Post on 03-Jan-2016
Chapter 5 ConsciousnessChapter 5 Consciousness
Section 1Section 1Study of ConsciousnessStudy of Consciousness
Consciousness: Awareness of things inside Consciousness: Awareness of things inside and outside of ourselvesand outside of ourselves
Behaviorist ViewBehaviorist View– John WatsonJohn Watson– Not important to Not important to
consider consciousnessconsider consciousness
Constructionist viewConstructionist view– A concept used to talk A concept used to talk
about something we about something we cannot see, touch, or cannot see, touch, or measure directlymeasure directly
Awareness 3 typesAwareness 3 types
1.1. SensorySensory aware of your environment through aware of your environment through
sight, taste, smell, hearingsight, taste, smell, hearing ex: smell food cooking, seeing the sun ex: smell food cooking, seeing the sun
rise, and hearing your mother calling yourise, and hearing your mother calling you Not always aware of your Not always aware of your
environment= not paying attention in class, environment= not paying attention in class, listening to a song on the radiolistening to a song on the radio
Continued…..Continued…..
2.2. Direct inner awarenessDirect inner awareness• Being aware of things inside of yourselfBeing aware of things inside of yourself• Thinking abstract concepts, memoriesThinking abstract concepts, memories
ex: feeling angry, love, fairness, ex: feeling angry, love, fairness,
( no hearing, touching or smelling involved)( no hearing, touching or smelling involved)• Imagine jumping into a lake or swimming in a Imagine jumping into a lake or swimming in a
pool on a hot daypool on a hot day
ContinuedContinued…..…..
33. Sense of self (each person experiences). Sense of self (each person experiences) Aware of ourselves and our existenceAware of ourselves and our existence A child does not use his name until he A child does not use his name until he
realizes I am an Unique individual realizes I am an Unique individual separate from other peopleseparate from other people
3 Levels of 3 Levels of ConsciousnessConsciousness
Preconscious levelPreconscious level
What you can recall if you had toWhat you can recall if you had to What you wore last nightWhat you wore last night Where you went on vacationWhere you went on vacation
Unconscious level Unconscious level (subconscious(subconscious) )
is unavailable to awarenessis unavailable to awareness Information is hiddenInformation is hidden Allowing things to interfere with your plansAllowing things to interfere with your plans
Non-conscious levelNon-conscious level
Biological functionsBiological functions– Blinking of your eyesBlinking of your eyes– BreathingBreathing– Nails and hair growingNails and hair growing– Pupils adjusting to lightPupils adjusting to light
Freud’s theoryFreud’s theory
Certain memories are painful or considered Certain memories are painful or considered unacceptable.unacceptable.
We develop defense mechanisms to push We develop defense mechanisms to push things from our conscious mind into our things from our conscious mind into our unconscious mindunconscious mind
Altered states of consciousnessAltered states of consciousness
In which a person’s sense of self or sense of In which a person’s sense of self or sense of the world changesthe world changes
SleepingSleeping Under the influences of drugsUnder the influences of drugs MeditationMeditation BiofeedbackBiofeedback HypnosisHypnosis
Section 2Section 2Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams
Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams
Circadian RhythmsCircadian Rhythms– Biological clocksBiological clocks
Body temperature, blood pressure and Body temperature, blood pressure and sleepiness and wakefulness during a 24 sleepiness and wakefulness during a 24 hour periodhour period
SleepSleep
Defined in terms of Defined in terms of brains wave patterns brains wave patterns which can be measured which can be measured by a EEG by a EEG (electroencephalograph)(electroencephalograph)
Stages of sleepStages of sleep
1.1. Lightest sleep- Brief dream like images Lightest sleep- Brief dream like images that resemble vivid photographs 30-40 that resemble vivid photographs 30-40 minutesminutes
2.2. Starting deeper sleepStarting deeper sleep
3.3. Deep sleep stage-- slow brain wavesDeep sleep stage-- slow brain waves
4.4. Deepest sleep stage-- hardest to wake up Deepest sleep stage-- hardest to wake up inin
5.5. REM (rapid eye movement sleep)REM (rapid eye movement sleep)
Continue…..Continue…..
The first 4 stages are known as NREM --The first 4 stages are known as NREM --non rapid eye movement ornon rapid eye movement or
Most people go through these stages 5 X Most people go through these stages 5 X during the nightduring the night
Periods of REM become longer each timePeriods of REM become longer each time Morning REM may last as long as 30 Morning REM may last as long as 30
minutesminutes
Why do we sleep?Why do we sleep?
Revive the tired bodyRevive the tired body Build up resistance to infectionBuild up resistance to infection Brain development in babies and young Brain development in babies and young
childrenchildren Exercise the brain in babiesExercise the brain in babies Release growth hormoneRelease growth hormone
No sleepNo sleep– irritable, memory lapses, and speech difficultiesirritable, memory lapses, and speech difficulties
REM rebound from no sleepREM rebound from no sleep– learn slower, forget more rapidlylearn slower, forget more rapidly
Can you catch up on your sleep?Can you catch up on your sleep?
DREAMSDREAMS
During REM most vividDuring REM most vivid Black and white / ColorBlack and white / Color Every time we sleepEvery time we sleep People dream in real timePeople dream in real time
Sleep ProblemsSleep Problems
InsomniaInsomnia– the inability to sleepthe inability to sleep– Use drugs to relax and Use drugs to relax and
sleepsleep NightmaresNightmares
– common for most common for most peoplepeople
Night TerrorsNight Terrors– same as nightmares but same as nightmares but
much more severmuch more sever– Children have them Children have them
Continued…..Continued…..
Sleep walkingSleep walking– usually out grow this with ageusually out grow this with age
Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea– breathing is interrupted (linked to SIDS)breathing is interrupted (linked to SIDS)
NarcolepsyNarcolepsy– rare sleep problemrare sleep problem– Suddenly falling a sleepSuddenly falling a sleep– no matter what time it is or where you areno matter what time it is or where you are– No known causeNo known cause
Meditation, Biofeedback and HypnosisMeditation, Biofeedback and HypnosisSection 3Section 3
MeditationMeditation
a method some people a method some people use to try to narrow use to try to narrow their consciousness so their consciousness so that the stresses of the that the stresses of the outside world fade outside world fade awayaway
Egyptians Egyptians gazed into oil burning gazed into oil burning lampslamps
INDIAINDIA
yogayoga– stare at an intricate stare at an intricate
pattern on a vasepattern on a vase
By narrowing of the By narrowing of the consciousness people consciousness people can suspend pain, can suspend pain, worry and stress.worry and stress.
BuddhismBuddhism– one with the universeone with the universe
Repeat pleasing soundRepeat pleasing sound– mantras—om---focus mantras—om---focus
on sound on sound
BiofeedbackBiofeedback
A system that provides A system that provides or feeds back or feeds back information about information about something happening something happening in the body.in the body.
Used to relax, slow the Used to relax, slow the heart, lower blood heart, lower blood pressure, and release pressure, and release muscle tension.muscle tension.
HypnosisHypnosis
Is an altered state of Is an altered state of consciousness during consciousness during which people respond which people respond to suggestions and to suggestions and behave as though they behave as though they are in a trance.are in a trance.
Used to reduce Used to reduce anxiety, manage pain anxiety, manage pain and overcome fearsand overcome fears
You can only be hypnotized?You can only be hypnotized?
Maybe if you want to be.Maybe if you want to be. Might be effectiveMight be effective Hypnosis and memory not very reliable.Hypnosis and memory not very reliable. Used to manage pain and to quit bad habitsUsed to manage pain and to quit bad habits
Section 4Section 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSW67ySCio
Side effects of drugsSide effects of drugs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROlUB99IJRsv=ROlUB99IJRs
Drugs and consciousnessDrugs and consciousness
AddictionAddiction– Distorts people’s perceptionsDistorts people’s perceptions– change their moodschange their moods– see or hear things that are not theresee or hear things that are not there
DepressantsDepressants AlcoholAlcohol
– IntoxicationIntoxication
NarcoticsNarcotics– Addictive, depressant Addictive, depressant – reduce pain reduce pain – induce sleepinduce sleep– MorphineMorphine– HeroinHeroin– codeinecodeine
Raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, Raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, distorts brain activity “hallucination and distorts brain activity “hallucination and
delusionsdelusions””
– NicotineNicotine
– AmphetaminesAmphetamines
– CocaineCocaine
HallucinogensHallucinogens
– Marijuana, LSD, Marijuana, LSD, flashbacks flashbacks
Treatment for drug abuseTreatment for drug abuse
Detoxification Detoxification – the removal of the harmful substance from the the removal of the harmful substance from the
bodybody
Maintenance programsMaintenance programs– Counseling Counseling – support groups---AA support groups---AA
Dream Dream AwayAway
The end!!The end!!