a Brazilian who had just completed his PhD thesis
(Table 1). The workshop included both lectures and hands-on practical sessions.
WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
The overall objective of the workshop was to train members of the Mushroom Unit on
mushroom cultivation using the Juncao technique in order to equip them as trainers of
mushroom farmers in Ghana as part of the CDEMM project. The specific objectives of the
workshop are listed below:
To inform participants about the diversity of mushrooms available world wide
To give indebt information about tissue culture and spawn preparation
To teach participants the steps in mushroom cultivation using the Juncao technique
To demonstrate appropriate methods and techniques involved in the production of
high quality fresh mushrooms.
WORKSHOP CONTENT
The content of the workshop is detailed in the programme attached.
Ten lectures on Introduction to mushrooms, formulation and preparation of culture medium,
mushroom cultivation by Juncao technique, cultivation of Pleurotus spp., etc. were delivered
by Drs Arailde Urben Fontes and Edison de Souza during the period. These lectures were
interspersed with practical aspects which gave the participants a practical feel of the
information given during the lectures.
DETAILS OF DAILY ACTIVITIES
Details of the activities held daily are summarized in the ensuing paragraphs. A prayer was
said to begin each day’s activities by a participant upon request. Each participant was asked
each day to inform the class about a lesson learnt from the previous day’s lectures and/or
practicals.
Brazillian partners being introduced to participants by Unit Head
DAY 1: After the arrival of guests and participants and the distribution of the course materials, there
was a brief welcome address by the Head of Unit. An opening prayer was said after which
each participant introduced him/herself to the group and Dr. Obodai introduced the three
Brazilian partners in the name of Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben, Dr. Edison de Souza and Dr
Vinicius de Figueirêdo to the house to familiarize participants and the resource persons. A
group picture was taken at the end of the opening ceremony. The first lecture delivered by Dr.
Urben on the General notions of mushrooms preceded a 15 min coffee break. This was
followed by a second lecture given by Dr. de Souza on the Formulation and preparation of
culture medium. Both resource persons jointly gave practical sessions involving the
formulation, preparation and inoculation of culture medium and spawns following a 1hr
lunch break. The day ended with tissue culture preparation in the newly created Research Lab
of the Mushroom Unit.
Group picture at the end of the opening
ceremony
Dr Fontes Urben during her
presentation
Participants and Resource person
during practical session
Resource person during tissue culture
preparation
Dr de Souza during his presentation
DAY 2
The day started with the practical training in the morning followed by the lectures in the
afternoon due to some technical hitches with the LCD. This arrangement went well though it
was not the preferred trend. The practical session included substrate formulation using
chopped and dried elephant grass, rice bran and quick lime and bagging using the Juncao
technique in large heat-resistant polypropylene bags. Bag sterilization was done for 3 hrs in
the autoclave in the Mushroom Unit during the lunch break and the classroom lectures.
Lectures given were on the topics, “Mushroom cultivation by Juncao technique” and
“Cultivation of Pleurotus spp”.
Resource person during practical session
Participants during practical session
DAY 3
Lectures given on the last day of the workshop included “Cultivation of Lentinula edodes,
Agaricus blazei and Ganoderma lucidum” and “Functional mushrooms and their importance
in human health”. The lectures were intersperced with a coffee break and a lunch break,
during which participants interacted. Other members of staff were invited to listen to the
lecture on Functional mushrooms and their importance in human health given by Dr. Urben.
Members of staff could not attend due to the timing of the lecture. Dr Obodai gave a short
address at the end of the final lecture followed by a vote of thanks given by Ms. Deborah
Narh. A group photograph was then taken. Participants were promised copies of the
PowerPoint presentations to end the classroom activities. A final activity held was the
inoculation of the sterilized compost bags.
CONCLUSION
A total of 15 participants were trained in the use of different grasses in the cultivation of
various species of mushrooms. The lectures were interesting and the resource persons were
very knowledgeable in their disciplines. All the participants were appreciative of the contents
of the workshop and were determined to practice what they had learnt.
Resource person during the lecture
period
Participants during coffee break
Participants during lectures
Group picture after the training
workshop
TABLE 1: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE TRAINER-OF-TRAINERS WORKSHOP (CDEMM PROJECT) Name Designation/Institution
Dr. (Mrs.) Mary Obodai
Ms. Matilda Dzomeku
Ms. Deborah L. Narh
Mr. Richard K. Takli
Mrs. Lynda Hagan
Ms. Juanita Prempeh
Dr Vinicius de Figueirêdo
Mr. Michael Wiafe-Kwagyn
Mr. Nii Korley Kortei
Ms. Esther Harris Quaicoo
Mr. Godson Agbeley
Mrs. Rose Agorkor
Mr. Ababase Akanzinam
Mr. Moses Mensah
Head of Mushroom Unit/ CSIR-FRI
Research Scientist/ CSIR-FRI
Research Scientist/ CSIR-FRI
Senior Technologist/ CSIR-FRI
Research Scientist/ CSIR-FRI
National Service Person/ CSIR-FRI
Brazil
PhD student/ University of Ghana
PhD student/ Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences
MPhil student/ University of Ghana
Technical Assistant / CSIR-FRI
Technical Assistant / CSIR-FRI
Technical Assistant / CSIR-FRI
Technical Assistant / CSIR-FRI
PROGRAMME
TRAINING COURSE ON EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS
Period: May, 13 to 15, 2013 Technical coordination:
Arailde Fontes Urben Mary Obodai
Ghana - Africa 2013
Day 1 - Monday (05/13/2013)
Morning (lectures)
08:00 – 08:15 Distribution of course material
08:15 – 08:30 Opening the training course
08:30 – 08:45 Presentation of students
08:45 – 09:30 General notions of mushrooms - Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
09:30 – 10:00 Coffee break
10:00 – 11:30 Formulation and preparation of culture medium, "seeds" and cultivation
substrate - Prof. Edison de Souza
11:30 – 13:30 Lunch
Afternoon (practical classes)
13:30 – 15:00 Formulation, preparation and inoculation of culture medium - Prof. Edison
de Souza and Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
15:00 – 15:30 Coffee break
15:30 – 17:30 Formulation, preparation and inoculation of "seeds" - Prof. Edison de Souza
and Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
Day 2 - Tuesday (5/14/2013) Morning (lectures)
08:00 – 09:30 Mushroom cultivation by Juncao technique - Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
09:30 – 10:00 Coffee break
10:00 – 11:30 Cultivation of Pleurotus spp. - Prof. Edison de Souza
11:30 – 13:30 Lunch
Afternoon (practical classes)
13:30 – 15:00 Formulation, preparation and inoculation of culture substrates – (Part I) -
Prof. Edison de Souza and Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
15:00 – 15:30 Coffee break
15:30 – 17:30 Formulation, preparation and inoculation of culture substrates - (Part I) -
Prof. Edison de Souza and Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
Day 3 - Wednesday (15/05/2013) Morning (lectures)
08:00 – 09:15 Cultivation of Lentinula edodes - Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
09:15 – 10:30 Cultivation of Agaricus blazei - Prof. Edison de Souza
10:30 – 10:45 Coffee break
10:45 – 12:00 Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum - Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
12:00 – 13:30 Lunch
Afternoon (lectures)
13:30 – 14:30 Diseases and pests and their control - Dr. Arailde Fontes Urben
14:30 – 15:00 Coffee break
15:00 – 16:30 E Economi Economical Aspects of Fungiculture: Processing and marketing - Prof. Edison
de Souza
16:30 – 17:30 Functional Mushrooms and their importance in Human Health - Dr. Arailde
Fontes Urben
17:30 – 18:00 Closing