Chapter 5 ConsciousnessChapter 5 Consciousness

Section 1Section 1Study of ConsciousnessStudy of Consciousness

Consciousness: Awareness of things inside Consciousness: Awareness of things inside and outside of ourselvesand outside of ourselves

Behaviorist ViewBehaviorist View– John WatsonJohn Watson– Not important to Not important to

consider consciousnessconsider consciousness

Constructionist viewConstructionist view– A concept used to talk A concept used to talk

about something we about something we cannot see, touch, or cannot see, touch, or measure directlymeasure directly

Awareness 3 typesAwareness 3 types

1.1. SensorySensory aware of your environment through aware of your environment through

sight, taste, smell, hearingsight, taste, smell, hearing ex: smell food cooking, seeing the sun ex: smell food cooking, seeing the sun

rise, and hearing your mother calling yourise, and hearing your mother calling you Not always aware of your Not always aware of your

environment= not paying attention in class, environment= not paying attention in class, listening to a song on the radiolistening to a song on the radio

Continued…..Continued…..

2.2. Direct inner awarenessDirect inner awareness• Being aware of things inside of yourselfBeing aware of things inside of yourself• Thinking abstract concepts, memoriesThinking abstract concepts, memories

ex: feeling angry, love, fairness, ex: feeling angry, love, fairness,

( no hearing, touching or smelling involved)( no hearing, touching or smelling involved)• Imagine jumping into a lake or swimming in a Imagine jumping into a lake or swimming in a

pool on a hot daypool on a hot day

ContinuedContinued…..…..

33. Sense of self (each person experiences). Sense of self (each person experiences) Aware of ourselves and our existenceAware of ourselves and our existence A child does not use his name until he A child does not use his name until he

realizes I am an Unique individual realizes I am an Unique individual separate from other peopleseparate from other people

3 Levels of 3 Levels of ConsciousnessConsciousness

Preconscious levelPreconscious level

What you can recall if you had toWhat you can recall if you had to What you wore last nightWhat you wore last night Where you went on vacationWhere you went on vacation

Unconscious level Unconscious level (subconscious(subconscious) )

is unavailable to awarenessis unavailable to awareness Information is hiddenInformation is hidden Allowing things to interfere with your plansAllowing things to interfere with your plans

Non-conscious levelNon-conscious level

Biological functionsBiological functions– Blinking of your eyesBlinking of your eyes– BreathingBreathing– Nails and hair growingNails and hair growing– Pupils adjusting to lightPupils adjusting to light

Freud’s theoryFreud’s theory

Certain memories are painful or considered Certain memories are painful or considered unacceptable.unacceptable.

We develop defense mechanisms to push We develop defense mechanisms to push things from our conscious mind into our things from our conscious mind into our unconscious mindunconscious mind

Altered states of consciousnessAltered states of consciousness

In which a person’s sense of self or sense of In which a person’s sense of self or sense of the world changesthe world changes

SleepingSleeping Under the influences of drugsUnder the influences of drugs MeditationMeditation BiofeedbackBiofeedback HypnosisHypnosis

Section 2Section 2Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams

Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams

Circadian RhythmsCircadian Rhythms– Biological clocksBiological clocks

Body temperature, blood pressure and Body temperature, blood pressure and sleepiness and wakefulness during a 24 sleepiness and wakefulness during a 24 hour periodhour period

SleepSleep

Defined in terms of Defined in terms of brains wave patterns brains wave patterns which can be measured which can be measured by a EEG by a EEG (electroencephalograph)(electroencephalograph)

Stages of sleepStages of sleep

1.1. Lightest sleep- Brief dream like images Lightest sleep- Brief dream like images that resemble vivid photographs 30-40 that resemble vivid photographs 30-40 minutesminutes

2.2. Starting deeper sleepStarting deeper sleep

3.3. Deep sleep stage-- slow brain wavesDeep sleep stage-- slow brain waves

4.4. Deepest sleep stage-- hardest to wake up Deepest sleep stage-- hardest to wake up inin

5.5. REM (rapid eye movement sleep)REM (rapid eye movement sleep)

Continue…..Continue…..

The first 4 stages are known as NREM --The first 4 stages are known as NREM --non rapid eye movement ornon rapid eye movement or

Most people go through these stages 5 X Most people go through these stages 5 X during the nightduring the night

Periods of REM become longer each timePeriods of REM become longer each time Morning REM may last as long as 30 Morning REM may last as long as 30

minutesminutes

Why do we sleep?Why do we sleep?

Revive the tired bodyRevive the tired body Build up resistance to infectionBuild up resistance to infection Brain development in babies and young Brain development in babies and young

childrenchildren Exercise the brain in babiesExercise the brain in babies Release growth hormoneRelease growth hormone

No sleepNo sleep– irritable, memory lapses, and speech difficultiesirritable, memory lapses, and speech difficulties

REM rebound from no sleepREM rebound from no sleep– learn slower, forget more rapidlylearn slower, forget more rapidly

Can you catch up on your sleep?Can you catch up on your sleep?

DREAMSDREAMS

During REM most vividDuring REM most vivid Black and white / ColorBlack and white / Color Every time we sleepEvery time we sleep People dream in real timePeople dream in real time

Sleep ProblemsSleep Problems

InsomniaInsomnia– the inability to sleepthe inability to sleep– Use drugs to relax and Use drugs to relax and

sleepsleep NightmaresNightmares

– common for most common for most peoplepeople

Night TerrorsNight Terrors– same as nightmares but same as nightmares but

much more severmuch more sever– Children have them Children have them

Continued…..Continued…..

Sleep walkingSleep walking– usually out grow this with ageusually out grow this with age

Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea– breathing is interrupted (linked to SIDS)breathing is interrupted (linked to SIDS)

NarcolepsyNarcolepsy– rare sleep problemrare sleep problem– Suddenly falling a sleepSuddenly falling a sleep– no matter what time it is or where you areno matter what time it is or where you are– No known causeNo known cause

Meditation, Biofeedback and HypnosisMeditation, Biofeedback and HypnosisSection 3Section 3

MeditationMeditation

a method some people a method some people use to try to narrow use to try to narrow their consciousness so their consciousness so that the stresses of the that the stresses of the outside world fade outside world fade awayaway

Egyptians Egyptians gazed into oil burning gazed into oil burning lampslamps

INDIAINDIA

yogayoga– stare at an intricate stare at an intricate

pattern on a vasepattern on a vase

By narrowing of the By narrowing of the consciousness people consciousness people can suspend pain, can suspend pain, worry and stress.worry and stress.

BuddhismBuddhism– one with the universeone with the universe

Repeat pleasing soundRepeat pleasing sound– mantras—om---focus mantras—om---focus

on sound on sound

BiofeedbackBiofeedback

A system that provides A system that provides or feeds back or feeds back information about information about something happening something happening in the body.in the body.

Used to relax, slow the Used to relax, slow the heart, lower blood heart, lower blood pressure, and release pressure, and release muscle tension.muscle tension.

HypnosisHypnosis

Is an altered state of Is an altered state of consciousness during consciousness during which people respond which people respond to suggestions and to suggestions and behave as though they behave as though they are in a trance.are in a trance.

Used to reduce Used to reduce anxiety, manage pain anxiety, manage pain and overcome fearsand overcome fears

You can only be hypnotized?You can only be hypnotized?

Maybe if you want to be.Maybe if you want to be. Might be effectiveMight be effective Hypnosis and memory not very reliable.Hypnosis and memory not very reliable. Used to manage pain and to quit bad habitsUsed to manage pain and to quit bad habits

Section 4Section 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSW67ySCio

Side effects of drugsSide effects of drugs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROlUB99IJRsv=ROlUB99IJRs

Drugs and consciousnessDrugs and consciousness

AddictionAddiction– Distorts people’s perceptionsDistorts people’s perceptions– change their moodschange their moods– see or hear things that are not theresee or hear things that are not there

DepressantsDepressants AlcoholAlcohol

– IntoxicationIntoxication

NarcoticsNarcotics– Addictive, depressant Addictive, depressant – reduce pain reduce pain – induce sleepinduce sleep– MorphineMorphine– HeroinHeroin– codeinecodeine

Raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, Raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, distorts brain activity “hallucination and distorts brain activity “hallucination and

delusionsdelusions””

– NicotineNicotine

– AmphetaminesAmphetamines

– CocaineCocaine

HallucinogensHallucinogens

– Marijuana, LSD, Marijuana, LSD, flashbacks flashbacks

Treatment for drug abuseTreatment for drug abuse

Detoxification Detoxification – the removal of the harmful substance from the the removal of the harmful substance from the

bodybody

Maintenance programsMaintenance programs– Counseling Counseling – support groups---AA support groups---AA

Dream Dream AwayAway

The end!!The end!!