chapter 2

• quiz

• quiz groups

• group development stages

• group goals

• group norms

• characteristics of effective groups

groups

group 1 group 2 group 3 group 4 group 5

corissa andreamichelle

h.kaytie ariana

heather krystal linda j. linda d joshua

michelle r.

leticia ryan marvin rosaena

erica elio youa nokou jessie

diana john danielle

group development stages

• forming stage

• explore personal goals, group goals

• awkward / unfamiliar

• primary tension

• social unease / stiffness that accompanies getting-acquainted stage in new groups

• will resolve naturally

group development stages

• storming stage

• task work starts

• conflict <-> cohesion dialectic

• leadership <-> followership dialectic

• secondary tension

• conflict over power/influence

• must deal with it

group development stages

• norming stage

• resolve tensions

• more order / trust

• structure <-> spontaneity dialectic

• establish norms/rules

• conforming <-> nonconforming dialectic

group development stages

• performing stage

• roles / responsibilities known

• adaptable to change according to group needs

• morale is high

• task <-> maintenance dialectic

group development stages

• adjourning stage

• group has reached goal

• individual goals become more prominent again

• sometimes a sense of loss is felt

group goals• Lock and Latham’s goal

theory explains that groups function best when their goals:

• are specific

• are hard by realistic

• are accepted by members

• are used to evaluate performance

• are linked to feedback and rewards

• are set by members and groups

• allow for member growth

goal-setting steps

• specify the nature of the task to be accomplished in terms of outcomes and/or behaviors

• specify how group outcomes and/or behaviors will be measured

• specify the performance standard for achieving the goal

• specify the time span and deadlines for achieving subgoals and overall goal

• specify the coordination requirements for goal achievement

goal-setting steps - in question form

• what do we want to accomplish?

• how will we know when we’ve accomplished our goal?

• how well have we achieved our goal?

• what tasks do we need to complete in order to achieve our goal by a specific date?

• how will we coordinate the work / contributions of group members most efficiently and effectively?

hidden agendas

• when individual goals and group goals conflict

• to avoid - be honest, open about your other commitments

presentation guidelines

• Present a discussion in which you tell the class about a serious problem facing the local community - the problem may exist in other communities, but this presentation is to focus on the local aspects of the problem.

• magnitude: large, serious

• costs: financial, human, community

• populations

• reasons it exists

• barriers to solve the problem

• You will be evaluated on strong delivery skills, appropriate use of language, engaging vocal variety, energetic and enthusiastic gestures and strong eye contact - as well as level of cohesion and commitment in groups.

group norms

• sets of expectations held by group members concerning what kinds of behaviors or opinions are acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad, right or wrong, appropriate or inappropriate

• group norms help

• express the values of the group

• the group to function smoothly

• define appropriate social behavior

• the group to survive

types of norms

• explicit: put into writing and shared verbally

• rules

• implicit: rarely discussed or openly communicated

• learned from prior group experiences

• learned from early group interactions

writing and establishing rules

• to help form group goals, consider the following questions:

• how long should our meeting last? standard date and time for meeting? what do we do if we can’t make it?

• how will we ensure that each member is doing their work?

• how will we manage conflict?

• how will we make our decisions?

conformity <-> nonconformity

• conformity: when members adopt attitudes and actions that adhere to groups norms

• groups may put pressure on members to conform

• nonconformity: when member does not meet the expectations of the group

• constructive nonconformity can still be worked out within the group

• destructive nonconformity cannot be.

• accept, confront or ignore behavior

characteristics of effective groups

• the most effective groups share these 8 characteristics:

• clear, elevated goal

• resulsts-driven structure

• competent team members

• unified commitment

• a collaborative climate

• standards of excellence

• external support and recognition

• principled leadership