Chapter 19 Section 5

Global Peacemaker

Fourteen Points

• Woodrow Wilson’s plans to restore peace to the world– 1st 5 dealt with what he

believed caused the war– 6-13 deal with boundary

changes– 14 is the League of

Nations

Describe 3 of Wilson’s 14 Points

• No secret treaties• Removal of trade

barriers• Reduction of military

forces• Freedom of seas• Right of self-

determination

Self-Determination

• People of a nation have the freedom to make decisions about their own future– For example, what kind

of government they will have

How did the Allies both encourage and discourage self-determination in Europe?

• They encouraged it by giving independence to some countries

• Discouraged it by disregarding the wishes of other countries

• The Allies were very inconsistent in their application of self-determination

List the 9 new nations that were created in Europe following WWI.

• Finland• Estonia• Latvia• Lithuania• Poland• Czechoslovakia• Austria• Hungary• Yugoslavia

Spoils

• Rewards of War• Wilson claimed that the

U.S. was not interested in spoils

• European nations were– Britain and France

wanted to take anything they could get from Germany and its allies• Italy and Japan were also

very interested in spoils

League of Nations

• International peacekeeping organization

• Rather that going to war, it was thought that this organization would allow countries to diplomatically solve their problems– The idea was proposed by

Woodrow Wilson

Reparation

• Payment for economic injury suffered during the war

• It was decided that Germany owed the Allied $33billion– No way Germany could

repay this– Germany humiliated

• They would not forget this

Why did France and Britain demand reparations from Germany?

• To punish and humiliate Germany for its role in the war

Treaty of Versailles

• The treaty that ended the war with Germany

• Very harsh treaty• Limited Germany to

100,000 soldiers• No heavy artillery• No submarines• No air force• Lost all colonies• Lost 25% of territory

Treaty of Versailles

• Article 231 forced Germany to accept all responsibility for the war

Why did the 14 Points fail as a basis of peace negotiations?

• The 14 points did not serve the desired of the other Allies– Britain and France

wanted to cripple Germany by taking its territory and demanding reparations• Not interested in peace as

equals

Why did many American oppose the League of Nations?

• The League of Nations made many Americans concerned about American independence and whether or not the Monroe Doctrine would remain in effect

How did the United States eventually make peace with Germany?

• The Senate approved a separate peace treaty in 1921

• The U.S. never signed the Treaty of Versailles or joined the League of Nations