Chapter 20: Enlightenment and Revolution in England

20.1 Civil War and Revolution

I. Charles I and Parliament

A. Charles I (son of James I) believed in Divine RightB. Battles of fundingC. Petition of Right- presented by Parliament

1. King can not tax without permission of Parl.2. Could not declare martial law3. Could not board soldiers in private homes during peacetime4. Could not imprison without a specific charge

D. Charles dismissed for 11 yrsE. Revolt in ScotlandF. Charles calls Parliament into session

II. The Long Parliament

A. Meet on and off for 20 yrsB. Passed law- Parliament must meet at least

once every 3 yrsC. Parliament controls taxesD. Tried to change Anglican Church- too RadicalE. Irish Rebellion- Irish Catholics vs. English ruleF. Led to Civil War- Charles I and House of

Commons

III. English Civil War

A. Kings supporters: Anglicans, Catholics, nobles- royalist or Cavaliers

B. Parliament supporters: Puritans, Non-Anglican Protestants- Roundheads

C. Cromwell vs. Charles I- New Model Army defeats Charles

D. Cromwell controlled Parliament- Rump Parliament- abolished monarchy

IV. Cromwell’s Commonwealth

A. Oliver Cromwell-1. Honest devout Puritan2. Lord protector from 1653-16583. Military dictator

B. Republic- established constitutionC. Unpopular but brutally effectiveD. Navigation Act of 1651- war with Dutch

V. End of Revolution

A. Republican government failedB. Cromwell’s son Richard loses army’s supportC. Parliament invited Charles II to return to

English throne

Fun Facts

• September 1658. When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, some of his supporters had Cromwell's body dug up and hanged(!) from a gallows as a traitor. His remains were later buried at the foot of the gibbet.

• Oliver Cromwell had five sons and four daughters with a woman he married out of convenience.