Chapter 13Chapter 13(“Local Government”)(“Local Government”)

City Governments (13.1)City Governments (13.1)

City GovernmentsCity Governments

All local governments are created by the state, with their powers and duties established in the state constitutions.

They are not mentioned within the U.S. Constitution.

City GovernmentsCity Governments

A “municipality” is defined as an incorporated place, or an area that is officially organized to provide services to its residents.

City GovernmentsCity Governments All incorporated areas

begin by applying for a city charter, which acts like a city “constitution”.

Each charter must be approved by the state.

“Home Rule” allows cities to write their own charters to create their own governments.

City ServicesCity Services

Types of City GovernmentsTypes of City Governments

Charters usually create one of three kinds of governments:

1. Mayor-Council Form

2. Council-Manager Form

3. Commission Form

““Mayor-Council Form”Mayor-Council Form”

In this form, power is divided between the mayor and city councils.

“Ordinances” are the laws that are passed by this ruling body.

This is the most common form.

““Strong-Mayor vs. Weak-Mayor”Strong-Mayor vs. Weak-Mayor”

Other Forms:Other Forms:

In the “Council-Manager” form, the council and mayor make decisions jointly.

These members are elected in “at large” elections.

Usually hire an administrator to run the day to day operations.

Other Forms:Other Forms:

In the “Commission” form, individual “commissioners” are elected and serve as heads of departments.

Within the group, a mayor is selected.

The commission serves as both legislative AND executive branches.

Special DistrictsSpecial Districts

The most numerous of all local governments.

Usually deal with specific issues:– Education– Water / Sewer– Transportation

Metropolitan AreasMetropolitan Areas

This form of government encompasses the city center and the surrounding “suburbs”.

County Government (13.2)County Government (13.2)

County GovernmentsCounty Governments

A “county” is the largest subdivision of a state.

Only Connecticut and Rhode Island do NOT have counties.

Louisiana has “parishes” and Alaska has “boroughs”

County GovernmentsCounty Governments

Most counties have a centrally located county courthouse, which serves as the center of government.

The “county seat” is the town that contains this courthouse.

County GovernmentsCounty Governments

Despite the rising power of city governments, the county still controls many parts of government:– Elections– Hospitals– EMS – Waste Management

County GovernmentsCounty Governments

Most counties are governed by a board of commissioners.

“County Managers” are often appointed to help run the day to day operations of the county government.

“County Executives” are newly elected positions in some counties.

Other County OfficesOther County Offices

Towns, Townships, & Villages Towns, Townships, & Villages (13.3)(13.3)

Towns, Townships, & VillagesTowns, Townships, & Villages

Towns, townships, and villages are the smallest political units of local government.

Like cities & counties, they get all of their power from the state.

Towns, Townships, & VillagesTowns, Townships, & Villages

In New England states, “towns” are the most common.

Like cities & counties, they get all of their power from the state.

“Selectmen” are often chosen to carry out the day to day business.

Towns, Townships, & VillagesTowns, Townships, & Villages

“Town Meetings” are common in these areas, with a simple majority decision.

This is known as “direct democracy”.

In more recent times, many have become more “representative” (electing someone to speak for them)

Towns, Townships, & VillagesTowns, Townships, & Villages

In NY, NJ, PA, and other Midwestern areas, “townships” are still common.

A “township” is a 6 mile by 6 mile block of land.

“Township Committees” are selected to run these governments.

Towns, Townships, & VillagesTowns, Townships, & Villages

The “village” is the smallest form of local government.

Usually created when residents want to control their own services.

This usually results in higher taxes for the residents.