Science, Technology, and Science, Technology, and EducationEducation

Chapter 16

Turn of the CenturyTurn of the Century

Today…Today…

1. Technological advances and urban planning

2. New technologies and how they improved life

3. How education changed

Growing CitiesGrowing Cities

Technological advances created a need for better urban Technological advances created a need for better urban planningplanning

Participation #1Participation #1“I was largely induced to think over the matter from seeing

the difficulty and pain the horses experienced in hauling the cars up Jackson Street, from Kearny to Stockton Street, on which street four or five horses were needed for the purpose—the driving being accompanied by the free use of whip and voice, and occasionally by the horses falling and being dragged down the hill on their sides, by the car loaded with passengers sliding on its track.”

-- Andrew Smith Hallidie, inventor of the cable car

Participation #1Participation #1

Why did Hallidie believe that transportation methods in the city needed improving?

A. The streets were overcrowded

B. To prevent difficulties for horses

C. Passenger cars slid down the hills uncontrolled

D. It was too great a distance from Jackson to Stockton Street

Urban PlanningUrban Planning

• Urban planning: Designing how city land will be used– Business– Living space

1960 Brasilia1960 Brasilia

SkyscrapersSkyscrapers

• Space problems– By 1900, 4 in 10 Americans

live in cities– Skyscrapers make best

use of limited space– Elevators & steel

made possible

Electric StreetcarsElectric Streetcars

• How to move all those people around– Allowed cities to

also spread outward

Parks and RecreationParks and Recreation

– Urban parks were popular– To get away from the big city without really

leaving

Central ParkCentral Park Iowa City, IAIowa City, IA

New TechnologyNew Technology

Participation #2Participation #2

If you could invent anything (school appropriate) what would it be and why?

Printing PressesPrinting Presses

• Electric

• Organized pages

• Newspapers = 1 cent

AirplaneAirplane

• Orville & Wilbur Wright

AirplaneAirplane

• Orville & Wilbur Wright

Watch Wright flightWatch Wright flight

Participation #3Participation #3

1. What do you think airplanes were originally going to be used for?

2. What types of things are they used for today?

PhotographyPhotography

• George Eastman invents Kodak camera– Easy to hold and operate

Camera ca.1880Camera ca.1880

First Kodak cameraFirst Kodak camera

$25 = $500 today$25 = $500 today

AutomobileAutomobile

• Henry Ford produced first Model T in 1908– The Great Automobile Race of 1908

Sandwich at Turn of Century

• 1884 Hose Company No. 1 is formed, the first Sandwich Fire Department.

• 1893 The Sandwich City Council authorized its first electrical department and plant. In 1912 the Sandwich Electric Light Plant was sold to Illinois Northern Utilities Company, which eventually merged with Commonwealth Edison in 1953.

• 1898 The first telephone company was organized.

EducationEducation

Participation #4Participation #4Page 489

Look at the education/literacy chart.

1. By how much did the literacy rate rise from 1871 to 1920?

2. Does the number of immigrants during this period make the increase more or less impressive? Why?

Changes in EducationChanges in Education

• More attending– Attendance required for 8-14 year olds

• Physical punishment for everything

• More race discrimination– 62% white children attended– 34% African American children attended

Changes in EducationChanges in Education

• High school!– New industrial age meant:

• Advanced skills necessary

– Most students studied vocational courses:• Boys-- Mechanics, carpentry• Girls-- Office work

ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENTBefore you leave:1. How are skyscrapers and streetcars

an example of urban planning?2. Summarize new inventions at the turn

of the century and how they would make life easier.

• For Tomorrow:Chapter 16, Section 2 worksheet