Chapter 20: Enlightenment and Revolution in England 20.1 Civil War and Revolution.
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Transcript of Chapter 20: Enlightenment and Revolution in England 20.1 Civil War and Revolution.
Chapter 20: Enlightenment and Revolution in England
20.1 Civil War and Revolution
I. Charles I and Parliament
A. Charles I (son of James I) believed in Divine RightB. Battles of fundingC. Petition of Right- presented by Parliament
1. King can not tax without permission of Parl.2. Could not declare martial law3. Could not board soldiers in private homes during peacetime4. Could not imprison without a specific charge
D. Charles dismissed for 11 yrsE. Revolt in ScotlandF. Charles calls Parliament into session
II. The Long Parliament
A. Meet on and off for 20 yrsB. Passed law- Parliament must meet at least
once every 3 yrsC. Parliament controls taxesD. Tried to change Anglican Church- too RadicalE. Irish Rebellion- Irish Catholics vs. English ruleF. Led to Civil War- Charles I and House of
Commons
III. English Civil War
A. Kings supporters: Anglicans, Catholics, nobles- royalist or Cavaliers
B. Parliament supporters: Puritans, Non-Anglican Protestants- Roundheads
C. Cromwell vs. Charles I- New Model Army defeats Charles
D. Cromwell controlled Parliament- Rump Parliament- abolished monarchy
IV. Cromwell’s Commonwealth
A. Oliver Cromwell-1. Honest devout Puritan2. Lord protector from 1653-16583. Military dictator
B. Republic- established constitutionC. Unpopular but brutally effectiveD. Navigation Act of 1651- war with Dutch
V. End of Revolution
A. Republican government failedB. Cromwell’s son Richard loses army’s supportC. Parliament invited Charles II to return to
English throne
Fun Facts
• September 1658. When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, some of his supporters had Cromwell's body dug up and hanged(!) from a gallows as a traitor. His remains were later buried at the foot of the gibbet.
• Oliver Cromwell had five sons and four daughters with a woman he married out of convenience.