Post on 13-Jan-2016
Chapter 12The New Imperialism
Imperialism:
domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country, or region.
Motives of the New ImperialismEconomic interestsPolitical/Military interestsHumanitarian/religious goalsSocial Darwinism – European races believed they were superior to all others & imperial conquest/destruction of weaker races was nature’s way of improving the human species
Forms of Imperial Control
1.) Colonies-imperial powers set up a colonial bureaucracy w/ their own officials to rule & transform local society
Forms of Imperial Control
2.) Protectorates – local leaders left in place, but they were expected to follow advice of European advisors(advantage-cost less to run colony)
3.) Sphere of Influence - an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive trading and investment rights
Forms of Imperial Control
Direct Rule-officials from imperial power ruled locals directly
Indirect Rule – used local leaders as their agents in governing their colonies (Britain)
African Imperialism
Belgium Exploitation: The Congo
The Belgians (Dutch) exploited the land & people to become wealthy in ivory & rubber trade
6 million Africans died during the rubber trade
Many forced to be carriers for people on jungle expeditions
Joseph Conrad
Heart of Darkness – literary work by Joseph Conrad about imperialism in the Congo
Themes include ruthless exploitation, colonization, Euro-centrism
Berlin Conference: 18841884 – Euro. nations met @ international conference in Berlin to carve up Africa – no Africans were invited
Euro. Powers recog. Leopold’s claims to the Congo
Euro. Nations agreed no nation could claim any part of Africa w/out setting up gov. office there
Map of Africa redrawn
French Expansion in Africa
France took largest portion of Africa – mainly in West/No. & Central Africa
Invaded/conquered Algeria in 1830s; cost many Algerian lives
At its height, the French Empire in Africa was as large as the United States
British Expansion in Africa
Brits share of Africa = smaller, but more heavily populated w/ rich resources
West/East Africa – Egypt, Sudan, So. Africa (Cape Colony)
Brits set up racial segregation that lasted until 1993
Africans Resist Imperialism
Algerians battled French, Brits battled Zulus, Germans fought in East Africa & used scorched earth policy
Successful resistance = Ethiopia under Menelik II
British Imperialism in India
The British Take over India by mid 1800s
The East India Co.-obtained trading rights on the West side of India in 1600’s-by mid-1800’s it controlled 3/5ths of India
The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire