New EnglandChapter 2 Section 3

Colony Founder/Year Founded

Reasons Founded

The Pilgrims Land at PlymouthA group of Puritans, called separatists, broke

away from the Anglican Church to form their own churchKing James I saw this as an action challenging

him He imprisoned separatist leaders

A group of the Puritan separatists fled to Holland in 1608Left because of religious persecution

Became known as pilgrims

In 1617, they decided to sail for America

Puritans

Mayflower Arrives in AmericaPilgrims returned to England to join other

separatistsSet sail on the Mayflower in September of

1620 102 passengers Journey across the Atlantic =65 days

Food shortage=many became ill and one diedA severe storm threw them off course,

eventually saw land at Cape Cod, Mass. in Nov. Were suppose to land in Virginia=instead landed in

Plymouth, Mass.

Mayflower

Plymouth ColonyWilliam Bradford=one of leaders of

Plymouth colonyStated they first built homes for the colonists

Eventually a plague killed all but 50 of the colonistsColonists met a Native American called

Squanto=he helped colonists thrive Taught them how to grow corn, fish, and to live off

the land Helped them draw up a treaty with the local N.A.’s

(Wampanoag) Joined the Wampanoag in the fall for a three day

feast=thanked God for their good fortune= Thanksgiving

Puritans Found MassachusettsIn 1625, King Charles I took the throne and

his opposition towards Puritans increasedCaused Puritans to want to leave England for

America

A City on HillA depression hit England=wool industry

collapsed=unemployment for PuritansPuritans now suffered religious and economic

hardshipJohn Winthrop and other wealthy Puritans

were stockholders in the Mass. Bay Company received a royal charter to in March

1629=colonize in New EnglandWinthrop turned his business venture into a

refuge for Puritans March 1630, 11 ships, 900 settlers set sail

James Winthrop

A City on HillBy the end of 1630, 17 ships had brought

another 1000 peopleFounded several towns=Boston=capital

Conditions worsened in England led to Great MigrationBy 1643, 20,000 settlers had arrived in New

England

Church and StateMass. Bay Company defined gov’t of colony

“freemen”=members of MBC Made up General Court=made laws and elected

governor

1st governor was John WinthropIgnored the charter (GC)=said only him and

his assistants could make laws Lasted 4 years=colonists were frustrated b/c they

had small voice in gov’t

In May 1634, General Court assembledCreated a way for yearly election for GC

Church and StateJohn Winthrop believed the congregation should

control its churchWith the help of gov’t

Passed laws=required everyone to go to church and stated what was illegal (gambling, blasphemy, adultery, and drunkenness=flogging)

Collected taxes for church

Mass. Bay Colony didn’t allow any other religious viewsIf anyone challenged Puritan ideas=charged with

heresy and banished Heretics were considered a threat to the community

Rhode Island and Religious DissentPuritan intolerance led to the founding of

other colonies in New England=Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine

http://www.timepage.org/images/NewEngColonies.gif

Roger Williams Founds ProvidenceIn 1631, Roger Williams arrived in Boston

Taught his separatist ideology in Salem Angered Puritan church=condemned them for

remaining part of Anglican Church Also stated that the land of Plymouth belonged to

N.A.’s and king couldn’t give it away Upset John Winthrop b/c if King found this out he

could revoke their charter and make them a royal colony

In Oct. 1635, General Court ordered him to leave Headed south and founded his own colony

Providence=gov’t had no authority over religious matters & different religions were tolerated

Roger Williams

Anne Hutchinson is BanishedArrived in Boston in during Roger Williams

ordealClaimed she knew which ministers had

salvation from God and who didn’t Was called to General Court in 1637

Stated God spoke to her directly=violated Puritan doctrine that God speaks through the Bible Immediately she was banned for heresy

She and her followers headed south to Pocasset, later Portsmouth

Anne Hutchinson

Colony of Rhode IslandMassachusetts banished dissenting Puritans

over next few yearsHeaded south=founded Newport (1639) and

Warwick (1643) Joined with Portsmouth and Providence to become

the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Religious freedom and separation of church and

state= key parts of the colony’s charter

River Towns of ConneticutIn 1613, Thomas Hooker asked G.C. for permission to

move his congregation to the Connecticut River ValleyNeeded more land to raise cattle

He was also frustrated with Mass. political system Were granted permission

Founded Hartford

Others followed founded towns of Windsor and WethersfieldIn 1637, joined together created their on G.C.

Two years later adopted a constitution called Fundamental Orders of Connecticut=1st written constitution of the American colonies Allowed all adult men to elect governor and the G.C.

Read about Pequot War pg. 70 2nd column 4th and 5th paragraphs.

Thomas Hooker

New Hampshire and MaineSettlers to the N. of Mass. were fishers and

fur tradersNew Hampshire

Land was granted to Capt. John MasonMaine

Land was granted to Sir Fernando GorgesBoth were claimed by Massachusetts

Went to court in 1677=English court ruled against Mass. In 1679, N.H. became a royal colony Mass. bought Maine from Gorge’s heirs=remained

part of Mass. until 1820

King Phillip’s WarFor 40 yrs. after Pequot War, New England settlers

and N.A.’s had good relationsFur trade created Peace

King Phillip’s WarIn 1675, 3 Wampanoag were tried and executed in

Plymouth Wampanoag attacked Swansea =sparked King Phillip’s

War=named after Metacomet Wampanoag leader=King Phillip (by colonists) he was killed in 1676 but fighting continued in Maine and

New Hampshire Settlers won in 1678=few N.A.’s remained in New England

New England belonged to English