America:America:Land I LoveLand I Love

Chapter 1: A New World to Explore Chapter 1: A New World to Explore 1492-16821492-1682

Pages 4-7Pages 4-7

Christopher ColumbusChristopher ColumbusColumbus made his first landing in the New Columbus made his first landing in the New

World on the island of San SalvadorWorld on the island of San Salvador

Leif EricsonLeif EricsonHistorians believe that around the year A.D. Historians believe that around the year A.D. 1000, the Viking Leif Ericson landed on the 1000, the Viking Leif Ericson landed on the

shores of North Americashores of North America

Marco PoloMarco PoloMarco became the first European to Marco became the first European to

travel the length of Asia. His writings travel the length of Asia. His writings spurred in many Europeans a new spurred in many Europeans a new

interest in Asia.interest in Asia.

RenaissanceRenaissance

The rebirth of learningThe rebirth of learning

Helped set the stage for Helped set the stage for the discovery of the the discovery of the

New WorldNew World

Printing PressPrinting PressThis was perhaps the most important This was perhaps the most important

invention.invention.

Johann GutenbergJohann GutenbergThe first book Gutenberg printed on his The first book Gutenberg printed on his new press was the most important book new press was the most important book

of all – the Bible.of all – the Bible.

Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the NavigatorHe founded a navigation school and sent He founded a navigation school and sent out several ships to explore the western out several ships to explore the western

coast of Africa.coast of Africa.

Bartholomew DiasBartholomew DiasHe reached the Cape of Good Hope at He reached the Cape of Good Hope at

the southern tip of Africa.the southern tip of Africa.

Vasco da GamaVasco da GamaHe sailed all the way around Africa to He sailed all the way around Africa to

India, thus opening an all-water route to India, thus opening an all-water route to the East.the East.

Martin LutherMartin LutherHe protested false doctrines of the church by He protested false doctrines of the church by nailing his Ninety-five Theses to the church nailing his Ninety-five Theses to the church

door in Wittenberg, Germany.door in Wittenberg, Germany.

The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

The Protestant Reformation ensured that the The Protestant Reformation ensured that the people who colonized North America would be people who colonized North America would be

heavily influenced by the Word of God.heavily influenced by the Word of God.

Pages 8-12Pages 8-12

Tower of BabelTower of Babel

God scattered the people of the world from the Tower of Babel by confounding their language.

WigwamsWigwams

LonghousesLonghousesA typical longhouse was about A typical longhouse was about

80x18x18ft and would house up to 80x18x18ft and would house up to twenty or more families, most of whom twenty or more families, most of whom

were related.were related.

A man’s standing in the American A man’s standing in the American Indian tribe was based on his Indian tribe was based on his courage and success in war.courage and success in war.

Medicine ManMedicine ManThe Indians’ religious leaders were The Indians’ religious leaders were

called medicine mancalled medicine man

Ferdinand and IsabellaFerdinand and IsabellaThe King and Queen that sponsored The King and Queen that sponsored

Columbus’ expeditionColumbus’ expedition

Nina, Pinta, & the Nina, Pinta, & the Santa MariaSanta Maria

Columbus’s fleet of shipsColumbus’s fleet of ships

San SalvadorSan SalvadorOn Ocotber 12, 1492, Columbus made On Ocotber 12, 1492, Columbus made

his first landing in the New World on an his first landing in the New World on an island he named San Salvadorisland he named San Salvador

West IndiesWest IndiesToday, the 2000 mile chain of islands between Today, the 2000 mile chain of islands between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean is the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean is

called the West Indies.called the West Indies.

The Native people who met Columbus were a friendly tribe, the Arawaks. They warned Columbus of the fierce Caribs, a tribe of cannibals who also inhabited the region.

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo VespucciAn Italian sailor. He is the man credited with An Italian sailor. He is the man credited with being the first to realize that what Columbus being the first to realize that what Columbus

had discovered was a new continenthad discovered was a new continent

Pages 12-15Pages 12-15

ConquistadorsConquistadorsmilitary invaders from Spainmilitary invaders from Spain

Ponce de LeonPonce de LeonConqueror and governor of Puerto Rico. He Conqueror and governor of Puerto Rico. He

searched for the fabled “fountain of youth.” searched for the fabled “fountain of youth.” He did not find it, but he did make the 1He did not find it, but he did make the 1stst Spanish landing on the mainland of North Spanish landing on the mainland of North

America.America.

Vasco de BalboaVasco de BalboaHe discovered the Pacific Ocean.He discovered the Pacific Ocean.

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand MagellanHe began a three-year voyage around the He began a three-year voyage around the

world. Although he was killed, his expedition world. Although he was killed, his expedition proved once and for all that the world is round.proved once and for all that the world is round.

Hernando CortesHernando CortesConquered the Aztec Indians in Mexico. Conquered the Aztec Indians in Mexico. Cortes was helped in his conquest of the Cortes was helped in his conquest of the

Aztecs by other tribes of Indians who Aztecs by other tribes of Indians who wished to be freed from the oppression wished to be freed from the oppression

of the Aztecs.of the Aztecs.

MontezumaMontezumaPowerful Chieftain of the AztecsPowerful Chieftain of the Aztecs

Aztec IndiansAztec IndiansThe Aztec Indians were a very advanced society for their The Aztec Indians were a very advanced society for their

time. They practiced a pagan religion and worshiped time. They practiced a pagan religion and worshiped the gods of nature. They centered their worship on the the gods of nature. They centered their worship on the

“sun god.” The Aztecs believed they were chosen “sun god.” The Aztecs believed they were chosen people and it was their duty to supply the “sun god” people and it was their duty to supply the “sun god”

with food---human sacrifices.with food---human sacrifices.

Francisco PizarroFrancisco PizarroConquered the Inca Indians of PeruConquered the Inca Indians of Peru

Francisco CoronadoFrancisco CoronadoLed a party of men that discovered the Led a party of men that discovered the

Grand CanyonGrand Canyon

Hernando De SotoHernando De SotoDiscovered the Mississippi RiverDiscovered the Mississippi River

St. Augustine, St. Augustine, FloridaFlorida

The first permanent European The first permanent European settlement in present-day United Statessettlement in present-day United States

El Camino RealEl Camino Real“The King’s Highway.” The Oldest road in the “The King’s Highway.” The Oldest road in the

United States. Runs between Santa Fe and United States. Runs between Santa Fe and Chihuahua, Mexico.Chihuahua, Mexico.

Rivalry at SeaRivalry at SeaSpain’s chief rival was the island nation Spain’s chief rival was the island nation

of England.of England.

““Sea Dogs”Sea Dogs”Daring Sea captains who threatened Daring Sea captains who threatened

Spanish power.Spanish power.

Pictured is Queen Elizabeth with the boldest/most popular “Sea Dog,” Sir Francis Drake.

Counter-ReformationCounter-ReformationThe Catholic church launched the Counter-The Catholic church launched the Counter-

Reformation to combat the Protestant Reformation to combat the Protestant Reformation. They wanted to bring people Reformation. They wanted to bring people

back to the Catholic religion.back to the Catholic religion.

““Invincible Armada”Invincible Armada”Fleet of ships sent by Philip II to attack and Fleet of ships sent by Philip II to attack and

destroy England. When the English navy met destroy England. When the English navy met the Spanish fleet in the English Channel, the the Spanish fleet in the English Channel, the bulky Spanish ships were no match for the bulky Spanish ships were no match for the

light English ships.light English ships.

Defeat of the Spanish Defeat of the Spanish ArmadaArmada

The English credited their victory to God, and The English credited their victory to God, and Philip II agreed, saying, “I sent my ships to Philip II agreed, saying, “I sent my ships to fight against men and not against the winds fight against men and not against the winds

and waves of God.”and waves of God.”

Pages 16-18Pages 16-18

Northwest PassageNorthwest PassageThe first French explorers came to the New The first French explorers came to the New

World in search of the Northwest Passage- a World in search of the Northwest Passage- a supposed water route through North supposed water route through North

America to the Pacific Ocean.America to the Pacific Ocean.

Jacques CartierJacques CartierLed an expedition that discovered the Led an expedition that discovered the

St. Lawrence RiverSt. Lawrence River

HuguenotsHuguenotsFrench protestants that established French protestants that established

Charlesfort on the coast of South Charlesfort on the coast of South Carolina and Fort Caroline on the coast Carolina and Fort Caroline on the coast of Florida. The Huguenots came to the of Florida. The Huguenots came to the

New World to escape religious New World to escape religious persecution.persecution.

Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain“Father of New France”“Father of New France”

In 1608, he established the first permanent In 1608, he established the first permanent French settlement in the New World: Quebec, French settlement in the New World: Quebec,

CanadaCanada

Jacques MarquetteJacques Marquette& Louis Joliet& Louis Joliet

A Jesuit missionary and a fur trader. A Jesuit missionary and a fur trader. They led an expedition which explored They led an expedition which explored

the central Mississippi Riverthe central Mississippi River

Robert Cavalier de la Robert Cavalier de la SalleSalle

Claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for Claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France & named it “Louisiana” in honor France & named it “Louisiana” in honor

of King Louis XIV of France.of King Louis XIV of France.

““New France”New France”The French ultimately claimed The French ultimately claimed

Canada, the Great Lakes region, Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi Valley for and the Mississippi Valley for

FranceFrance

French Relationships with French Relationships with IndiansIndians

The French developed a good relationship The French developed a good relationship with the Indians. Many lived among them with the Indians. Many lived among them and learned their language. Most of the and learned their language. Most of the

Indian tribes became allies of the French. Indian tribes became allies of the French. The major exception was the tribe The major exception was the tribe Iroquois.Iroquois.

Jean Baptiste Pointe du Jean Baptiste Pointe du SableSable

A trapper and a trader. The best known A trapper and a trader. The best known Frenchman of African descent in New Frenchman of African descent in New

France. France.

Reasons New France Reasons New France never became heavily never became heavily

populatedpopulated1.1. Most of the French colonists Most of the French colonists

were hunters and traders and were hunters and traders and never established permanent never established permanent homes. homes.

2.2. They lacked self-governmentThey lacked self-government

3.3. They lacked religious freedomThey lacked religious freedom

New OrleansNew OrleansFounded in 1718, probably the Founded in 1718, probably the

best known city of French heritage best known city of French heritage

in America.in America.