Ch. 9-4: New Ch. 9-4: New TechnologyTechnology

Windmills helped pump water

Barbed wire fences est. land boundaries

Steel plow helped break up the sod

Railroads brought goods West

WindmillsWindmills

RailroadsRailroads

Changing FrontierChanging Frontier

Great Plains- Native Americans forced into the plains in the early 1800’s now being forced out with U.S. Expansion

Mining Frontier- Gold found in Colorado & California

Cattle FrontierCattle Frontier

Cowboys drove cattle from Texas to Abilene, Kansas

Ranchers and Farmers constantly fought over land

Rise of the Wicky Wild Wild West

Cattle DrivesCattle Drives

CowboysCowboys

John Wayne- The True John Wayne- The True American CowboyAmerican Cowboy

Frontier LifeFrontier Life

Women played a key role in the settlement of the west.

1890 U.S. officially declared the frontier no longer exist

Frontier was a safety valve, and democratized America

Native American WarsNative American Wars

Natives relied on Buffalo for their main source of food

Treaties continued to be signed and broken by the U.S. Govt.

Late 1800’s Govt. & Indians finally clashed

Little Bighorn RiverLittle Bighorn River

Crazy Horse led Sioux warriors against Col. Custer in 1876

Custer and 210 soldiers killed

Wounded Knee Creek- U.S. govt. killed over 300 Sioux in 1890

Chief Joseph- led the Nez Perce Indians and begged for his people to be left alone

Reservation- area of fixed boundaries for Native Americans alone

Reasons for FailuresReasons for Failures

Natives fought as groups not as one force

Tribes were small U.S. Army was larger and had more advanced weapons

Dawes Act 1887Dawes Act 1887

Govt. gave 160 acres of land to the head of households

Indians are traditionally hunters not farmers

Most sold or rented the land to whites

Goal was to Americanize the Indians

Civil Rights for NativesCivil Rights for Natives

Dawes Act did very littleBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)- was very corrupt

Most Natives lived in poverty on the reservations

American Indian Movement- tried to achieve some compensation for the Natives in the 1970’s

Courts are rewarding tribes lost land and Casino rights today