Colonial AmericaReasons for Settlement

Vocabulary

________________ a country’s permanent settlement in another part of the world.

________________ the ability to worship however you

choose.

________________ treating people harshly because of

their beliefs.

________________ the way a society organizes the

manufacture and exchange of things of value, such as money, food, products, and services.

________________ a project with the goal of making

money.

Roanoke : The Lost Colony Founded: 1585 & 1587

Founded by: Sir Walter Raleigh

WHEN: 1585 (first time)

WHO? 100 men

WHY? Economic Venture; to find gold to make England richer.

• This was England’s first attempt at establishing a permanent settlement in North America.

* patent: a government authority to someone the right to make, use, or sell some invention or discovery

SIR WALTER RALEIGH

FOUNDER OF ROANOKE COLONY. GRANTED A *PATENT FROM QUEEN ELIZABETH II TO DISCOVER AND SETTLE LANDS IN NORTH AMERICA.

WHERE?

• English ships could not to land supplies and the sandy, infertile soil produced few crops. The poor location virtually doomed Roanoke to failure.

• When colonists could no longer get food from the Algonquians they hopped on a passing ship and went back to England.

EPIC FAIL!

LET’S TRY THAT AGAIN...

WHEN: 1587 (the second time)

WHO? 94 (included 17 women and 9 children)

WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?

John White returned home for supplies. He was unable to return to Roanoke for 3 years.

When he arrived in Roanoke, the settlement was mysteriously abandoned. There was only one skeleton and no sign of attack. The only clue was carved into a tree -- the word “CROATOAN”

He never discovered what happened to his daughter and granddaughter.

Discouraged by the disappearance, the English did not try again for another 20 years.

JOHN WHITE

LEADER OF THE COLONY; GRANDFATHER OF VIRGINIA DARE; CAME BACK TO FIND EVERYONE MISSING.

VIRGINIA DARE

FIRST ENGLISH BABY BORN IN NORTH AMERICA.

In December of 1607,

Captain John Smith was

on an exploration and

trading mission when he

was captured by

Powhatan, the chief of

the confederacy of

tribes in the area.

According to a later

story told by Smith, he was saved by Powhatan's daughter,

Pocahontas.

Pocahontas began to help the settlers, bringing them

much-needed food that saved them from starvation, and

even tipping them off about an ambush.

Smith credited Pocahontas with preserving "this Colonie

from death, famine and utter confusion" for "two or three

yeeres."

Founded by: The Virginia Company

WHO? 108 settlers, employees of the Virginia Company.

WHY? Economic Venture Investors expected the company to settle the New World, find gold, map a water route to China.

WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?• The settlers built a fort, then fell into a life and death struggle, battling drought, disease, famine, and local natives.

• The colony survived its first two years because of Captain John Smith. Captain Smith forced colonists to work six hours a day in the fields.

“He that does not work, does not eat” Captain John Smith

Founded: 1607Jamestown

• Led by John Rolfe, the colonists

learned how to raise tobacco in 1616.

• The addictive nicotine in tobacco

meant consumers would pay high

prices to satisfy their craving.

• Tobacco plants prefer a long,

hot, and humid growing

season, the crop thrived in

Virginia but not in England, giving colonists an

advantage.

• Due to the many harbors and an extensive river system, the Chesapeake permitted the shipping of

tobacco in bulk across the Atlantic to Europe.

• Tobacco sold in England for about five to ten times as much as it cost to produce in the Chesapeake.

That meant that if a planter could obtain land and a few laborers, he could make more in a year than

in a decade spent in England.

Plymouth: The First ThanksgivingFounded 1620

Founded by: Separatist Pilgrims

WHY? Religious freedom; end to persecution

WHO? Separatist Pilgrims• A group of religious emigrants from England who were seeking a new life in America.

•They arrived on the Mayflower with other passengers known as Strangers.

•The Pilgrims hoped to settle in Virginia, but landed too far north. In the first winter, over half of the Pilgrims died from the cold.

After the Mayflower was safely anchored, 41 pilgrim men signed an agreement which established the system by which they wished to govern themselves. This document has come to be known as The Mayflower Compact. It was the first official government in the colonies.

Squanto and Samoset were Wampanoag Indians who taught the Pilgrims how to farm and hunt.

The “First Thanksgiving” celebrated their first successful harvest.

Thanksgiving did not become an official holiday until President Lincoln made it a national holiday in 1863.

WILLIAM BRADFORD

FIRST GOVERNOR OF PLYMOUTH; HELPED WRITE THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT

Massachusetts Bay ColonyFounded by: Puritans

WHY? Religious freedom for the Puritans

WHO? PuritansChurch and government were united in England. Law demanded that everyone support the official Church of England with taxes and regular attendance.

• A religious group that was trying to “purify” the church by changing the way that people lived and worshipped. They wanted a simple church without priests, formal prayers and ceremonies.

• When they could not change the church, they decided to leave England.

Founded 1630

• John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts Bay; established government based on Christian teachings and beliefs.

•Roger Williams, a Puritan minister who was kicked out for his beliefs. He founded the colony of Rhode Island.

•Early success in the Massachusetts Bay colony led to a period

known as the “Great Migration” in which thousands of people moved to America for religious freedom and tolerance.

• Colony was the site of the Salem Witch Trials in 1692, in which 20 people were executed for “witchcraft”.

JOHN WINTHROPFIRST GOVERNOR OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY;

ROGER WILLIAMS

PURITAN MINISTER, FOUNDER OF RHODE ISLAND

• The colony was named after Penn’s father; Pennsylvania means “Penn’s Woods”

• Philadelphia was its first major city and would become the first capital of the United States.

• Philadelphia was also the host city for the 1st and 2nd Continental Congresses and the Constitutional Convention.

PennsylvaniaFounded 1681

Founded by: William Penn

WHY? Religious freedom for the Quakers and people of all religions.

WHO? Quakers

• William Penn was a Quaker leader who had been critical of the king’s policies on religious practice.

• The king of England owed Penn’s late father £16,000. To get Penn out of his hair and pay off his debts; the king gave him a big piece of land in America.

WILLIAM PENN

QUAKER LEADER AND FOUNDER OF THE PENNSYLVANIA COLONY

GeorgiaFounded 1732

Founded by: James Oglethorpe

WHY? Relief for debtors; buffer zone against the Spanish in Florida

WHO? Debtors

• James Oglethorpe was a member of British Parliament who was disgusted at the conditions at debtors’ prisons and decided to do something about it.

• To reduce the number of English in poverty, debtors and the unemployed were sent to Georgia to work on their own farms.

• Oglethorpe hoped colonists would become productive citizens working both to improve themselves and defend the colony.

• In addition to starting Georgia, James Oglethorpe was also one of the first to try to ban alcohol and slavery from his colony - unsuccessfully.

• Georgia is the last of the 13 original colonies to be founded.

• In addition to providing a safe haven for debtors, Georgia was also a place for many people seeking freedom from religious persecution.

JAMES OGLETHORPE

FOUNDER OF GEORGIA