Cell Theory and the Organelles.

I can explain my comprehension of the following topics: • scientists who contributed to the cell

theory • Parts of the cell theory • prokaryote vs. eukaryote cells

• Know the functions of cell organelles

• Theodore Schwann - zoologist who observed tissues of animals had cells (1839)

• Mattias Schleiden - botanist, observed tissues of plants contained cells ( 1845)

• Rudolf Virchow - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known as cells. He predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 )

1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest unit that can perform life functions.

3. All cells arise from pre- existing cells.

*Why is the Cell Theory called a Theory and not a Fact?

Answer true or false and explain why… 1. Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells. 2. Bacteria cells have a cell membrane. 3. The Cell Theory was developed by a single scientist. 4. Plant cells have cytoplasm. 5. Cells taken from fungi do not have DNA. 6. Cells can only come from pre-existing cells. 7. It only took five years to develop the Cell Theory.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

CELL MEMBRANE • Forms the boundary of the cell

• Bacteria, Protists, Fungus and Plants have a cell

wall as well.

GENETIC MATERIAL • DNA

CYTOPLASM • Interior of cell

• The gel like substance is called CYTOSOL

First Type: Prokaryotic

• Simplest Cells

• NO nucleus

Still have DNA

• NO organelles

• EXAMPLE: bacteria

Flagella – lash-like appendage that

protrudes from the cell body of certain

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells used for

movement

Pilus - small hair like structures used for

attaching to other cells

Second Type: Eukaryotic (this is like

“U”)

• More complex

• Nucleus

• Organelles

• EXAMPLE: Plants and Animals

Membrane bound structures that perform specific functions. (like mini organs)

Only Eukaryotic Cells have organelles.

We will look at a few of the important ones.

Boundary between the cell and its

environment Controls entry and exit

into or out of the cell.

Holds genetic material in Eukaryotic

Cells.

Called the control center of the cell

A system of membranes that moves

proteins and other substances through

(inside) the cell.

There are two types of ER: • Rough ER: mainly associated with protein

• Smooth ER: mainly associated with lipids

Flattened membrane bound sacs

Store and package substances to be

shipped OUT of the cell

Energy is transformed from sugar into

cellular energy

Plant and Animal Cells differ in several ways.

Question: Are Plant and Animal cells the same type of cell? Why?

Have a Cell Wall • Made of Cellulose

• Provides support

• OUTSIDE the cell membrane

Have Chloroplasts • Where photosynthesis

occurs

Have a Central Vacuole • Store water

• Helps with support as

well

Do NOT have a Cell Wall (Plant ONLY)

Do NOT have Chloroplasts (Plant ONLY)

Do NOT have a Central Vacuole (Plant

ONLY-but they do have vacuoles)

Have SMALL vacuoles • Store small amounts of food, water, waste